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Mabhida SE, Mashatola L, Kaur M, Sharma JR, Apalata T, Muhamed B, Benjeddou M, Johnson R. Hypertension in African Populations: Review and Computational Insights. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040532. [PMID: 33917487 PMCID: PMC8067483 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a persistent public health problem affecting approximately 1.3 billion individuals globally. Treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) is defined as high blood pressure (BP) in a hypertensive patient that remains above goal despite use of ≥3 antihypertensive agents of different classes including a diuretic. Despite a plethora of treatment options available, only 31.0% of individuals have their HTN controlled. Interindividual genetic variability to drug response might explain this disappointing outcome because of genetic polymorphisms. Additionally, the poor knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypertensive disease and the long-term interaction of antihypertensive drugs with blood pressure control mechanisms further aggravates the problem. Furthermore, in Africa, there is a paucity of pharmacogenomic data on the treatment of resistant hypertension. Therefore, identification of genetic signals having the potential to predict the response of a drug for a given individual in an African population has been the subject of intensive investigation. In this review, we aim to systematically extract and discuss African evidence on the genetic variation, and pharmacogenomics towards the treatment of HTN. Furthermore, in silico methods are utilized to elucidate biological processes that will aid in identifying novel drug targets for the treatment of resistant hypertension in an African population. To provide an expanded view of genetic variants associated with the development of HTN, this study was performed using publicly available databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journal Online, PharmGKB searching for relevant papers between 1984 and 2020. A total of 2784 articles were reviewed, and only 42 studies were included following the inclusion criteria. Twenty studies reported associations with HTN and genes such as AGT (rs699), ACE (rs1799752), NOS3 (rs1799983), MTHFR (rs1801133), AGTR1 (rs5186), while twenty-two studies did not show any association within the African population. Thereafter, an in silico predictive approach was utilized to identify several genes including CLCNKB, CYPB11B2, SH2B2, STK9, and TBX5 which may act as potential drug targets because they are involved in pathways known to influence blood pressure. Next, co-expressed genes were identified as they are controlled by the same transcriptional regulatory program and may potentially be more effective as multiple drug targets in the treatment regimens for HTN. Genes belonging to the co-expressed gene cluster, ACE, AGT, AGTR1, AGTR2, and NOS3 as well as CSK and ADRG1 showed enrichment of G-protein-coupled receptor activity, the classical targets of drug discovery, which mediate cellular signaling processes. The latter is of importance, as the targeting of co-regulatory gene clusters will allow for the development of more effective HTN drug targets that could decrease the prevalence of both controlled and TRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Lebohang Mashatola
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (L.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (L.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Teke Apalata
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University and National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
| | - Babu Muhamed
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
- Children’s National Health System, Division of Cardiology, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.)
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-938-0866
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Njegic A, Wilson C, Cartwright EJ. Targeting Ca 2 + Handling Proteins for the Treatment of Heart Failure and Arrhythmias. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 33013458 PMCID: PMC7498719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the heart, such as heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, are a growing socio-economic burden. Calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation is key hallmark of the failing myocardium and has long been touted as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the heart, Ca2+ is essential for maintaining normal cardiac function through the generation of the cardiac action potential and its involvement in excitation contraction coupling. As such, the proteins which regulate Ca2+ cycling and signaling play a vital role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Changes to the expression levels and function of Ca2+-channels, pumps and associated intracellular handling proteins contribute to altered Ca2+ homeostasis in CVD. The remodeling of Ca2+-handling proteins therefore results in impaired Ca2+ cycling, Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduced Ca2+ clearance, all of which contributes to increased intracellular Ca2+. Currently, approved treatments for targeting Ca2+ handling dysfunction in CVD are focused on Ca2+ channel blockers. However, whilst Ca2+ channel blockers have been successful in the treatment of some arrhythmic disorders, they are not universally prescribed to heart failure patients owing to their ability to depress cardiac function. Despite the progress in CVD treatments, there remains a clear need for novel therapeutic approaches which are able to reverse pathophysiology associated with heart failure and arrhythmias. Given that heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are closely associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis, this review will address the molecular changes to proteins associated with both Ca2+-handling and -signaling; their potential as novel therapeutic targets will be discussed in the context of pre-clinical and, where available, clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Njegic
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Kim GT, Kim IS, Jee SH, Sull JW. Effects of ATP2B1 Variants on the Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure according to the Degree of Obesity in the South Korean Population. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2020.52.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Tae Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, General Graduate School, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Sik Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, General Graduate School, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Depratment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Sull
- Department of Senior Healthcare, General Graduate School, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Depratment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
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Sombié HK, Kologo JK, Tchelougou D, Ouédraogo SY, Ouattara AK, Compaoré TR, Nagalo BM, Sorgho AP, Nagabila I, Soubeïga ST, Djigma FW, Yonli AT, Zabsonré P, Millogo H, Simporé J. Positive association between ATP2B1 rs17249754 and essential hypertension: a case-control study in Burkina Faso, West Africa. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:155. [PMID: 31242870 PMCID: PMC6595568 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic and environment play a significant role in the etiology of essential hypertension (EH). Recently STK39 rs3754777, ATP2B1 rs2681472 and rs17249754 have been associated with BP variation and hypertension. In this study we aimed to determine firstly whether index variants were associated with the risk of developing EH in Burkina Faso and secondly to characterize cardiovascular risk markers. Methods We conducted a case-control study with 380 participants including 180 case subjects with EH and 200 control subjects with normal BP. We used TaqMan genotyping assays with probes from Applied Biosystems to genotype polymorphisms using the 7500 Real-Time PCR System. Biochemical parameters were measured using chemistry analyzer COBAS C311. Results T-test showed that cardiovascular risk markers such as body mass index, waist circumference, blood sugar, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in hypertensive compared to normotensive (all p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed in decreasing order that overweight, family history of hypertension, central obesity and alcohol intake increased the risk of developing EH (all OR > 3.8; all p < 0.001). In genetic level we observed that individuals carrying the AA+AG genotype of ATP2B1 rs17249754 had a low risk of developing EH than those carrying the GG genotype (OR = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.31–0.75] p = 0.001) and the A allele frequency in the cases was significantly lower than that of the controls (OR = 0.56 [95% CI: 0.38–0.82] p = 0.003). We also observed that ATP2B1 rs17249754 was significantly associated with higher SBP and DPB in case and control groups (GG versus AG + AA; p < 0.05), ATP2B1 rs2681472 was significantly associated with higher SBP only in case and control group (AA versus AG + GG; p < 0.05), STK39 rs3754777 was not significantly associated with any of the BP traits (CC versus CT + TT; p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results confirmed the significant association of ATP2B1 rs17249754 with the risk of developing EH in Burkinabe and showed an increase of cardiovascular risk markers levels in subjects with EH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-019-1136-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Karim Sombié
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Jonas Koudougou Kologo
- Saint Camille hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso, P.O. Box 444, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Daméhan Tchelougou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Yannick Ouédraogo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Tegwindé Rebecca Compaoré
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Bolni Marius Nagalo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abel Pegdwendé Sorgho
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Issoufou Nagabila
- Saint Camille hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso, P.O. Box 444, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Théophile Soubeïga
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. .,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Albert Théophane Yonli
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Patrice Zabsonré
- University Hospital Center-Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHUYO), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hassanata Millogo
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simporé
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Saint Camille hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso, P.O. Box 444, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.,Faculty of Medicine, University Saint Thomas d'Aquin, P.O. Box 10212, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Manosroi W, Williams GH. Genetics of Human Primary Hypertension: Focus on Hormonal Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:825-856. [PMID: 30590482 PMCID: PMC6936319 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign-an elevated blood pressure. To determine these causes, genetic tools are increasingly employed. This review identified 62 proposed genes. However, only 21 of them met our inclusion criteria: (i) primary hypertension, (ii) two or more supporting cohorts from different publications or within a single publication or one supporting cohort with a confirmatory genetically modified animal study, and (iii) 600 or more subjects in the primary cohort; when including our exclusion criteria: (i) meta-analyses or reviews, (ii) secondary and monogenic hypertension, (iii) only hypertensive complications, (iv) genes related to blood pressure but not hypertension per se, (v) nonsupporting studies more common than supporting ones, and (vi) studies that did not perform a Bonferroni or similar multiassessment correction. These 21 genes were organized in a four-tiered structure: distant phenotype (hypertension); intermediate phenotype [salt-sensitive (18) or salt-resistant (0)]; subintermediate phenotypes under salt-sensitive hypertension [normal renin (4), low renin (8), and unclassified renin (6)]; and proximate phenotypes (specific genetically driven hypertensive subgroup). Many proximate hypertensive phenotypes had a substantial endocrine component. In conclusion, primary hypertension is a syndrome; many proposed genes are likely to be false positives; and deep phenotyping will be required to determine the utility of genetics in the treatment of hypertension. However, to date, the positive genes are associated with nearly 50% of primary hypertensives, suggesting that in the near term precise, mechanistically driven treatment and prevention strategies for the specific primary hypertension subgroups are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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