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Liu F, Luo Y, Xu T, Lin H, Qiu Y, Li B. Current examining methods and mathematical models of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1371388. [PMID: 38638913 PMCID: PMC11025395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment has garnered significant attention due to their health risk to human beings. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered as an important way for ARG dissemination. There are four general routes of HGT, including conjugation, transformation, transduction and vesiduction. Selection of appropriate examining methods is crucial for comprehensively understanding characteristics and mechanisms of different HGT ways. Moreover, combined with the results obtained from different experimental methods, mathematical models could be established and serve as a powerful tool for predicting ARG transfer dynamics and frequencies. However, current reviews of HGT for ARG spread mainly focus on its influencing factors and mechanisms, overlooking the important roles of examining methods and models. This review, therefore, delineated four pathways of HGT, summarized the strengths and limitations of current examining methods, and provided a comprehensive summing-up of mathematical models pertaining to three main HGT ways of conjugation, transformation and transduction. Finally, deficiencies in current studies were discussed, and proposed the future perspectives to better understand and assess the risks of ARG dissemination through HGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiu Luo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tiansi Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Cheng D, Li F, Li J, Bai S, Wang Y, Ma X, Li M, An X, Song L, Ma F, Zhao B, Tong Y. Isolation and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage IME278 infecting Enterobacter hormaechei and its biocontrol potential on pork. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105876. [PMID: 36379370 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter hormaechei is an opportunistic pathogen and is found in a large variety of food including animal-derived food. In recent years, bacteria present a severe clinical challenge due to their increasing resistance to antibiotics. Bacteriophages have gained attention as a new antibacterial strategy. In this study, we isolated a novel E. hormaechei bacteriophage IME278 from hospital sewage in Beijing, China. Bacteriophage IME278 had a double-stranded linear DNA genome with 40,164 bp and 51.99% GC content. Whole-genome alignments showed IME278 shared 87% homology with other phages in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. And phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that IME278 was highly similar to bacteriophages belonging to the genus Kayfunavirus, family Autographiviridae, indicating IME278 can be classified as a new member of the Autographiviridae family. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that IME278 had an icosahedral head 51.72 nm in diameter and a tail 151.28 nm in length. Bacteriophage IME278 was able to survive under high temperature (50 °C-70 °C) and its activity decreased significantly above 70 °C and almost completely inactivated at 80 °C. Bacteriophage IME278 could survive in a wide pH range (4.0-11.0) and it was stable in chloroform (up to 5%). The phage was sensitive to UV irradiation. Bacteriophage IME278 had a latent period of 40 min and reached a plateau stage at 150 min and its cleavage was approximately 8.21 × 108/3.66 × 108 = 2.24. The biocontrol potential of bacteriophage IME278 was evaluated in a model that artificially contaminated pork with E. hormaechei 529 and the result revealed that IME278 could effectively control bacterial contamination on pork. The in-depth analysis of the biological characteristics, whole genome sequencing, and bioinformatics of IME278 has laid the foundation for the biocontrol application and the treatment of bacteria using bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shiyu Bai
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xianfen Ma
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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