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Li Y, Bao Y, Guo S, Li Y, Fang W, Zhang N, He H. Farnesoid X receptor modulator 12β-( m-methyl-benzoyl)-11,12-dihydro oleanolic acid represses liver fibrosis by inhibiting ERK/p38 signaling pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:795-802. [PMID: 38685856 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2349551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common pathological process in the progression of several chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, the development of medications that can repress the progress of liver fibrosis is essential. We discovered that initially, 12β-(m-methyl-benzoyl)-11,12-dihydro oleanolic acid (12d-OA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulator, possessed potential anti-fibrotic properties. Through an in-depth study, we revealed that 12d-OA not only inhibited the expression of fibrogenic markers in the LX-2 cells and HSC-T6 cells but also exhibited significant protective effects against liver injury and liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats. Further exploration of its molecular mechanism indicated that 12d-OA exerted antifibrotic activity by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/stress-activated protein kinase (p38) signaling pathways. Consequently, the great effects of 12d-OA in vitro and in vivo suggest that it may be a good candidate for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyang Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weishuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Ren Z, Tang H, Wan L, Liu X, Tang N, Wang L, Guo Z. Swertianolin ameliorates immune dysfunction in sepsis <em>via</em> blocking the immunosuppressive function of myeloid- derived suppressor cells. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3292. [PMID: 34468107 PMCID: PMC8419598 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we studied the long-term proliferation trajectory of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in murine sepsis model and investigated whether swertianolin could modulate the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. A murine sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), according to the Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) guidelines. The bone marrow and spleen of the mice were collected at 24 h, 72 h, 7 and 15 d after sepsis induction. The proportions of monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs; CD11b+LY6G-LY6Chi) and granulocytic-MDSCs (G-MDSC, CD11b+ Ly6G+ Ly6Clow) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Then, we have investigated whether swertianolin could modulate the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in in vitro experiments. G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs increased acutely after sepsis with high levels sustained over a long period of time. G-MDSCs were the main subtype identified in the murine model of sepsis with polymicrobial peritonitis. Furthermore, it was found that swertianolin reduced significantly interleukin-10 (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and arginase production in MDSCs, while reducing MDSC proliferation and promoting MDSC differentiation into dendritic cells. Swertianolin also improved T-cell activity by blocking the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs. Both subsets of MDSCs significantly increased in the bone marrow and spleen of the mice with sepsis, with G-MDSCs being the main subtype identified. Swertianolin effectively regulated the functions of MDSCs and reduced immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfang Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
| | - Haoren Tang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming .
| | - Linjun Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming .
| | - Xing Liu
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming.
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou .
| | - Zhenhui Guo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
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3
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Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y. Mechanism of Hydrophobic Bile Acid-Induced Hepatocyte Injury and Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1084. [PMID: 32765278 PMCID: PMC7378542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease is caused by the obstruction of bile synthesis, transport, and excretion in or outside the liver by a variety of reasons. Long-term persistent cholestasis in the liver can trigger inflammation, necrosis, or apoptosis of hepatocytes. Bile acid nuclear receptors have received the most attention for the treatment of cholestasis, while the drug development for bile acid nuclear receptors has made considerable progress. However, the targets regulated by bile acid receptor drugs are limited. Thus, as anticipated, intervention in the expression of bile acid nuclear receptors alone will not yield satisfactory clinical results. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarized the literature related to cholestasis, analyzed the molecular mechanism that bile acid damages cells, and status of drug development. It is hoped that this review will provide some reference for the research and development of drugs for cholestasis treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhang Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Feng Y, Wei Z, Zhang J. Determination of Ursolic Acid in Extracts From Ligustri lucidum Fruit Using an Electrochemical Method. Front Chem 2020; 8:444. [PMID: 32537451 PMCID: PMC7267720 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we reported a facile wet chemical method for depositing Pt nanoparticles on the surface of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS-Pt NPs). The deposited nanocomposite was applied for glassy carbon electrode surface modification. The modified electrode was then used for detecting ursolic acid (UA). The results indicate that the BNNS-Pt NPs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward UA oxidation compared with that of the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and Pt NPs/GCE. The UA oxidation currents is linearly related its concentration from 1 to 1,200 pM. The limit of detection can be calculated to be 0.5 pM. In addition, the UA sensor was also successfully used for the determination of UA in Ligustri lucidum fruit samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpu Feng
- Centre of Cerebrovascular, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Centre of Cerebrovascular, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Academy Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Academy Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Yun H, Duan X, Xiong W, Ding Y, Wu X, Kang J, Pu X, Yang Y, Chen Z. Exploration of the Hepatoprotective Effect and Mechanism of Swertia mussotii Franch in an Acute Liver Injury Rat Model. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 22:649-656. [DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666191106105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:
Swertia mussotii Franch, also known as “Zangyinchen”, is
one of a Tibetan traditional herb used for treatment of liver diseases over thousands of years at
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has been confirmed to be hepatoprotective. However, the underlying
mechanism is largely unknown.
Materials and Method:
In this study, we evaluated the effect of S. mussotii treatment in a carbon
tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury rat model by examining the serum alanine
aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels and performing histological
observations of the liver tissues. Meanwhile, the metabolomics analysis was used to explore the
molecular mechanism of S. mussotii treatment by high performance liquid chromatography tandem
mass spectrometry.
Results:
The results showed that S. mussotii treatment could effectively improve the serum alanine
aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin in acute liver injury rat model.
Histological observation showed that S. mussotii treatment could effectively alleviate liver injury.
Moreover, the metabolomics analysis showed that S. mussotii treatment could normalize the levels
of many fatty acid metabolism related metabolites. And the results of pathway analysis showed
that these metabolites significantly enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (myristic acid,
dodecanoic acid and capric acid) and linoleic acid metabolism pathway (13-OxoODE).
Conclusion:
The results indicated that S. mussotii treatment could significantly improve acute liver
injury through affecting the pathways related to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Xianglan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Wendou Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Yiwei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Junhua Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Yingzhong Yang
- Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
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6
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Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y. Mechanism of Hydrophobic Bile Acid-Induced Hepatocyte Injury and Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2020. [PMID: 32765278 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01084/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease is caused by the obstruction of bile synthesis, transport, and excretion in or outside the liver by a variety of reasons. Long-term persistent cholestasis in the liver can trigger inflammation, necrosis, or apoptosis of hepatocytes. Bile acid nuclear receptors have received the most attention for the treatment of cholestasis, while the drug development for bile acid nuclear receptors has made considerable progress. However, the targets regulated by bile acid receptor drugs are limited. Thus, as anticipated, intervention in the expression of bile acid nuclear receptors alone will not yield satisfactory clinical results. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarized the literature related to cholestasis, analyzed the molecular mechanism that bile acid damages cells, and status of drug development. It is hoped that this review will provide some reference for the research and development of drugs for cholestasis treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhang Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Tang H, Ke Y, Ren Z, Lei X, Xiao S, Bao T, Shi Z, Zou R, Wu T, Zhou J, Geng CA, Wang L, Chen J. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to Swertiamarin. J Cancer 2019; 10:6526-6534. [PMID: 31777582 PMCID: PMC6856900 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore gene expression profiling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exposed to swertiamarin. Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis and invasion were examined in HepG2 cells after swertiamarin treatment. Tumor growth of SK-Hep-1 cells xenografted in nude mice was monitored after swertiamarin treatment. Total RNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with swertiamarin for microarray analysis. The data of microarray were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: Swertiamarin treatment decreased the viability and invasion while increased the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and significantly inhibited the growth of SK-Hep-1 cells xenografted in nude mice. Pathway and biological process analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in swertiamarin treated HepG2 cells showed that PI3k-Akt was the most significant regulated pathway. 47 targets of swertiamarin were predicted by CGBVS while 21 targets were predicted by 3NN. Notably, 8 targets were predicted as the targets of swertiamarin by both programs, including two prominent targets JUN and STAT3. A large range of DEGs induced by swertiamarin could be regulated by JUN and STAT3. Conclusion: Swertiamarin treatment led to significant changes in the expression of a variety of genes that modulate cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and invasion. Moreover, most of these genes can be clustered into pathway networks such as PI3K, JUN, STAT3, which are predicted targets of swertiamarin. Further confirmation of these targets will reveal the anti-tumor mechanisms of swertiamarin and facilitate the development of swertiamarin as a novel agent for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zongfang Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuefen Lei
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shufeng Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Mental Health Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhitian Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Renchao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tiangen Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
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Sadeghi H, Azarmehr N, Razmkhah F, Sadeghi H, Danaei N, Omidifar N, Vakilpour H, Pourghadamyari H, Doustimotlagh AH. The hydroalcoholic extract of watercress attenuates protein oxidation, oxidative stress, and liver damage after bile duct ligation in rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14875-14884. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Nahid Azarmehr
- Student Research Committee Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Fatemeh Razmkhah
- Student Research Committee Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Heibatollah Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Nazanin Danaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Education Research Center, Zeinabieh Hospital, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Hossein Vakilpour
- Student Research Committee Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
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9
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Wu T, Zhang Q, Song H. Swertiamarin attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and inflammation in rats by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000417449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qianrui Zhang
- General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, China
| | - Hongping Song
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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10
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Xiang Y, Haixia W, Zenggen L, Yanduo T. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from Swertia mussotii. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:598-601. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1399385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wang Haixia
- Department of Institute of Chemical Technology, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Liu Zenggen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yanduo
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
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11
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Deep sequencing and transcriptome analyses to identify genes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis in the Tibetan medicinal plant Swertia mussotii. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43108. [PMID: 28225035 PMCID: PMC5320516 DOI: 10.1038/srep43108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Swertia mussotii Franch. is an important traditional Tibetan medicinal plant with pharmacological properties effective in the treatment of various ailments including hepatitis. Secoiridoids are the major bioactive compounds in S. mussotii. To better understand the secoiridoid biosynthesis pathway, we generated transcriptome sequences from the root, leaf, stem, and flower tissues, and performed de novo sequence assembly, yielding 98,613 unique transcripts with an N50 of 1,085 bp. Putative functions could be assigned to 35,029 transcripts (35.52%) based on BLAST searches against annotation databases including GO and KEGG. The expression profiles of 39 candidate transcripts encoding the key enzymes for secoiridoid biosynthesis were examined in different S. mussotii tissues, validated by qRT-PCR, and compared with the homologous genes from S. japonica, a species in the same family, unveiling the gene expression, regulation, and conservation of the pathway. The examination of the accumulated levels of three bioactive compounds, sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside, revealed their considerable variations in different tissues, with no significant correlation with the expression profiles of key genes in the pathway, suggesting complex biological behaviours in the coordination of metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation. The genomic dataset and analyses presented here lay the foundation for further research on this important medicinal plant.
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Wei SL, Wang J, Li DM. Inhibitory effect of Swertiamarin on fibrosis in rats with cholestatic liver damage. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3482-3487. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i23.3482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of Swertiamarin on fibrosis in rats with cholestatic liver damage.
METHODS: Thirty young male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: a normal control group (n = 10), a model group (n = 10) and a Swertiamarin treatment group (n = 10). α-naphthylisothiocyanate was used to induce cholestatic liver damage and fibrosis. During the process of model development, rats in the treatment group were given Swertiamarin. After treatment, serum indexes for liver function and liver fibrosis, fibrosis of liver tissue and pathological tests were used to determine the therapeutic efficacy of Swertiamarin. Western blot was performed to determine the expression changes of hepatocyte membrane transporters Mrp3 and Mrp4 in rat liver tissue.
RESULTS: Compared with the model group, serum indexes for liver function (ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, ALP and GGT) and liver fibrosis (HA, LN, IV-C and PCIII), fibrosis of liver tissue (hydroxyproline content), and pathological tests (inflammation activity and fibrosis degree) were significantly improved in rats treated with Swertiamarin. Western blot results indicated that the expression of Mrp3 and Mrp4 was significantly increased in rats receiving Swertiamarin treatment.
CONCLUSION: Swertiamarin can inhibit the fibrosis in rats with cholestatic liver damage.
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13
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Xiang B, Li X, Qian J, Wang L, Ma L, Tian X, Wang Y. The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Swertia mussotii Using the PacBio RS II Platform. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081029. [PMID: 27517885 PMCID: PMC6274542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swertia mussotii is an important medicinal plant that has great economic and medicinal value and is found on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. mussotii is 153,431 bp in size, with a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,761 bp each that separate an large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,567 bp and an a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,342 bp. The S. mussotii cp genome encodes 84 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The identity, number, and GC content of S. mussotii cp genes were similar to those in the genomes of other Gentianales species. Via analysis of the repeat structure, 11 forward repeats, eight palindromic repeats, and one reverse repeat were detected in the S. mussotii cp genome. There are 45 SSRs in the S. mussotii cp genome, the majority of which are mononucleotides found in all other Gentianales species. An entire cp genome comparison study of S. mussotii and two other species in Gentianaceae was conducted. The complete cp genome sequence provides intragenic information for the cp genetic engineering of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan Road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jun Qian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan Road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan Road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan Road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
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