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Li X, Luan T, Zhao C, Ling X. Effect of paternal body mass index on maternal and child-health outcomes of singletons after frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective study. HUM FERTIL 2024; 27:2285343. [PMID: 38205607 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2285343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to analyze the effect of paternal body mass index (BMI) on maternal and child-health outcomes of singletons after frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2019 and December 2021. Pregnancy, perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes were compared among different paternal BMI. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between different paternal BMI and pregnancy, obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The paternal normal group was more likely to suffer from gestational hypertension than the paternal obesity group (3.59% vs. 2.42%), and paternal underweight group was more likely to suffer from preeclampsia than the other three groups (11.63% vs. 4.43%, 7.57%, 4.03%). Birthweight among infants in the paternal overweight categories was significantly higher than infants in the paternal normal weight categories. The rate of foetal macrosomia was higher among infants in the paternal overweight (12.36%) category, while lower among infants in the paternal underweight categories (2.33%). The incidence of macrosomia in the paternal overweight categories (aOR 1.527, 95% CI 1.078-2.163) was significantly higher than those normal controls after adjustment for known confounding factors. The rates of LGA babies were higher in the paternal overweight category (aOR 1.260, 95% CI 1.001-1.587) compared with those in the paternal normal weight category, before and after adjustment. The results suggest that parental pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity has an adverse effect on the perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Ling
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Odroniec A, Olszewska M, Kurpisz M. Epigenetic markers in the embryonal germ cell development and spermatogenesis. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:6. [PMID: 36814207 PMCID: PMC9948345 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the process of generation of male reproductive cells from spermatogonial stem cells in the seminiferous epithelium of the testis. During spermatogenesis, key spermatogenic events such as stem cell self-renewal and commitment to meiosis, meiotic recombination, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, followed by cellular and chromatin remodeling of elongating spermatids occur, leading to sperm cell production. All the mentioned events are at least partially controlled by the epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. Additionally, during embryonal development in primordial germ cells, global epigenetic reprogramming of DNA occurs. In this review, we summarized the most important epigenetic modifications in the particular stages of germ cell development, in DNA and histone proteins, starting from primordial germ cells, during embryonal development, and ending with histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeusz Odroniec
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60–479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60–479 Poznan, Poland
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Effect of Paternal Diet on Spermatogenesis and Offspring Health: Focus on Epigenetics and Interventions with Food Bioactive Compounds. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102150. [PMID: 35631291 PMCID: PMC9143121 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a growing public health problem. Consumption of antioxidant bioactive food compounds (BFCs) that include micronutrients and non-nutrients has been highlighted as a potential strategy to protect against oxidative and inflammatory damage in the male reproductive system induced by obesity, alcohol, and toxicants and, thus, improve spermatogenesis and the fertility parameters. Paternal consumption of such dietary compounds could not only benefit the fathers but their offspring as well. Studies in the new field of paternal origins of health and disease show that paternal malnutrition can alter sperm epigenome, and this can alter fetal development and program an increased risk of metabolic diseases and breast cancer in adulthood. BFCs, such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, carnitines, N-acetylcysteine, and coenzyme Q10, have been shown to improve male gametogenesis, modulate epigenetics of germ cells, and the epigenetic signature of the offspring, restoring offspring metabolic health induced by stressors during early life. This indicates that, from a father’s perspective, preconception is a valuable window of opportunity to start potential nutritional interventions with these BFCs to maximize sperm epigenetic integrity and promote adequate fetal growth and development, thus preventing chronic disease in adulthood.
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Guo T, Yang Y, Jia J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, He Y, Zhao J, Peng Z, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y, Yan D, Ma X. Preconception paternal/maternal BMI and risk of small/large for gestational age infant in over 4·7 million Chinese women aged 20-49 years: a population-based cohort study in China. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35184774 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200054x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of couples' BMI and its influence on birth weight is limited and contradictory. Therefore, this study aims to assess the association between couple's preconception BMI and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA)/large for gestational age (LGA) infant, among over 4·7 million couples in a retrospective cohort study based on the National Free Pre-pregnancy Checkups Project between 1 December 2013 and 30 November 2016 in China. Among the live births, 256 718 (5·44 %) SGA events and 506 495 (10·73 %) LGA events were documented, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, underweight men had significantly higher risk (OR 1·17 (95 % CI 1·15, 1·19)) of SGA infants compared with men with normal BMI, while a significant and increased risk of LGA infants was obtained for overweight and obese men (OR 1·08 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·09); OR 1·19 (95 % CI 1·17, 1·20)), respectively. The restricted cubic spline result revealed a non-linear decreasing dose-response relationship of paternal BMI (less than 22·64) with SGA. Meanwhile, a non-linear increasing dose-response relationship of paternal BMI (more than 22·92) with LGA infants was observed. Moreover, similar results about the association between maternal preconception BMI and SGA/LGA infants were obtained. Abnormal preconception BMI in either women or men were associated with increased risk of SGA/LGA infants, respectively. Overall, couple's abnormal weight before pregnancy may be an important preventable risk factor for SGA/LGA infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglei Guo
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Building 18, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, 100730Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Jia
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Building 18, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, 100730Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Building 18, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, 100730Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Building 18, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, 100730Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoqi Peng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the PRC, No. 1, Xizhimenwai South Road, Xicheng District, 100044Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the PRC, No. 1, Xizhimenwai South Road, Xicheng District, 100044Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the PRC, No. 1, Xizhimenwai South Road, Xicheng District, 100044Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the PRC, No. 1, Xizhimenwai South Road, Xicheng District, 100044Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, No. 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, 100081Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Building 18, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, 100730Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chen R, Chen L, Liu Y, Wang F, Wang S, Huang Y, Hu KL, Fan Y, Liu R, Zhang R, Zhang D. Association of parental prepregnancy BMI with neonatal outcomes and birth defect in fresh embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:793. [PMID: 34836492 PMCID: PMC8627045 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parental body mass index (BMI) is associated with pregnancy outcomes. But the effect of parental prepregnancy BMI on offspring conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), especially the birth defect, remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the associations of parental prepregnancy BMI with neonatal outcomes and birth defect in fresh embryo transfer cycles. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 5741 couples in their first fresh IVF/ICSI cycles admitted to Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2013 to July 2016. The primary outcome was birth defects, which was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Secondary outcomes included preterm delivery rate, infant gender, birth weight, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA). Multilevel regression analyses were used to assess the associations of parental prepregnancy BMI with neonatal outcomes and birth defect. Results In singletons, couples with prepregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had higher odds of LGA than those with BMI < 25 kg/m2. The birth defect rate was significantly higher when paternal prepregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 in IVF cycles (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.06–3.10) and maternal BMI ≥25 kg/m2 in ICSI cycles (aOR 4.89, 95% CI 1.45–16.53). For subcategories of birth defects, only the odds of congenital malformations of musculoskeletal system was significantly increased in IVF offspring with paternal BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (aOR 4.55, 95% CI 1.32–15.71). For twins, there was no significant difference among four groups, except for the lower birth weight of IVF female infants. Conclusions Parental prepregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 is associated with higher incidence of LGA in IVF/ICSI singletons. Paternal prepregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was likely to have higher risk of birth defect in IVF offspring than those with BMI < 25 kg/m2, particularly in the musculoskeletal system. It is essential for overweight or obesity couples to lose weight before IVF/ICSI treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-04261-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Lun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzhi Fan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruoyan Liu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runjv Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.,Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China. .,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Ma M, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liang Z, Kuang Y, Wang Y. Effect of paternal body mass index on neonatal outcomes of singletons after frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: analysis of 7,908 singleton newborns. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:1215-1223.e1. [PMID: 32402450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of paternal body mass index (BMI) on neonatal outcomes of singletons after frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary-care academic medical center. PATIENT(S) A total of 7,908 singleton newborns were divided into four categories based on their paternal BMI: 284 (3.6%) infants were in the paternal underweight category, 4,678 (59.2%) infants were in the paternal normal weight category, 2,585 (32.7%) infants were in the paternal overweight category, and 361 (4.6%) infants were in the paternal obesity category. In addition, we included only infants of women with normal BMI (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Neonatal outcomes. RESULT(S) The rates of large for gestational age (LGA) infants were significantly higher among those in the paternal overweight and obesity categories than those in the paternal underweight categories. The rates of very LGA were higher among infants in the paternal overweight categories and lower among infants in the paternal underweight categories than the rates in normal controls. The rates of fetal macrosomia were higher among infants in the paternal overweight categories than among infants in the paternal normal weight categories. Compared with normal controls, Z-scores (gestational age- and sex-adjusted birthweight) were significantly higher among the infants in the paternal overweight and paternal obesity categories and significantly lower among the infants in the paternal underweight categories. A positive association was observed in a multiple linear regression model between paternal BMI and newborn birthweights after adjustment for several potential confounders. CONCLUSION(S) Paternal BMI had an independent impact on the birthweight of singletons born after FET cycles. Paternal overweight and paternal obesity were independent risk factors for having LGA infants after FET cycles. Furthermore, paternal overweight was an independent risk factor for fathering infants with macrosomia or very LGA infants after FET cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Liang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Liver metabolism in adult male mice offspring: consequences of a maternal, paternal or both maternal and paternal high-fructose diet. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:450-459. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the consequences of the consumption of a high-fructose diet (HFR; fructose was responsible for 45% of the energy from carbohydrates) by the mother, the father, or both on C57BL/6 adult male offspring. Non-consanguineous parents received the diet (HFR or control, C) from 8 weeks before mating until weaning (n=10 fathers and n=10 mothers on each diet). After weaning, only the C diet was offered to offspring. The groups were formed by one male randomly taken from each litter. The offspring groups were identified according to the mother’s diet (the first letter), then the father’s diet (the second letter), that is, C/C, C/HFR, HFR/C, HFR/HFR (n=10 per group). The parents exhibited the following characteristics: compared with those of the C group, the HFR parents had higher blood pressure (BP), enlarged liver, increased hepatic triacylglycerol content, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high plasma leptin and low adiponectin. The offspring exhibited the following characteristics: compared with the C/C group, the HFR/HFR group had high BP. The C/HFR, HFR/C and HFR/HFR showed elevated uric acid and leptin levels and diminished adiponectin. The HFR/HFR group showed liver inflammation (increased NFκB, SOCS3, JNK, TNF-α, IL1-β and IL6 levels). Likewise, SREBP-1c and FAS were upregulated. In conclusion, the consumption of a HFR by the mother and/or father is associated with adverse effects on liver metabolism in adult male offspring. When both mother and father are fed a HFR, the adverse effects on the offspring are more severe.
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Ornellas F, Carapeto PV, Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Obese fathers lead to an altered metabolism and obesity in their children in adulthood: review of experimental and human studies. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ornellas F, Carapeto PV, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Obese fathers lead to an altered metabolism and obesity in their children in adulthood: review of experimental and human studies. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:551-559. [PMID: 28822233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the recent literature on paternal obesity, focusing on the possible mechanisms of transmission of the phenotypes from the father to the children. SOURCES A non-systematic review in the PubMed database found few publications in which paternal obesity was implicated in the adverse transmission of characteristics to offspring. Specific articles on epigenetics were also evaluated. As the subject is recent and still controversial, all articles were considered regardless of year of publication. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Studies in humans and animals have established that paternal obesity impairs their hormones, metabolism, and sperm function, which can be transmitted to their offspring. In humans, paternal obesity results in insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and increased levels of cortisol in umbilical cord blood, which increases the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Notably, there is an association between body fat in parents and the prevalence of obesity in their daughters. In animals, paternal obesity led to offspring alterations on glucose-insulin homeostasis, hepatic lipogenesis, hypothalamus/feeding behavior, kidney of the offspring; it also impairs the reproductive potential of male offspring with sperm oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. An explanation for these observations (human and animal) is epigenetics, considered the primary tool for the transmission of phenotypes from the father to offspring, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA. CONCLUSIONS Paternal obesity can induce programmed phenotypes in offspring through epigenetics. Therefore, it can be considered a public health problem, affecting the children's future life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ornellas
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Centro Biomédico, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila V Carapeto
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Centro Biomédico, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Centro Biomédico, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcia B Aguila
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Centro Biomédico, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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