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Nabatanzi R, Cose S, Joloba M, Jones SR, Nakanjako D. Effects of HIV infection and ART on phenotype and function of circulating monocytes, natural killer, and innate lymphoid cells. AIDS Res Ther 2018; 15:7. [PMID: 29544508 PMCID: PMC5853105 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-018-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection causes upregulation of markers of inflammation, immune activation and apoptosis of host adaptive, and innate immune cells particularly monocytes, natural killer (NK) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores CD4 T-cell counts, the persistent aberrant activation of monocytes, NK and ILCs observed likely contributes to the incomplete recovery of T-cell effector functions. A better understanding of the effects of HIV infection and ART on the phenotype and function of circulating monocytes, NK, and ILCs is required to guide development of novel therapeutic interventions to optimize immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Nabatanzi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Stephen Cose
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Damalie Nakanjako
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Maldonado GDC, Terra ON, Arnóbio A, Alfradique GR, Ornellas MH, da Silva RI, de Lima DB. Association Between XRCC1 and WRN as Genetic Markers of Stability and Susceptibility to Cancer in Patients with HIV/AIDS and Cancer: a Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:615-620. [PMID: 28440612 PMCID: PMC5464474 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV-induced immunodeficiency has been implicated as a key factor for risk of cancer. Neoplasia is considered to result from accumulation of damage to the genome. Polymorphisms in repair genes, such as the XRCC1 and WRN, have been associated with susceptibility to development of cancer in patients with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of polymorphisms in XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and WRN (Cys1367Arg) in patients with HIV/AIDS with or without cancer. Materials and Methods: Genotyping for analysis of polymorphisms was carried out by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Results: In the genotypic and allelic analysis, no increased risk of cancer was observed with any genotype or allele of XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) singly (prevalence ratio 2.82; p-value= 0.24). However, with the WRN (Cys1367Arg) gene, the heterozygous genotype and arginine allele were associated with increased risk (prevalence ratio= 25.62; p-value= 0.0001). Correlation analysis showed no association between gender and the risk (male p-value= 0.639 and women p-value> 1); however, a positive association for the increased risk of cancer was shown with XRCC1 (Arg399Arg) wild-type homozygous and WRN (Cys1367Arg) heterozygous (p-value< 0.001), with heterozygous XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and WRN (Cys1367Arg) (p-value< 0.001), and with variant homozygous XRCC1 (Gln399Gln) and heterozygous WRN (Cys1367Arg) (p-value< 0.001). Conclusions: There is no increased risk of cancer in patients who are HIV/AIDS carriers of the XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) gene singly. However, there is a high risk in patients with HIV/AIDS who have the heterozygous genotype and the arginine allele in the WRN (Cys1367Arg) gene singly. Those with WRN (Cys1367Arg) heterozygote genotype showed a high risk of cancer with all genotypes of the XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel de Carvalho Maldonado
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Orlando Nascimento Terra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriano Arnóbio
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rohem Alfradique
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Ornellas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Dirce Bonfim de Lima
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
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