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Chen L, Yin L, Qi Z, Li J, Wang X, Ma K, Liu X. Gene expression-based immune infiltration analyses of renal cancer and their associations with survival outcome. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:595. [PMID: 34030645 PMCID: PMC8146654 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cancer is a common malignant tumor with an increasing incidence rate. METHODS In this study, based on the gene expression profiles, we analyzed the compositions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in renal cancer and paracancerous samples using CIBERSORT. The proportions of 22 TIICs subsets in 122 paired renal carcinoma and paracancerous samples, and 224 Wilms tumor (WT) samples varied between intragroup and intergroup. RESULTS After analyzed the difference of TIICs composition between renal cancer and paired paracancerous samples, we found that M0 macrophages and CD8 T cells were significantly elevated, while naive B cells were significantly decreased in renal cancer samples compared with paracancerous samples. Survival analysis showed that high overall TIICs proportion, the low proportion of resting mast cells and the high proportion of activated memory CD4 T cells were associated with poor prognosis of renal cancer patients. In addition, 3 clusters were identified by hierarchical clustering analysis, and they presented a distinct prognosis. Cluster 1 had superior survival outcomes, while cluster 2 had an inferior survival outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that overall TIICs proportion, certain TIICs subset proportion, including resting mast cells and activated memory CD4 T cells, and distinct cluster patterns were associated with the prognosis of renal cancer, which was significant for the clinical surveillance and treatment of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Zilong Qi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jinmin Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
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Olmos-Martínez JM, Hernández JL, Fábrega E, Olmos JM, Crespo J, González-Macías J. Bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in treatment-naïve patients with non-cirrhotic hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:72. [PMID: 32399944 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We studied 112 treatment-naïve chronic HCV patients without cirrhosis, and we found that, especially HCV+ postmenopausal women, they had lower TBS and BMD values than healthy controls. This suggests that HCV infection is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis, and therefore, screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal HCV+ women should be considered. PURPOSE To know whether patients in earlier stages of chronic HCV infection are at increased risk of developing low bone mass and bone microarchitectural changes and whether there is an association between bone metabolism and the severity of the liver disease. METHODS We studied 112 treatment-naïve chronic HCV outpatients and 233 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) were assessed by DXA. Serum 25(OH)D, PTH, P1NP, and CTX were determined by electrochemiluminescence. RESULTS TBS values were significantly lower in HCV patients than in controls, both considering the population as a whole (1.337 ± 0.119 vs. 1.377 ± 0.122; p < 0.005) and after stratifying by sex (1.347 ± 0.12 vs. 1.381 ± 0.13 in men and 1.314 ± 0.10 vs. 1.369 ± 0.11 in women). The difference remained significant (p < 0.0001 in all cases) after adjusting for confounders. BMD was also lower in HCV patients (lumbar spine, 0.935 ± 0.151 vs. 0.991 ± 0.143 g/cm2, p 0.001; femoral neck, 0.764 ± 0.123 vs. 0.818 ± 0.123 g/cm2, p 0.0001; total hip, 0.926 ± 0.148 vs. 0.963 ± 0.132 g/cm2, p 0.02), although, after adjustment, differences kept a clear trend towards statistical significance in women at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. However, in men and at the total hip in women, differences were no longer significant. We find no relationship between these parameters and the severity of the disease. No significant difference was observed in PTH and 25OHD status after adjustment. Finally, serum P1NP, but not CTX, was higher in HCV patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HCV infection is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis, especially among postmenopausal women. Therefore, the appropriateness of screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal HCV-positive women should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Olmos-Martínez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - José L Hernández
- Bone Metabolic Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain.
| | - Emilio Fábrega
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - José M Olmos
- Bone Metabolic Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Macías
- Bone Metabolic Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
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Grant C. A vitamin D protocol post‐liver transplantation. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2017; 29:658-666. [DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Guarino M, Loperto I, Camera S, Cossiga V, Di Somma C, Colao A, Caporaso N, Morisco F. Osteoporosis across chronic liver disease. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1967-77. [PMID: 26846777 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complication of chronic liver disease, with impact on morbidity, quality of life, and survival. The progress of medicine and the new therapies stretched the disease's natural history and improved the survival of patients with liver disease. So, it is fundamental to make better the quality of life and to prevent complications. Metabolic bone disorders are common complications of chronic liver disease (CLD). Patients with CLD have an increased risk of bone fractures, with significant impact on morbidity, quality of life, and even on survival. Bone diseases, including osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and osteopenia, are frequently observed in many types of liver disease. The pathogenesis of damage and the mechanisms of bone loss are different in relation to the specific liver disease. The relevance of these conditions induced many authors to create a new nosographic entity known as "hepatic osteodystrophy", although this term is rarely used anymore and it is now commonly referred to as osteopenia or osteoporosis associated with chronic liver disease. This review is based on the personal experiences of the authors and upon research done of the available literature on this subject matter. The authors searched the PubMed database for publications containing the term "liver disease" in combination with "bone disease", "hepatic osteodistrophy", "osteoporosis", "osteopenia", "osteomalacia", and "fractures". They selected publications from the past 10 years but did not exclude older seminal publications, especially for colestatic liver diseases. This review of literature shows that osteoporosis crosses all CLD. It is important to underline that the progress of medicine and the new therapies stretched the disease's natural history and improved the survival of patients with CLD. It is fundamental to make better the quality of life and it is mandatory to prevent complications and in particular the osteoporotic ones, especially fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guarino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - I Loperto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Camera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - V Cossiga
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - C Di Somma
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - N Caporaso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Morisco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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Bedimo R, Maalouf NM, Re VL. Hepatitis C virus coinfection as a risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2016; 11:285-93. [PMID: 26890206 PMCID: PMC6161492 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With increased survival of HIV-infected patients, osteoporotic fractures have developed as a major cause of morbidity in these patients, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has emerged as a significant contributor to this increased fracture risk. The present article reviews the epidemiologic and clinical evidence for osteoporosis and increased fracture risk among HIV/HCV coinfected patients, and potential mechanisms for these outcomes with HCV coinfection. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiologic studies suggest that HIV/HCV coinfected patients exhibit a three-fold increased fracture incidence compared with uninfected controls, and 1.2-2.4-fold increased fracture risk compared with HIV monoinfected patients. Recent reports suggest that chronic HCV coinfection is independently associated with reduced bone mineral density in HIV, but that it is not associated with significantly increased bone turnover. The deleterious impact of chronic HCV on BMD and fracture risk occurs even in the absence of advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. New tools to assess bone quality, including the trabecular bone score, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and in-vivo microindentation, may help improve understanding of the mechanisms of HCV-associated skeletal fragility. The impact of approved antiosteoporosis medications and direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic HCV infection on patients' bone health remain to be studied. SUMMARY Chronic HCV infection is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures among HIV-infected patients, even before the development of cirrhosis. The underlying mechanisms are being unraveled, but major questions persist regarding the optimal evaluation and management of bone health in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bedimo
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naim M. Maalouf
- Endocrine Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Mineral Metabolism, and the Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vincent Lo Re
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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