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Azrad-Leibovich T, Zahavi A, Gohas MF, Brookman M, Barinfeld O, Muhsinoglu O, Michowiz S, Fixler D, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Characterization of Diabetic Retinopathy in Two Mouse Models and Response to a Single Injection of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010324. [PMID: 36613769 PMCID: PMC9820807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized diabetic retinopathy in two mouse models and the response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection. The study was conducted in 58 transgenic, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with spontaneous type 1 diabetes (n = 30, DMT1-NOD) or chemically induced (n = 28, streptozotocin, STZ-NOD) type 1 diabetes and 20 transgenic db/db mice with type 2 diabetes (DMT2-db/db); 30 NOD and 8 wild-type mice served as controls. Mice were examined at 21 days for vasculopathy, retinal thickness, and expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, angiogenesis, gliosis, and diabetes. The right eye was histologically examined one week after injection of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, saline, or no treatment. Flat mounts revealed microaneurysms and one apparent area of tufts of neovascularization in the diabetic retina. Immunostaining revealed activation of Müller glia and prominent Müller cells. Mean retinal thickness was greater in diabetic mice. RAGE increased and GFAP decreased in DMT1-NOD mice; GFAP and SOX-9 mildly increased in db/db mice. Anti-VEGF treatment led to reduced retinal thickness. Retinas showed vasculopathy and edema in DMT1-NOD and DMT2-db/db mice and activation of Müller glia in DMT1-NOD mice, with some response to anti-VEGF treatment. Given the similarity of diabetic retinopathy in mice and humans, comparisons of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models may assist in the development of new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azrad-Leibovich
- Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alon Zahavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Laboratory of Eye Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Moran Friedman Gohas
- Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Myles Brookman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Orit Barinfeld
- Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Orkun Muhsinoglu
- Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Shalom Michowiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechonology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5200100, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center of Israel, Haifa 3339419, Israel
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-(24)-8359554
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Role of Bevacizumab on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice after Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084162. [PMID: 35456980 PMCID: PMC9024601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is believed to play a key role in TBI and to be overexpressed in the absence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, demonstrated neuroprotective activity in several models of TBI. However, the effects of bevacizumab on Apo-E deficient mice are not well studied. The present study aimed to evaluate VEGF expression and the effects of bevacizumab on BBB and neuroinflammation in ApoE−/− mice undergoing TBI. Furthermore, for the first time, this study evaluates the effects of bevacizumab on the long-term consequences of TBI, such as atherosclerosis. The results showed that motor deficits induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) were accompanied by increased brain edema and VEGF expression. Treatment with bevacizumab significantly improved motor deficits and significantly decreased VEGF levels, as well as brain edema compared to the control group. Furthermore, the results showed that bevacizumab preserves the integrity of the BBB and reduces the neuroinflammation induced by TBI. Regarding the effects of bevacizumab on atherosclerosis, it was observed for the first time that its ability to modulate VEGF in the acute phase of head injury prevents the acceleration of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study demonstrates not only the neuroprotective activity of bevacizumab but also its action on the vascular consequences related to TBI.
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Ala M, Mohammad Jafari R, Dehpour AR. Sildenafil beyond erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Thinking about new indications. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:235-259. [PMID: 33226665 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil, approved two decades ago, is the inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). First of all, it was designated for angina pectoris, but soon it showed a wonderful efficacy in erectile dysfunction (ED) and then pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Due to the distribution of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in almost all organs, maybe it effects other diseases. Hence, a great number of investigations began to understand the role of PDEi in different organs. Preliminary research on sildenafil in cell culture and animal models has yielded promising results. Soon, a greater number of animal researches and clinical trials joined them. The results disclosed sildenafil can have beneficial effects in each organ such as heart, liver, kidney, brain, and intestines. Furthermore, it has significantly improved the prognosis of organ ischemia in various animal models. Clinical trials in several diseases, such as recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, fatty liver disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), heart failure, and premature ejaculation (PE) brought promising results. Although some clinical trials are available on the effects of sildenafil on various diseases, further studies on humans are needed to consolidate the ultimate effects of sildenafil. The aim of this review was to describe the effects of sildenafil on each organ and explain its mechanisms of action. Further, other PDE inhibitors such as tadalafil and vardenafil have been briefly discussed in parts of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13145-784, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13145-784, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13145-784, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13145-784, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13145-784, Iran
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Zahavi A, Weiss S, Vieyra M, Nicholson JD, Muhsinoglu O, Barinfeld O, Zadok D, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Ocular Effects of Sildenafil in Naïve Mice and a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Crush. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:1987-1995. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Zahavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shirel Weiss
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Mark Vieyra
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James D. Nicholson
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Orkun Muhsinoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Orit Barinfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - David Zadok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Guclu O, Guclu H, Huseyin S, Korkmaz S, Yuksel V, Canbaz S, Pelitli Gurlu V. Retinal ganglion cell complex and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses following carotid endarterectomy. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 39:1523-1531. [PMID: 29936686 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine changes in retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in contralateral and ipsilatateral eyes of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) patients before and after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with CAS (70-99% stenosis rate) who underwent CEA were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The indication for CEA was based on the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography were performed to calculate CAS. All the subjects underwent an ophthalmological examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and OCT before and after the surgery. RESULTS The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 15.2 ± 2.1 mmHg in the ipsilateral eye and 15.8 ± 2.7 in the contralateral eye. The mean postoperative intraocular pressure in the ipsilateral and contralateral eye was 18.6 ± 3.0 and 19.3 ± 3.8, respectively. The intraocular pressure was significantly higher in postoperative eyes (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant decrease in peripapillary RNFL thickness in superior quadrants postoperatively in ipsilateral eyes. The retinal GCC layer thickness was not significantly different before and after CEA in ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. CONCLUSIONS Carotid endarterectomy results in thinning of the superior peripapillary RNFL thickness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine peripapillary RNFL and GCC thicknesses before and after CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkut Guclu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Hande Guclu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serhat Huseyin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Korkmaz
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Volkan Yuksel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Suat Canbaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Pelitli Gurlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Ölmestig JN, Marlet IR, Hainsworth AH, Kruuse C. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Cell Signal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hydrocephalus after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8584753. [PMID: 28373987 PMCID: PMC5360938 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8584753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus (HCP) is a common complication in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this review, we summarize the advanced research on HCP and discuss the understanding of the molecular originators of HCP and the development of diagnoses and remedies of HCP after SAH. It has been reported that inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress are the important causes of HCP, and well-known molecules including transforming growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, and iron terminally lead to fibrosis and blockage of HCP. Potential medicines for HCP are still in preclinical status, and surgery is the most prevalent and efficient therapy, despite respective risks of different surgical methods, including lamina terminalis fenestration, ventricle-peritoneal shunting, and lumbar-peritoneal shunting. HCP remains an ailment that cannot be ignored and even with various solutions the medical community is still trying to understand and settle why and how it develops and accordingly improve the prognosis of these patients with HCP.
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