1
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Hoque S, Dhar R, Kar R, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee D, Mukerjee N, Nag S, Tomar N, Mallik S. Cancer stem cells (CSCs): key player of radiotherapy resistance and its clinical significance. Biomarkers 2023; 28:139-151. [PMID: 36503350 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2157875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing and slow-multiplying micro subpopulations in tumour microenvironments. CSCs contribute to cancer's resistance to radiation (including radiation) and other treatments. CSCs control the heterogeneity of the tumour. It alters the tumour's microenvironment cellular singling and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Current research decodes the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and CSCs interlink in radiation resistance. Exosome is a subpopulation of EVs and originated from plasma membrane. It is secreted by several active cells. It involed in cellular communication and messenger of healthly and multiple pathological complications. Exosomal biological active cargos (DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and glycan), are capable to transform recipient cells' nature. The molecular signatures of CSCs and CSC-derived exosomes are potential source of cancer theranostics development. This review discusse cancer stem cells, radiation-mediated CSCs development, EMT associated with CSCs, the role of exosomes in radioresistance development, the current state of radiation therapy and the use of CSCs and CSCs-derived exosomes biomolecules as a clinical screening biomarker for cancer. This review gives new researchers a reason to keep an eye on the next phase of scientific research into cancer theranostics that will help mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminur Hoque
- Department of Radiology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rishav Kar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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The interplay of cytokine signaling and non-coding RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma pathobiology. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10825-10847. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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3
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Choudhury J, Pandey D, Chaturvedi PK, Gupta S. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition: a trophoblast perspective. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6572349. [PMID: 35451485 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes alter expression of genes at both pre- and post-transcriptional levels without changing their DNA sequence. Accumulating evidence suggests that such changes can modify cellular behaviour and characteristics required during development and in response to various extracellular stimuli. Trophoblast cells develop from the outermost trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst and undergo many phenotypic changes as the placenta develops. One such phenotypic change is differentiation of the epithelial natured cytotrophoblasts into the mesenchymal natured extravillous trophoblasts. The extravillous trophoblasts are primarily responsible for invading into the maternal decidua and thus establishing connection with the maternal spiral arteries. Any dysregulation of this process can have adverse effects on the pregnancy outcome. Hence, tight regulation of this epithelial-mesenchymal transition is critical for successful pregnancy. This review summarizes the recent research on the epigenetic regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition occurring in the trophoblast cells during placental development. The functional significance of chemical modifications of DNA and histone, which regulate transcription, as well as non-coding RNAs, which control gene expression post-transcriptionally, is discussed in relation to trophoblast biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmoy Choudhury
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Deepak Pandey
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
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Aminimoghaddam S, Fooladi B, Noori M, Nickhah Klashami Z, Kakavand Hamidi A, M Amoli M. The Effect of Metformin on Expression of Long Non-coding RNA H19 in Endometrial Cancer. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 35:155. [PMID: 35341081 PMCID: PMC8932210 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most widespread cancer among females, with a growing prevalence in recent years. Management by combined therapies along with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have improved patients' prognoses. Besides, the development of new therapies helps preserve fertility and prognosis in aggressive tumors. The purpose of this research was to identify the efficacy of metformin on the H19 long non-coding RNA expression in endometrial cancer to provide further insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. Methods: A total of 23 patients with endometrial cancer, diagnosed by biopsy or diagnostic curettage, were recruited and divided into three groups, before and after metformin treatment and placebo. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the H19 expression in cancer tissue in all patients. Results: : It has been observed that in endometrial tissue of the "after-metformin" treatment group, the H19 expression level was significantly reduced, compared with the "before-metformin" treatment group, but not in comparison with the placebo. These findings indicate that metformin reduced the H19 expression in endometrial cancer. Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs, such as metformin, may be beneficial by reducing the H19 expression in endometrial cancer due to the H19 relation to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Aminimoghaddam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Fooladi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Armita Kakavand Hamidi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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5
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Abedi Kichi Z, Soltani M, Rezaei M, Shirvani-Farsani Z, Rojhannezhad M. The Emerging role of EMT-related lncRNAs in therapy resistance and their application as biomarkers. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4574-4601. [PMID: 35352644 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220329203032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the world's second largest cause of death. The most common cancer treatments are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Drug resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis are all pressing issues in cancer therapy today. Increasing evidence showed that drug-resistant and EMT are co-related with each other. Indeed, drug-resistant cancer cells possess enhanced EMT and invasive ability. Recent researches have demonstrated lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are noncoding transcripts, which play an important role in the regulation of EMT, metastasis, and drug resistance in different cancers. However, the relationships among lncRNAs, EMT, and drug resistance are still unclear. These effects could be exerted via several signaling pathways such as TGF-β, PI3K-AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin. Identifying the crucial regulatory roles of lncRNAs in these pathways and processes leads to the development of novel targeted therapies. We review the key aspects of lncRNAs associated with EMT and therapy resistance. We focus on the crosstalk between lncRNAs and molecular signaling pathways affecting EMT and drug resistance. Moreover, each of the mentioned lncRNAs could be used as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker for cancer. Although, there are still many challenges to investigate lncRNAs for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abedi Kichi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Mona Soltani
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mina Rezaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Rojhannezhad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
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6
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Multifaceted roles of long non-coding RNAs in triple-negative breast cancer: biology and clinical applications. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2791-2810. [PMID: 33258920 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous breast cancer subtype that lacks targeted therapy due to the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Moreover, TNBC was shown to have a poor prognosis, since it involves aggressive phenotypes that confer significant hindrance to therapeutic treatments. Recent state-of-the-art sequencing technologies have shed light on several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), previously thought to have no biological function and were considered as genomic junk. LncRNAs are involved in various physiological as well as pathological conditions, and play a key role in drug resistance, gene expression, and epigenetic regulation. This review mainly focuses on exploring the multifunctional roles of candidate lncRNAs, and their strong association with TNBC development. We also summarise various emerging research findings that establish novel paradigms of lncRNAs function as oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors in TNBC development, suggesting their role as prospective therapeutic targets.
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Kalhori MR, Khodayari H, Khodayari S, Vesovic M, Jackson G, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNAs by Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Novel Anticancer Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061274. [PMID: 33805687 PMCID: PMC8001769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is caused by the rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells that eventually lead to tumor formation. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are among the most critical factors in the onset of carcinoma. Phytochemicals are a group of natural compounds that play an essential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential therapeutic targets of bioactive phytochemicals, and these compounds could regulate the expression of lncRNAs directly and indirectly. Here, we critically evaluate in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of phytochemicals in numerous human cancers via regulation of lncRNA expression and their downstream target genes. Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in various cellular activities, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of lncRNAs serves a fundamental role in the progression and initiation of various diseases, including cancer. Precision medicine is a suitable and optimal treatment method for cancer so that based on each patient’s genetic content, a specific treatment or drug is prescribed. The rapid advancement of science and technology in recent years has led to many successes in this particular treatment. Phytochemicals are a group of natural compounds extracted from fruits, vegetables, and plants. Through the downregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs or upregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs, these bioactive compounds can inhibit metastasis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and cancer cells. These natural products can be a novel and alternative strategy for cancer treatment and improve tumor cells’ sensitivity to standard adjuvant therapies. This review will discuss the antineoplastic effects of bioactive plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) via regulation of expression of lncRNAs in various human cancers and their potential for the treatment and prevention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran;
| | - Hamid Khodayari
- International Center for Personalized Medicine, 40235 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.K.)
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Saeed Khodayari
- International Center for Personalized Medicine, 40235 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.K.)
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Miko Vesovic
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Gloria Jackson
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
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8
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Brisotto G, Guerrieri R, Colizzi F, Steffan A, Montico B, Fratta E. Long Noncoding RNAs as Innovative Urinary Diagnostic Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2292:73-94. [PMID: 33651353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1354-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is now widely studied as a promising source of cancer-derived biomarkers because of their role in tumor formation and progression. However, CTCs analysis presents some limitations and no standardized method for CTCs isolation from urine has been defined so far. In fact, besides blood, urine represents an ideal source of noninvasive biomarkers, especially for the early detection of genitourinary tumors. Besides CTCs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been proposed as potential noninvasive biomarkers, and the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of urinary lncRNAs has dramatically increased over the last years, with many studies being published. Therefore, this review provides an update on the clinical utility of urinary lncRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brisotto
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerrieri
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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9
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Hu XT, Xing W, Zhao RS, Tan Y, Wu XF, Ao LQ, Li Z, Yao MW, Yuan M, Guo W, Li SZ, Yu J, Ao X, Xu X. HDAC2 inhibits EMT-mediated cancer metastasis by downregulating the long noncoding RNA H19 in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:270. [PMID: 33267897 PMCID: PMC7709355 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epigenetic mechanisms promote metastasis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important epigenetic regulators. Here, we elucidated a novel role of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in regulating EMT and CRC metastasis via ncRNA. METHODS The expression of HDACs in CRC was analyzed using the public databases and matched primary and metastatic tissues, and CRC cells with different metastatic potentials (DLD1, HCT116, SW480 and SW620). Microarray analysis was used to identify differential genes in parental and HDAC2 knockout CRC cells. EMT and histone modifications were determined using western blot and immunofluorescence. Migration ability was assessed by transwell assay, and metastasis was assessed in vivo using a tail vain injection. Gene expression and regulation was assessed by RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays. Protein interaction was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Specific siRNAs targeting H19, SP1 and MMP14 were used to validate their role in HDAC2 loss induced EMT and metastasis. RESULTS Reduced HDAC2 expression was associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients and found in CRC metastasis. HDAC2 deletion or knockdown induced EMT and metastasis by upregulating the long noncoding RNA H19 (LncRNA H19). HDAC2 inhibited LncRNA H19 expression by histone H3K27 deacetylation in its promoter via binding with SP1. LncRNA H19 functioned as a miR-22-3P sponge to increase the expression of MMP14. HDAC2 loss strongly promoted CRC lung metastasis, which was suppressed LncRNA H19 knockdown. CONCLUSION Our study supports HDAC2 as a CRC metastasis suppressor through the inhibition of EMT and the expression of H19 and MMP14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ting Hu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Sen Zhao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Quan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Wei Yao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Yuan
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Ze Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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Gonçalves BÔP, De Andrade WP, Da Conceição Braga L, Fialho SL, Silva LM. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers are differentially expressed in epithelial cancer cell lines after everolimus treatment. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:158. [PMID: 32934726 PMCID: PMC7471649 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenomenon during which cancer epithelial cells undergo changes in plasticity and lose cell-cell adhesion with consequent remodeling of the extracellular matrix and development of mesenchymal characteristics. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been described as EMT modulation markers, becoming a promising target in the development of new therapies for cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of everolimus at 100 nM as inductor of the EMT phenomenon in cell lines derived from human breast (BT-549), colorectal (RKO-AS45-1) and ovary (TOV-21G) cancer. The integrity of cellular junctions was monitored using an in vitro model of epithelial resistance. The results demonstrated that the EMT genes ZEB1, TWIST1 and TGFB1 were differentially expressed in cells treated with everolimus compared with in untreated cells. lncRNA HOTAIR was upregulated post-treatment only in BT-549 cells compared with in untreated cells. After treatment with everolimus, the intensity of fluorescence of P-cadherin decreased, and that of fibronectin increased in RKO-AS45-1 and TOV-21G cells compared with control cells. The transepithelial electrical resistance at the RKO-AS45-1 monolayer treated with everolimus started to decrease at 48 h. The changes in the gene expression and epithelial resistance may confirm the role of everolimus in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ôrtero Perez Gonçalves
- Cellular Biology, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30510-010, Brazil
| | - Warne Pedro De Andrade
- Hematology and Oncology Nucleus, Grupo Oncoclinicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30140001, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Letícia Da Conceição Braga
- Cellular Biology, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30510-010, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Ligório Fialho
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30510-010, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Silva
- Cellular Biology, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30510-010, Brazil
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Casarotto M, Fanetti G, Guerrieri R, Palazzari E, Lupato V, Steffan A, Polesel J, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Fratta E. Beyond MicroRNAs: Emerging Role of Other Non-Coding RNAs in HPV-Driven Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051246. [PMID: 32429207 PMCID: PMC7281476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) leads to the development of several tumors, including cervical, oropharyngeal, and anogenital squamous cell carcinoma. In the last years, the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed a number of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), distinct from micro RNAs (miRNAs), that are deregulated in HPV-driven cancers, thus suggesting that HPV infection may affect their expression. However, since the knowledge of ncRNAs is still limited, a better understanding of ncRNAs biology, biogenesis, and function may be challenging for improving the diagnosis of HPV infection or progression, and for monitoring the response to therapy of patients affected by HPV-driven tumors. In addition, to establish a ncRNAs expression profile may be instrumental for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Therefore, this review will address novel classes of ncRNAs that have recently started to draw increasing attention in HPV-driven tumors, with a particular focus on ncRNAs that have been identified as a direct target of HPV oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Casarotto
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Fanetti
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (G.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Roberto Guerrieri
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Elisa Palazzari
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (G.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Valentina Lupato
- Division of Otolaryngology, General Hospital “Santa Maria degli Angeli”, 33170 Pordenone, Italy;
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy;
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390434659569
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12
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Wan Y, Li M, Huang P. LINC01296 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by targeting miR-122-5P and modulating EMT activity. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2193-2203. [PMID: 30988624 PMCID: PMC6441465 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the origination and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the biological function of the long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA, LINC01296, in HCC remains unknown. Methods Here, we observed an increase in the expression levels of LINC01296 in HCC tissues and cell lines using reverse transcription quantitative PCR; these data were consistent with that obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Results A higher expression level was correlated with higher alpha fetoprotein levels, a larger tumor size, an advanced TNM stage, and a poorer overall survival rate. Upregulation of LINC01296 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Improvement of cell migration and invasion attributable to the overexpression of LINC01296 was related to an increase in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, miR-122-5P can bind to LINC01296 and decrease its oncogenic effect. Conclusion Collectively, the results of this study revealed that LINC01296 is a tumor promoter that can promote the migration and invasion of HCC cells through EMT, while miR-122-5P is involved in the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wan
- National Key Clinical Department, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Molin Li
- National Key Clinical Department, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ping Huang
- National Key Clinical Department, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, People's Republic of China,
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Evaluation of miRNA-9 and miRNA-34a as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of breast cancer in Iranian women. Gene 2018; 687:272-279. [PMID: 30468908 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs are involved in diverse biological processes and their dysregulation is a common event in various diseases including breast cancer. Breast cancer is a major threat to women's health. This study was designed to examine the expression levels of miR-9 and miR-34a in breast tumor tissue samples and plasma of breast cancer patients, compare their expression pattern between tissue samples and plasma samples of patients and analyze their relationship with tumor clinical features. Also, the potential of these miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of miR-9, miR-34a and CDH1 were measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and ΔΔct method. Data were analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA. The sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The expression levels of miR-9 and miR-34a were significantly down-regulated in tumor tissues compared to healthy tissues (fold change = 0.26, p = 0.0051 for miR-9 and fold change = 0.55, p = 0.021 for miR-34a). While no significant difference was observed in the expression levels of miR-9 (p = 0.205) and miR-34a (p = 0.132) in plasma samples of patients compared to normal plasma. CDH1 expression in tumor tissue was not significantly different from normal tissue (p = 0.33). We found that expression level of miR-9 in patients with tumor size larger than 5 cm (p = 0.026) and expression level of miR-34a in patients with higher stage (lll & lV, p = 0.03) were significantly down-regulated. Also miR-34a expression level was positively correlated with patient's age (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION According to the ROC curves, the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-9 in tissue was 0.71 (p = 0.009) with sensitivity 83.33% and specificity 70.37%. The AUC for miR-34a in tissue was 0.72 (p = 0.007) with sensitivity 72% and specificity 76%. Thus miR-9 and miR-34a have the capability for distinguishing tumor tissues from healthy tissues and the study of their expression levels in tissue may be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer patients from healthy women.
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Ge XJ, Zheng LM, Feng ZX, Li MY, Liu L, Zhao YJ, Jiang JY. H19 contributes to poor clinical features in NSCLC patients and leads to enhanced invasion in A549 cells through regulating miRNA-203-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4480-4488. [PMID: 30214583 PMCID: PMC6126146 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of H19 may contribute towards development of tumorigenesis in various types of cancer. To investigate the role of H19 in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 76 NSCLC tissues samples and their adjacent normal tissue samples were collected. Expression level of H19, and its association with clinicopathological features and overall survival was analyzed. It was found that compared with normal adjacent tissues, H19 expression was elevated in NSCLC tissues along with a decreased miR-203 expression level. It was also found that patients who were in advanced clinical stages had a higher H19 and a lower miR-203 expression compared to normal tissues. The overall survival time of patients with higher H19 expression was shorter compared with the lower H19 expression group. Upregulation of A549 enhanced cell proliferation and promoted invasion. Overexpression of H19 stimulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in lung cancer cells and demonstrated typical morphological characteristics of EMT. The level of mesenchymal marker protein, such as Vimentin and SNAI1 increased; while CDH1 protein level decreased. Also, H19 negatively regulated miR-203. Inhibition of H19 attenuated miR-203 induced EMT process. Upregulation of H19 contributes to poor clinical features in patients with NSCLC, induces occurrence of EMT, promotes proliferation and stimulates cell invasion in NSCLC cell line through regulating miRNA-203 mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Mei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Xin Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Yao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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Duan F, Yang Y, Liu W, Zhao J, Song X, Li L, Li F. Quantifying the prognostic significance of microRNA-17/17-5P in cancers: a meta-analysis based on published studies. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2055-2069. [PMID: 30140158 PMCID: PMC6054760 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s163415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of mircoRNA-17 and mircoRNA-17-5P (miR-17/17-5P) in patients with cancer. Materials and methods We conducted a comprehensive search on published literature following the guidelines of the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology group for design, implementation, and reporting. The methodological qualities for included studies were assessed using the quality in prognosis studies. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival/recurrence-free survival/disease-free survival (PFS/RFS/DFS) were calculated to appraise the associations between miR-17/17-5P expression and cancer prognosis. Results A total of 21 studies involving 2099 subjects were analyzed in evidence synthesis. The results showed that high expression of miR-17 was associated with poor OS (HR=2.14; 95% CI: 1.69-2.71, P<0.001) in patients with cancer, especially in Caucasian (HR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.58-3.14, P<0.001) and digestive tract cancer (HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63, P=0.03), and miR-17 expression was significantly correlated with PFS/RFS in cancer patients (HR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.29-2.22, P<0.001). miR-17-5P overexpression was significantly linked with poor OS in cancer patients (HR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.31-2.09, P=0.00), especially in Asian (HR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.37-2.40, P<0.001), digestive tract cancer (HR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.29-2.50, P<0.001), and serum sample (HR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.29-2.41, P<0.001). miR-17-5P expression was significantly associated with DFS in cancer patients (HR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.07-2.35, P=0.02). Conclusion High expression of miR-17 and miR-17-5P are significantly associated with poor survival in patients with cancer. This indicated that miR-17/17-5P may be a novel prognostic indicator in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiao Duan
- Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China,
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Medical Record Statistics Office, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Center of Telemedicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xiaoqin Song
- Center of Telemedicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Center of Telemedicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Fuqin Li
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Sun Y, Duan F, Liu W, Peng Z, Dai L, Feng Y, Yang Z, Shang J, Wang K. Comprehensive Assessment of the Relationship Between MicroRNA-124 and the Prognostic Significance of Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:252. [PMID: 30062087 PMCID: PMC6055006 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of microRNA-124 abnormalities involving gene expression, methylation, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in multiple and diverse cancers, but the prognostic value of these abnormalities in cancer remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic value of miR-124 in cancer. METHODS We scrutinized the electronic databases and estimate the association between miR-124 expression, methylation and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and prognosis in cancers. The pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (RFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated to estimate the effects of miR-124 expression, methylation, and SNPs on cancer prognosis. The Quality in Prognosis Studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were utilized to assess the quality of included studies. RESULTS A total of 20 studies involving 3,574 participants were analyzed in evidence synthesis. Our findings showed that the low expression of miR-124 was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.91-2.94, P = 0.00; HR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.04-4.70, P = 0.00) and PFS/RFS (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.50-3.26, P = 0.00; HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.20-3.74, P = 0.00). The hyper-methylation of miR-124 was associated with poor OS (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.48-2.95, P = 0.00) and PFS (HR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.72-7.97, P = 0.00) (Table 3). The patients carrying with Allele C of miR-124 rs5315649 had a worse OS (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09-2.07, P = 0.00) and PFS (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.20-2.33, P = 0.00) than the carriers with Allele G. CONCLUSION The low expression and hyper-methylation of miR-124 was strongly associated with poor prognosis, and genetic variations of miR-124 rs531564 affected prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Sun
- Department of Breast and Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fujiao Duan
- Department of Breast and Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Medical Record Statistics Office, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajing Feng
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Breast and Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Infectious Disease, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Miao L, Huang Z, Zengli Z, Li H, Chen Q, Yao C, Cai H, Xiao Y, Xia H, Wang Y. Loss of long noncoding RNA FOXF1-AS1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68339-68349. [PMID: 27577075 PMCID: PMC5356559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression and cancer progression, the understanding of the role of lncRNAs in lung cancer metastasis is still limited. To identify novel lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we profile NSCLC tumor and matched normal samples using GeneChip® Human Gene 2.0 ST Array, which provides the most accurate, sensitive, and comprehensive measurement of protein coding and lncRNA transcripts. We identified a panel of key factors dysregulated in lung cancer. Among them, the expression of FOXF1-AS1 was significantly downregulated in lung cancer. Stable overexpression of FOXF1-AS1 inhibits lung cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating EMT. Meanwhile, loss of FOXF1-AS1 mediates stem-like properties of lung cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that FOXF1-AS1 physically associates with PRC2 components EZH2 and loss of FOXF1-AS1 mediates cell migration and stem-like properties require EZH2. Loss of FOXF1-AS1 is also correlated with downregulation of FOXF1 in lung cancer. These results suggested that FOXF1-AS1 might regulate EMT, stemness and metastasis of NSCLC cells via EZH2, indicating it as a therapeutic target for future treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longgang District Central Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Zhang Zengli
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiufang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenyun Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yonglong Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongping Xia
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Hospital & Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Gao X, Gao X, Li C, Zhang Y, Gao L. Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA uc.338 by siRNA Inhibits Cellular Migration and Invasion in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 24:337-343. [PMID: 27712590 PMCID: PMC7838692 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14666990347671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a critical health concern worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs with ultraconserved elements have recently been implicated in human tumorigenesis. The present study investigated the role of ultraconserved element 338 (uc.338) in the regulation of cell proliferation and metastasis in human lung cancer. Our data showed that the expression of uc.338 in lung cancer was remarkably increased in vivo and in vitro. Depletion of uc.338 with specific siRNA interference retarded the cell proliferative rate in lung cancer cell lines NCI-H929 and H1688. Furthermore, knockdown of uc.338 caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in both cell lines. Transwell assays showed that inhibition of uc.338 notably decreased migration and invasion in NCI-H929 and H1688 cells. Moreover, uc.338 depletion decreased the expression of cyclin B1, Cdc25C, Snail, vimentin, and N-cadherin while increasing the protein level of E-cadherin, shown with Western blot analysis. These results suggested the pro-oncogenic potential of uc.338 in lung cancer, which might provide novel clues for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Tai'an, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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20
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Lee SY, Jeong EK, Ju MK, Jeon HM, Kim MY, Kim CH, Park HG, Han SI, Kang HS. Induction of metastasis, cancer stem cell phenotype, and oncogenic metabolism in cancer cells by ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:10. [PMID: 28137309 PMCID: PMC5282724 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the major tools of cancer treatment, and is widely used for a variety of malignant tumours. Radiotherapy causes DNA damage directly by ionization or indirectly via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby destroying cancer cells. However, ionizing radiation (IR) paradoxically promotes metastasis and invasion of cancer cells by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Metastasis is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy, and is closely linked to the rates of morbidity and mortality of many cancers. ROS have been shown to play important roles in mediating the biological effects of IR. ROS have been implicated in IR-induced EMT, via activation of several EMT transcription factors—including Snail, HIF-1, ZEB1, and STAT3—that are activated by signalling pathways, including those of TGF-β, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, G-CSF, EGFR/PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. Cancer cells that undergo EMT have been shown to acquire stemness and undergo metabolic changes, although these points are debated. IR is known to induce cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including dedifferentiation and self-renewal, and to promote oncogenic metabolism by activating these EMT-inducing pathways. Much accumulated evidence has shown that metabolic alterations in cancer cells are closely associated with the EMT and CSC phenotypes; specifically, the IR-induced oncogenic metabolism seems to be required for acquisition of the EMT and CSC phenotypes. IR can also elicit various changes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) that may affect invasion and metastasis. EMT, CSC, and oncogenic metabolism are involved in radioresistance; targeting them may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, preventing tumour recurrence and metastasis. This study focuses on the molecular mechanisms of IR-induced EMT, CSCs, oncogenic metabolism, and alterations in the TME. We discuss how IR-induced EMT/CSC/oncogenic metabolism may promote resistance to radiotherapy; we also review efforts to develop therapeutic approaches to eliminate these IR-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Eui Kyong Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ju
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Pusan, 619-953, Korea
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.,DNA Identification Center, National Forensic Service, Seoul, 158-707, Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Park
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- The Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
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Yang F, Li Y, Xu L, Zhu Y, Gao H, Zhen L, Fang L. miR-17 as a diagnostic biomarker regulates cell proliferation in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:543-550. [PMID: 28203087 PMCID: PMC5293507 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s127723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the initiation and progression of cancers in the literature. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological role of miR-17 in breast cancer. Materials and methods The expression of miR-17 was measured in 132 breast cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The association between miR-17 expression levels and clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry assays were used to investigate the role of miR-17 in the regulation of breast cancer cells. Results The expression of miR-17 was remarkably increased in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Clinical association analysis revealed that a high expression of miR-17 was prominently associated with poor survival time in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-17 promoted cell proliferation and induced tumor growth. Conclusion Our findings clarified that the upregulation of miR-17 played a vital role in breast cancer progression and suggested that miR-17 could be used as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangliang Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai No 10 People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou
| | - Lin Zhen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai No 10 People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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DNA methylation profile of triple negative breast cancer-specific genes comparing lymph node positive patients to lymph node negative patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33435. [PMID: 27671774 PMCID: PMC5037364 DOI: 10.1038/srep33435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with no targeted treatment available. Our previous study identified 38 TNBC-specific genes with altered expression comparing tumour to normal samples. This study aimed to establish whether DNA methylation contributed to these expression changes in the same cohort as well as disease progression from primary breast tumour to lymph node metastasis associated with changes in the epigenome. We obtained DNA from 23 primary TNBC samples, 12 matched lymph node metastases, and 11 matched normal adjacent tissues and assayed for differential methylation profiles using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. The results were validated in an independent cohort of 70 primary TNBC samples. The expression of 16/38 TNBC-specific genes was associated with alteration in DNA methylation. Novel methylation changes between primary tumours and lymph node metastases, as well as those associated with survival were identified. Altered methylation of 18 genes associated with lymph node metastasis were identified and validated. This study reveals the important role DNA methylation plays in altered gene expression of TNBC-specific genes and lymph node metastases. The novel insights into progression of TNBC to secondary disease may provide potential prognostic indicators for this hard-to-treat breast cancer subtype.
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Shapiro JA. Exploring the read-write genome: mobile DNA and mammalian adaptation. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 52:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1226748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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