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Luettich K, Sharma M, Yepiskoposyan H, Breheny D, Lowe FJ. An Adverse Outcome Pathway for Decreased Lung Function Focusing on Mechanisms of Impaired Mucociliary Clearance Following Inhalation Exposure. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:750254. [PMID: 35295103 PMCID: PMC8915806 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.750254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) help to organize available mechanistic information related to an adverse outcome into key events (KEs) spanning all organizational levels of a biological system(s). AOPs, therefore, aid in the biological understanding of a particular pathogenesis and also help with linking exposures to eventual toxic effects. In the regulatory context, knowledge of disease mechanisms can help design testing strategies using in vitro methods that can measure or predict KEs relevant to the biological effect of interest. The AOP described here evaluates the major processes known to be involved in regulating efficient mucociliary clearance (MCC) following exposures causing oxidative stress. MCC is a key aspect of the innate immune defense against airborne pathogens and inhaled chemicals and is governed by the concerted action of its functional components, the cilia and airway surface liquid (ASL). The AOP network described here consists of sequences of KEs that culminate in the modulation of ciliary beat frequency and ASL height as well as mucus viscosity and hence, impairment of MCC, which in turn leads to decreased lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hasmik Yepiskoposyan
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Breheny
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Frazer J Lowe
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Earby, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Brambilla I, Manti S, Savasta S, Valsecchi C, Caimmi SME, Marseglia GL, Licari A. Adenoidal Immune Response in the Context of Inflammation and Allergy. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666190703110843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:The mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues of the upper respiratory tract, including adenoids and palatine tonsils, are considered as the first line of defense against respiratory infections, being important effector organs in both mucosal-type and systemic-type adaptive immunity. They are strategically located for mediating both local and regional immune functions, as they are exposed to antigens from both the inhaled air (allergens and pathogens) and the alimentary tract. Adenoids play a major role in the early and effective immune responses against viral and bacterial upper airway infections, as well as in the development of allergic reactions to respiratory allergens, being influenced by several environmental antigens and pollutants, such as tobacco smoke. In addition, recent studies have focused on new immune-modulating strategies for adenoidal cells as a preventive and therapeutic approach for chronic upper airways inflammation.:Herein, we aimed to summarize what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating adenoidal immune responses in the context of inflammation and allergy, with particular reference to scientific literature published within the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Brambilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Kuek LE, Griffin P, Martinello P, Graham AN, Kalitsis P, Robinson PJ, Mackay GA. Identification of an Immortalized Human Airway Epithelial Cell Line with Dyskinetic Cilia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:375-382. [PMID: 29481304 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0188oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an inherited, currently incurable condition. In the respiratory system, primary ciliary dyskinesia causes impaired functioning of the mucociliary escalator, leading to nasal congestion, cough, and recurrent otitis media, and commonly progresses to cause more serious and permanent damage, including hearing deficits, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. New treatment options for the condition are thus necessary. In characterizing an immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (BCi-NS1.1) grown at an air-liquid interface to permit differentiation, we have identified that these cells have dyskinetic motile cilia. The cells had a normal male karyotype, and phenotypic markers of epithelial cell differentiation emerged, as previously shown. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) as assessed by high-speed videomicroscopy was lower than normal (4.4 Hz). Although changes in CBF induced by known modulators were as expected, the cilia displayed a dyskinetic, circular beat pattern characteristic of central microtubular agenesis with outer doublet transposition. This ultrastructural defect was confirmed by electron microscopy. We propose that the BCi-NS1.1 cell line is a useful model system for examination of modulators of CBF and more specifically could be used to screen for novel drugs with the ability to enhance CBF and perhaps repair a dyskinetic ciliary beat pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Eon Kuek
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and.,2 Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Griffin
- 3 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Diagnostic Service and.,4 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Alison N Graham
- 4 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Kalitsis
- 5 Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and.,4 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Robinson
- 3 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Diagnostic Service and.,5 Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and.,4 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham A Mackay
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and.,2 Lung Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Tasena H, Faiz A, Timens W, Noordhoek J, Hylkema MN, Gosens R, Hiemstra PS, Spira A, Postma DS, Tew GW, Grimbaldeston MA, van den Berge M, Heijink IH, Brandsma CA. microRNA-mRNA regulatory networks underlying chronic mucus hypersecretion in COPD. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01556-2017. [PMID: 30072506 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01556-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is a common feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with worse prognosis and quality of life. This study aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA regulatory networks underlying CMH.The expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in bronchial biopsies from 63 COPD patients were associated with CMH using linear regression. Potential mRNA targets of each CMH-associated miRNA were identified using Pearson correlations. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and STRING (search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins) analysis were used to identify key genes and pathways.20 miRNAs and 539 mRNAs were differentially expressed with CMH in COPD. The expression of 10 miRNAs was significantly correlated with the expression of one or more mRNAs. Of these, miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p and the let-7 family had the highest representation of CMH-associated mRNAs among their negatively correlated predicted targets. KRAS and EDN1 were identified as key regulators of CMH and were negatively correlated predicted targets of miR-134-5p and let-7a-5p, let-7d-5p, and let-7f-5p, respectively. GSEA suggested involvement of MUC5AC-related genes and several other relevant gene sets in CMH. The lower expression of miR-134-5p was confirmed in primary airway fibroblasts from COPD patients with CMH.We identified miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p and let-7 family, along with their potential target genes including KRAS and EDN1, as potential key miRNA-mRNA networks regulating CMH in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataitip Tasena
- Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobien Noordhoek
- Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Avrum Spira
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaik W Tew
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Maarten van den Berge
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,These authors contributed equally
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