1
|
Mekkawy MK, Kamel AK, Thomas MM, Ashaat EA, Zaki MS, Eid OM, Ismail S, Hammad SA, Megahed H, ElAwady H, Refaat KM, Hussien S, Helmy N, Abd Allah SG, Mohamed AM, El Ruby MO. Clinical and genetic characterization of ten Egyptian patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and review of literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1546. [PMID: 33217222 PMCID: PMC8077161 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) (OMIM 194190) is a multiple congenital anomalies/intellectual disability syndrome. It is caused by partial loss of genetic material from the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome. Methods We studied the phenotype–genotype correlation. Results We present the clinical manifestations and cytogenetic results of 10 unrelated Egyptian patients with 4p deletions. Karyotyping, FISH and MLPA was performed for screening for microdeletion syndromes. Array CGH was done for two patients. All patients exhibited the cardinal clinical manifestation of WHS. FISH proved deletion of the specific WHS locus in all patients. MLPA detected microdeletion of the specific locus in two patients with normal karyotypes, while array CGH, performed for two patients, has delineated the extent of the deleted segments and the involved genes. LETM1, the main candidate gene for the seizure phenotype, was found deleted in the two patients tested by array CGH; nevertheless, one of them did not manifest seizures. The study emphasized the previous. Conclusion WHS is a contiguous gene syndrome resulting from hemizygosity of the terminal 2 Mb of 4p16.3 region. The Branchial fistula, detected in one of our patients is a new finding that, to our knowledge, was not reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Mekkawy
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa K Kamel
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Thomas
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Ismail
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saida A Hammad
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hisham Megahed
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba ElAwady
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum unIversity, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Refaat
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Hussien
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivine Helmy
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally G Abd Allah
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Mohamed
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona O El Ruby
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paz-Y-Miño C, Proaño A, Verdezoto SD, García JL, Hernández-Rivas JM, Leone PE. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in a patient with ring chromosome 4: case report and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:167. [PMID: 32293439 PMCID: PMC7087353 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 1969, 49 cases have been presented on ring chromosome 4. All of these cases have been characterized for the loss of genetic material. The genes located in these chromosomal regions are related to the phenotype. Case presentation A 10-year-old Ecuadorian Mestizo girl with ring chromosome 4 was clinically, cytogenetically and molecularly analysed. Clinical examination revealed congenital anomalies, including microcephaly, prominent nose, micrognathia, low set ears, bilateral clinodactyly of the fifth finger, small sacrococcygeal dimple, short stature and mental retardation. Cytogenetic studies showed a mosaic karyotype, mos 46,XX,r(4)(p16.3q35.2)/46,XX, with a ring chromosome 4 from 75 to 79% in three studies conducted over ten years. These results were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Loss of 1.7 Mb and gain of 342 kb in 4p16.3 and loss of 3 Mb in 4q35.2 were identified by high-resolution mapping array. Conclusion Most cases with ring chromosome 4 have deletion of genetic material in terminal regions; however, our case has inv dup del rearrangement in the ring chromosome formation. Heterogeneous clinical features in all cases reviewed are related to the amount of genetic material lost or gained. The application of several techniques can increase our knowledge of ring chromosome 4 and its deviations from typical “ring syndrome.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Ana Proaño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stella D Verdezoto
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Luis García
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-SACYL-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paola E Leone
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pristyazhnyuk IE, Menzorov AG. Ring chromosomes: from formation to clinical potential. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:439-449. [PMID: 28894962 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ring chromosomes (RCs) are circular DNA molecules, which occur rarely in eukaryotic nuclear genomes. Lilian Vaughan Morgan first described them in the fruit fly. Human embryos very seldom have RCs, about 1:50,000. Carriers of RCs may have varying degrees of symptoms, from healthy phenotype to serious pathologies in physical and intellectual development. Many authors describe common symptoms of RC presence: short stature and some developmental delay that could be described as a "ring chromosome syndrome." As a rule, RCs arise de novo through the end-joining of two DNA double-strand breaks, telomere-subtelomere junction, or inv dup del rearrangement in both meiosis and mitosis. There are family cases of RC inheritance. The presence of RCs causes numerous secondary chromosome rearrangements in vivo and in vitro. RCs can change their size, become lost, or increase their copy number and cause additional deletions, duplication, and translocations, affecting both RCs and other chromosomes. In this review, we examine RC inheritance, instability, mechanisms of formation, and potential clinical applications of artificially created RCs for large-scale chromosome rearrangement treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna E Pristyazhnyuk
- Sector of Genomic Mechanisms of Ontogenesis, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
| | - Aleksei G Menzorov
- Sector of Cell Collections, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| |
Collapse
|