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Moretti M, Farina A, Angeloni A, Anastasi E. Emerging horizons on molecular and circulating biomarkers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1483306. [PMID: 39575418 PMCID: PMC11578827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1483306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive and invasive type of pancreatic cancer and is expected to soon become the second leading cause of cancer-associated death. The high mortality rate is due to the clinical features that allow asymptomatic progression to advanced stages, a period when current therapeutic treatments have limited efficacy. To address these challenges, researchers are focused on identifying new molecular and circulating markers for early PDAC detection and precision medicine. In this mini-review, we report the most well-known and recently identified molecular and circulating biomarkers. This study aimed to emphasize the need for continued innovative research to develop diagnostic algorithms and therapies to improve the management of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela Anastasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Chen L, Ding Q, Chen D, Liu G, Zhang X, Huang Q, Zhang D, Weng S. Contrast-enhanced CT radiomics combined with multiple machine learning algorithms for preoperative identification of lymph node metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1342317. [PMID: 39346735 PMCID: PMC11427235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1342317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This research aimed to assess the value of radiomics combined with multiple machine learning algorithms in the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) lymph node (LN) metastasis, which is expected to provide clinical treatment strategies. Methods A total of 128 patients with pathologically confirmed PDAC and who underwent surgical resection were randomized into training (n=93) and validation (n=35) groups. This study incorporated a total of 13 distinct machine learning algorithms and explored 85 unique combinations of these algorithms. The area under the curve (AUC) of each model was computed. The model with the highest mean AUC was selected as the best model which was selected to determine the radiomics score (Radscore). The clinical factors were examined by the univariate and multivariate analysis, which allowed for the identification of factors suitable for clinical modeling. The multivariate logistic regression was used to create a combined model using Radscore and clinical variables. The diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Among the 233 models constructed using arterial phase (AP), venous phase (VP), and AP+VP radiomics features, the model built by applying AP+VP radiomics features and a combination of Lasso+Logistic algorithm had the highest mean AUC. A clinical model was eventually constructed using CA199 and tumor size. The combined model consisted of AP+VP-Radscore and two clinical factors that showed the best diagnostic efficiency in the training (AUC = 0.920) and validation (AUC = 0.866) cohorts. Regarding preoperative diagnosis of LN metastasis, the calibration curve and DCA demonstrated that the combined model had a good consistency and greatest net benefit. Conclusions Combining radiomics and machine learning algorithms demonstrated the potential for identifying the LN metastasis of PDAC. As a non-invasive and efficient preoperative prediction tool, it can be beneficial for decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingzhu Ding
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dehua Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guozhong Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Denghan Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shangeng Weng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Malignant Tumors Precise Treatment of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Cobo-Prieto D, De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, De Castro-Martinez P, Pekarek L, Gragera R, Hernández-Fernández M, Guijarro LG, Toledo-Lobo MDV, López-González L, Díaz-Pedrero R, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Saez MA, Ortega MA. Abnormal Histopathological Expression of Klotho, Ferroptosis, and Circadian Clock Regulators in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Implications and Correlation Analyses. Biomolecules 2024; 14:947. [PMID: 39199335 PMCID: PMC11353028 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely lethal tumor with increasing incidence, presenting numerous clinical challenges. The histopathological examination of novel, unexplored biomarkers offers a promising avenue for research, with significant translational potential for improving patient outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of ferroptosis markers (TFRC, ALOX-5, ACSL-4, and GPX-4), circadian clock regulators (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2), and KLOTHO in a retrospective cohort of 41 patients deceased by PDAC. Immunohistochemical techniques (IHC) and multiple statistical analyses (Kaplan-Meier curves, correlograms, and multinomial linear regression models) were performed. Our findings reveal that ferroptosis markers are directly associated with PDAC mortality, while circadian regulators and KLOTHO are inversely associated. Notably, TFRC emerged as the strongest risk marker associated with mortality (HR = 35.905), whereas CLOCK was identified as the most significant protective marker (HR = 0.01832). Correlation analyses indicate that ferroptosis markers are positively correlated with each other, as are circadian regulators, which also positively correlate with KLOTHO expression. In contrast, KLOTHO and circadian regulators exhibit inverse correlations with ferroptosis markers. Among the clinical variables examined, only the presence of chronic pathologies showed an association with the expression patterns of several proteins studied. These findings underscore the complexity of PDAC pathogenesis and highlight the need for further research into the specific molecular mechanisms driving disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - David Cobo-Prieto
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Patricia De Castro-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Raquel Gragera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - María Del Val Toledo-Lobo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura López-González
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Raul Díaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Prince of Asturias, Networking Research Center on for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Gómez-Ulla, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
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4
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Ortega MA, Jiménez-Álvarez L, Fraile-Martinez O, Garcia-Montero C, Guijarro LG, Pekarek L, Barrena-Blázquez S, Asúnsolo Á, López-González L, Toledo-Lobo MDV, Álvarez-Mon M, Saez MA, Gutiérrez-Calvo A, Díaz-Pedrero R. Prognostic Value of Histone Acetyl Transferase 1 (HAT-1) and Inflammatory Signatures in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3839-3865. [PMID: 38785507 PMCID: PMC11119917 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a type of gastrointestinal tumor with a growing incidence and mortality worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes 90% of cases, and late-stage diagnosis is common, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% in high-income countries. The use of biomarkers has different proven translational applications, facilitating early diagnosis, accurate prognosis and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Several studies have shown a correlation between the tissue expression levels of various molecules, measured through immunohistochemistry (IHC), and survival rates in PDAC. Following the hallmarks of cancer, epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, together with immune evasion and tumor-promoted inflammation, plays a critical role in cancer initiation and development. In this study, we aim to explore via IHC and Kaplan-Meier analyses the prognostic value of various epigenetic-related markers (histones 3 and 4 (H3/H4), histone acetyl transferase 1 (HAT-1), Anti-Silencing Function 1 protein (ASF1), Nuclear Autoantigenic Sperm Protein (NASP), Retinol Binding Protein 7 (RBBP7), importin 4 (IPO4) and IPO5), metabolic regulators (Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM)) and inflammatory mediators (allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12A and IL-18) in patients with PDAC. Also, through a correlation analysis, we have explored the possible interconnections in the expression levels of these molecules. Our results show that higher expression levels of these molecules are directly associated with poorer survival rates in PDAC patients, except in the case of IL-10, which shows an inverse association with mortality. HAT1 was the molecule more clearly associated with mortality, with a hazard risk of 21.74. The correlogram demonstrates an important correlation between almost all molecules studied (except in the case of IL-18), highlighting potential interactions between these molecules. Overall, our study demonstrates the relevance of including different markers from IHC techniques in order to identify unexplored molecules to develop more accurate prognosis methods and possible targeted therapies. Additionally, our correlation analysis reveals potential interactions among these markers, offering insights into PDAC's pathogenesis and paving the way for targeted therapies tailored to individual patient profiles. Future studies should be conducted to confirm the prognostic value of these components in PDAC in a broader sample size, as well as to evaluate the possible biological networks connecting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (S.B.-B.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Álvarez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (S.B.-B.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (S.B.-B.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Cielo Garcia-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (S.B.-B.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (S.B.-B.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, University of New York, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Laura López-González
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Val Toledo-Lobo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (S.B.-B.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (S.B.-B.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gutiérrez-Calvo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Díaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (L.P.); (Á.A.); (L.L.-G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Asplund E, Bergqvist M, Krook M, Löhr JM. Plasma thymidine kinase activity as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a single-center prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1044-1048. [PMID: 37038772 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2198057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients might benefit from a biomarker to more precisely prognosticate their overall survival to make more informed treatment and surveillance decisions. The aim of the study was to assess the circulating biomarker Thymidine kinase (TK) activity in samples from patients with PDAC to improve prognostic precision. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the sensitive TK activity (TKa) assay DiviTum®, serum samples from 60 PDAC patients were analyzed. RESULTS Median TKa value for patients with PDAC was 931 Du/L. TK activity <931 and CA19-9 < 37 was prognostic for a longer survival, compared to patients with any or both TK activity >931 and CA19-9 > 37, with median 41.3 vs 8.6 months from sample to death (p < 0.001), and 3-year survival was 55.6% vs 8.9% (p < 0.001). Hazard ratio was 2.81 if any or both of TK or CA19-9 were above the cut-off value (p < 0.05). TKa in combination with CA19-9 outperforms each marker individually for prediction of survival. Overall survival is longer in patients with both TKa <931 Du/L and CA19-9 < 37. Further studies of TKa levels at different disease stages and correlation to outcome is warranted to find the full potential clinical usage of the TKa marker in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Asplund
- Department of Upper Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maura Krook
- Department of Upper Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-Matthias Löhr
- Department of Upper Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Papadakos SP, Dedes N, Pergaris A, Gazouli M, Theocharis S. Exosomes in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Moonshot to PDAC Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3620. [PMID: 35408980 PMCID: PMC8998433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes a leading cause of cancer death globally. Its mortality remains unaltered despite the considerable scientific progress made in the fields of diagnostics and treatment. Exosomes comprise of small extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all cells; their cargo contains a vast array of biomolecules, such as proteins and microRNAs. It is currently established that their role as messengers is central to a plethora of both physiologic and pathologic processes. Accumulating data have shed light on their contributions to carcinogenesis, metastasis, and immunological response. Meanwhile, the advancement of personalized targeted therapies into everyday clinical practice necessitates the development of cost-efficient treatment approaches. The role of exosomes is currently being extensively investigated towards this direction. This review aims to summarize the current pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the effects of exosomal applications in the timely diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Dedes
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
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7
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Mohseni G, Li J, Ariston Gabriel AN, Du L, Wang YS, Wang C. The Function of cGAS-STING Pathway in Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781032. [PMID: 34858438 PMCID: PMC8630697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway has been suggested to promote the immune responses against malignancy. STING is activated in response to the detection of cytosolic DNA and can induce type I interferons and link innate immunity with the adaptive immune system. Due to accretive evidence demonstrating that the STING pathway regulates the immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), STING as a cancer biotherapy has attracted considerable attention. Pancreatic cancer, with a highly immunosuppressive TME, remains fatal cancer. STING has been applied to the treatment of pancreatic cancer through distinct strategies. This review reveals the role of STING signalling on pancreatic tumors and other diseases related to the pancreas. We then discuss new advances of STING in either monotherapy or combination methods for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Gebauer L, Moltz JH, Mühlberg A, Holch JW, Huber T, Enke J, Jäger N, Haas M, Kruger S, Boeck S, Sühling M, Katzmann A, Hahn H, Kunz WG, Heinemann V, Nörenberg D, Maurus S. Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers of the Whole Liver Tumor Burden Improve Survival Prediction in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225732. [PMID: 34830885 PMCID: PMC8616514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Finding prognostic biomarkers and associated models with high accuracy in patients with pancreatic cancer remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the combination of quantitative imaging biomarkers based on geometric and radiomics analysis of whole liver tumor burden and established clinical parameters improves the prediction of survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. In this retrospective study a total of 75 patients with pancreatic cancer and liver metastases were analyzed. Segmentations of whole liver tumor burden from baseline contrast-enhanced CT images were used to derive different quantitative imaging biomarkers. For comparison, we chose two clinical prognostic models from the literature. We found that a combined clinical and imaging-based model has a significantly higher predictive performance to discriminate survival than the underlying clinical models alone (p < 0.003). Abstract Finding prognostic biomarkers with high accuracy in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a challenging problem. To improve the prediction of survival and to investigate the relevance of quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIB) we combined QIB with established clinical parameters. In this retrospective study a total of 75 patients with metastatic PC and liver metastases were analyzed. Segmentations of whole liver tumor burden (WLTB) from baseline contrast-enhanced CT images were used to derive QIBs. The benefits of QIBs in multivariable Cox models were analyzed in comparison with two clinical prognostic models from the literature. To discriminate survival, the two clinical models had concordance indices of 0.61 and 0.62 in a statistical setting. Combined clinical and imaging-based models achieved concordance indices of 0.74 and 0.70 with WLTB volume, tumor burden score (TBS), and bilobar disease being the three WLTB parameters that were kept by backward elimination. These combined clinical and imaging-based models have significantly higher predictive performance in discriminating survival than the underlying clinical models alone (p < 0.003). Radiomics and geometric WLTB analysis of patients with metastatic PC with liver metastases enhances the modeling of survival compared with models based on clinical parameters alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Gebauer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.H.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (S.B.); (V.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan H. Moltz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (J.H.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Alexander Mühlberg
- CT R&D Image Analytics, Siemens Healthineers, Siemensstr. 1, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Julian W. Holch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.H.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (S.B.); (V.H.)
| | - Thomas Huber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.H.); (J.E.); (N.J.); (W.G.K.); (D.N.); (S.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Enke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.H.); (J.E.); (N.J.); (W.G.K.); (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Nils Jäger
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.H.); (J.E.); (N.J.); (W.G.K.); (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Michael Haas
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.H.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (S.B.); (V.H.)
| | - Stephan Kruger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.H.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (S.B.); (V.H.)
| | - Stefan Boeck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.H.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (S.B.); (V.H.)
| | - Michael Sühling
- CT R&D Image Analytics, Siemens Healthineers, Siemensstr. 1, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Katzmann
- CT R&D Image Analytics, Siemens Healthineers, Siemensstr. 1, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Horst Hahn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (J.H.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Wolfgang G. Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.H.); (J.E.); (N.J.); (W.G.K.); (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.H.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (S.B.); (V.H.)
| | - Dominik Nörenberg
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.H.); (J.E.); (N.J.); (W.G.K.); (D.N.); (S.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Maurus
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.H.); (J.E.); (N.J.); (W.G.K.); (D.N.); (S.M.)
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Exosomal microRNA in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112777. [PMID: 34204940 PMCID: PMC8199777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States and over 90% of the patients suffer from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the most lethal gastrointestinal malignancies and only 10% of the people survive more than 5 years, therefore, novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies are an immediate necessity. Studies have demonstrated microRNAs in bodily fluids that are bound with membranes (exosomes) can act as stable biomarkers both for disease development and metastasis. The diagnostic, prognostic, as well as therapeutic roles of exosomal microRNAs in pancreatic cancer have been discussed in this review. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for more than 90% of pancreatic cancer cases. PDAC is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal malignancies with an overall five-year survival rate of ~10%. Developing effective therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer is a great challenge. Novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies are an immediate necessity to increase the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. So far, studies have demonstrated microRNAs (miRNAs) as sensitive biomarkers because of their significant correlation with disease development and metastasis. The miRNAs have been shown to be more stable inside membrane-bound vesicles in the extracellular environment called exosomes. Varieties of miRNAs are released into the body fluids via exosomes depending on the normal physiological or pathological conditions of the body. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles of exosomal miRNAs in pancreatic cancer.
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10
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Martinez-Useros J, Martin-Galan M, Garcia-Foncillas J. The Match between Molecular Subtypes, Histology and Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer and Its Relevance for Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:322. [PMID: 33477288 PMCID: PMC7829908 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, several studies based on whole transcriptomic and genomic analyses of pancreatic tumors and their stroma have come to light to supplement histopathological stratification of pancreatic cancers with a molecular point-of-view. Three main molecular studies: Collisson et al. 2011, Moffitt et al. 2015 and Bailey et al. 2016 have found specific gene signatures, which identify different molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer and provide a comprehensive stratification for both a personalized treatment or to identify potential druggable targets. However, the routine clinical management of pancreatic cancer does not consider a broad molecular analysis of each patient, due probably to the lack of target therapies for this tumor. Therefore, the current treatment decision is taken based on patients´ clinicopathological features and performance status. Histopathological evaluation of tumor samples could reveal many other attributes not only from tumor cells but also from their microenvironment specially about the presence of pancreatic stellate cells, regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and extracellular matrix structure. In the present article, we revise the four molecular subtypes proposed by Bailey et al. and associate each subtype with other reported molecular subtypes. Moreover, we provide for each subtype a potential description of the tumor microenvironment that may influence treatment response according to the gene expression profile, the mutational landscape and their associated histology.
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11
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Ariston Gabriel AN, Wang F, Jiao Q, Yvette U, Yang X, Al-Ameri SA, Du L, Wang YS, Wang C. The involvement of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:132. [PMID: 32854710 PMCID: PMC7450552 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At the moment, pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest gastrointestinal diseases, and pancreatic cancer growth is a complex biological process that is based on different kinds of genes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNA (mRNA), and proteins, they act as the most prominent mediator of intercellular communication, and they regulate, instruct, and re-educate their surrounding microenvironment and target specific organs. Due to accumulative evidence proved that exosomes are involved in metastasis, cell proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, and TME of pancreatic cancer, exosomes are crucial potential candidates to detect pancreatic cancer early. This review aims to convey the current understanding of the main functions employed by exosomes in early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinlian Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Umwali Yvette
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Samed Ahmed Al-Ameri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
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MCM2 and NUSAP1 Are Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8604340. [PMID: 32420375 PMCID: PMC7206867 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8604340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of PC, the prognosis of patients with PC is poor. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. First, the original data of three independent mRNA expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the R software. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for hub genes. The hub genes were analyzed for genetic variations, as well as for survival, prognostic, and diagnostic value, using the cBioPortal and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases and the pROC package. After screening for potential biomarkers, the mRNA and protein levels of the biomarkers were verified at the tissue and cellular levels using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, GEPIA, and the Human Protein Atlas. As a result, a total of 248 DEGs were identified. The GO terms enriched in DEGs were related to the separation of mitotic sister chromatids and the binding of the spindle to the extracellular matrix. The enriched pathways were associated with focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. The top 20 genes were selected from the PPI network as hub genes, and based on the analysis of multiple databases, MCM2 and NUSAP1 were identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. In conclusion, our results show that MCM2 and NUSAP1 can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. The study also provides new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of PC.
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13
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Li W, Martinez-Useros J, Garcia-Carbonero N, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Orta A, Ortega-Medina L, Garcia-Botella S, Perez-Aguirre E, Diez-Valladares L, Celdran A, García-Foncillas J. The Clinical Significance of PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:1252. [PMID: 32357464 PMCID: PMC7287605 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins have been described in several cancers. PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 have been recently evaluated in pancreatic cancer, and elevated expression of PIWIL2 conferred longer survival to patients. However, PIWIL3's and PIWIL4's role in carcinogenesis is rather controversial, and their clinical implication in pancreatic cancer has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we evaluated PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 expression in pancreatic cancer-derived cell lines and in one non-tumor cell line as healthy control. Here, we show a differential expression in tumor and non-tumor cell lines of PIWIL3 and PIWIL4. Subsequently, functional experiments with PIWIL3 and/or PIWIL4 knockdown revealed a decrease in the motility ratio of tumor and non-tumor cell lines through downregulation of mesenchymal factors in pro of epithelial factors. We also observed that PIWIL3 and/or PIWIL4 silencing impaired undifferentiated phenotype and enhanced drug toxicity in both tumor- and non-tumor-derived cell lines. Finally, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 evaluation in human pancreatic cancer samples showed that patients with low levels of PIWIL4 protein expression presented poor prognosis. Therefore, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 proteins may play crucial roles to keep pancreatic cell homeostasis not only in tumors but also in healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Li
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (W.L.); (N.G.-C.); (A.O.)
| | - Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (W.L.); (N.G.-C.); (A.O.)
| | - Nuria Garcia-Carbonero
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (W.L.); (N.G.-C.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Alberto Orta
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (W.L.); (N.G.-C.); (A.O.)
| | - Luis Ortega-Medina
- Pathology Department, Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, C/Profesor Martin Lagos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sandra Garcia-Botella
- Surgery Department (Pancreatobiliary Unit), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martin Lagos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.-B.); (E.P.-A.); (L.D.-V.)
| | - Elia Perez-Aguirre
- Surgery Department (Pancreatobiliary Unit), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martin Lagos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.-B.); (E.P.-A.); (L.D.-V.)
| | - Luis Diez-Valladares
- Surgery Department (Pancreatobiliary Unit), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martin Lagos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.-B.); (E.P.-A.); (L.D.-V.)
| | - Angel Celdran
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Tract Surgery Department, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (W.L.); (N.G.-C.); (A.O.)
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14
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Sandhu V, Labori KJ, Borgida A, Lungu I, Bartlett J, Hafezi-Bakhtiari S, Denroche RE, Jang GH, Pasternack D, Mbaabali F, Watson M, Wilson J, Kure EH, Gallinger S, Haibe-Kains B. Meta-Analysis of 1,200 Transcriptomic Profiles Identifies a Prognostic Model for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2019; 3:1-16. [DOI: 10.1200/cci.18.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With a dismal 8% median 5-year overall survival, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. Only 10% to 20% of patients are eligible for surgery, and more than 50% of these patients will die within 1 year of surgery. Building a molecular predictor of early death would enable the selection of patients with PDAC who are at high risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed the Pancreatic Cancer Overall Survival Predictor (PCOSP), a prognostic model built from a unique set of 89 PDAC tumors in which gene expression was profiled using both microarray and sequencing platforms. We used a meta-analysis framework that was based on the binary gene pair method to create gene expression barcodes that were robust to biases arising from heterogeneous profiling platforms and batch effects. Leveraging the largest compendium of PDAC transcriptomic data sets to date, we show that PCOSP is a robust single-sample predictor of early death—1 year or less—after surgery in a subset of 823 samples with available transcriptomics and survival data. RESULTS The PCOSP model was strongly and significantly prognostic, with a meta-estimate of the area under the receiver operating curve of 0.70 ( P = 2.6E−22) and d-index (robust hazard ratio) of 1.9 (range, 1.6 to 2.3; ( = 1.4E−04) for binary and survival predictions, respectively. The prognostic value of PCOSP was independent of clinicopathologic parameters and molecular subtypes. Over-representation analysis of the PCOSP 2,619 gene pairs—1,070 unique genes—unveiled pathways associated with Hedgehog signaling, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix signaling. CONCLUSION PCOSP could improve treatment decisions by identifying patients who will not benefit from standard surgery/chemotherapy but who may benefit from a more aggressive treatment approach or enrollment in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sandhu
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ilinca Lungu
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Bartlett
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Gun Ho Jang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew Watson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Wilson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elin H. Kure
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø in Telemark, Norway
| | - Steven Gallinger
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Chen Q, Yu D, Zhao Y, Qiu J, Xie Y, Tao M. Screening and identification of hub genes in pancreatic cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19496-19508. [PMID: 31297881 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (Pa) is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract with high degree of malignancy, this study aimed to obtain the hub genes in the tumorigenesis of Pa. Microarray datasets GSE15471, GSE16515, and GSE62452 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, GEO2R was conducted to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and functional enrichment analyses were carried out by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the hub genes were identified by Cytoscape. Totally 205 DEGs were identified, consisting of 51 downregulated genes and 154 upregulated genes enriched in Gene Ontology terms including extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, collagen binding, cell adhesion, and pathways associated with ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and protein digestion. Two modules in the PPI were chosen and biological process analyses showed that the module genes were mainly enriched in ECM and cell adhesion. Twenty-four hub genes were confirmed, the survival analyses from the cBioPortal online platform revealed that topoisomerase (DNA) II α (TOP2A), periostin (POSTN), plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU), and versican (VCAN) may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of Pa, and the receiver-operating characteristic curves indicated their diagnostic value for Pa. Among them, TOP2A, POSTN, and PLAU have been previously reported as biomarkers for Pa, and far too little attention has been paid to VCAN. Analysis from R2 online platform showed that Pa patients with high VCAN expression were more sensitive to gemcitabine than those with low level, suggesting that VCAN may be an indicator to guide the use of the chemotherapeutic drug. In vitro experiments also showed that the sensitivity of the VCAN siRNA group to gemcitabine was lower than that of the control group. In conclusion, this study discerned hub genes and pathways related to the development of Pa, and VCAN was identified as a novel biomarker for the diagnose and therapy of Pa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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16
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Noda Y, Goshima S, Tsuji Y, Tomita H, Hara A, Kawaguchi M, Kawada H, Kawai N, Tanahashi Y, Matsuo M. Prognostic evaluation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Associations between molecular biomarkers and CT imaging findings. Pancreatology 2019; 19:331-339. [PMID: 30718187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate association between molecular biomarkers and computed tomography (CT) imaging findings in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Fifty-three consecutive patients with PDAC (34 men and 19 women; mean age, 70.6 ± 8.1 years; range, 56-86 years) who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced CT prior to pancreatectomy were included. The Ki-67 index and expressions of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and TWIST were immunohistochemically evaluated. Qualitative image analysis and histogram analysis of CT numbers were conducted. Clinical and molecular biomarkers were tested as possible prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. In addition, associations between CT imaging findings and significant molecular biomarkers were investigated. RESULTS The TNM stage (P = 0.018) and E-cadherin expression status (P = 0.018) were independently associated with OS. E-cadherin-negative PDACs had a worse prognosis than E-cadherin-positive PDACs (hazard ratio: 2.21). Irregular tumor margin was observed more frequently in E-cadherin-negative PDACs (54.7%) than in E-cadherin-positive PDACs (45.3%) (P = 0.00054). The kurtosis of CT number during the pancreatic parenchymal phase was significantly higher in E-cadherin-negative PDACs than in E-cadherin-positive PDACs (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin suppression was found to be a prognostic factor for OS in patients with PDAC, and irregular tumor margin and kurtosis of CT numbers during the pancreatic parenchymal phase could be indicators for E-cadherin suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Noda
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Goshima
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuji
- Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaya Kawaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawai
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanahashi
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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17
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Consensus statement on mandatory measurements in pancreatic cancer trials (COMM-PACT) for systemic treatment of unresectable disease. Lancet Oncol 2019; 19:e151-e160. [PMID: 29508762 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the reporting of potentially confounding variables in studies investigating systemic treatments for unresectable pancreatic cancer pose challenges in drawing accurate comparisons between findings. In this Review, we establish the first international consensus on mandatory baseline and prognostic characteristics in future trials for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer. We did a systematic literature search to find phase 3 trials investigating first-line systemic treatment for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer to identify baseline characteristics and prognostic variables. We created a structured overview showing the reporting frequencies of baseline characteristics and the prognostic relevance of identified variables. We used a modified Delphi panel of two rounds involving an international panel of 23 leading medical oncologists in the field of pancreatic cancer to develop a consensus on the various variables identified. In total, 39 randomised controlled trials that had data on 15 863 patients were included, of which 32 baseline characteristics and 26 prognostic characteristics were identified. After two consensus rounds, 23 baseline characteristics and 12 prognostic characteristics were designated as mandatory for future pancreatic cancer trials. The COnsensus statement on Mandatory Measurements in unresectable PAncreatic Cancer Trials (COMM-PACT) identifies a mandatory set of baseline and prognostic characteristics to allow adequate comparison of outcomes between pancreatic cancer studies.
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18
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Gao D, Guo Z, Wang J, Hu G, Su Y, Chen L, Lv Q, Yu H, Qin J, Xu W. Dicerandrol B: a natural xanthone dimer induces apoptosis in cervical cancer HeLa cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial damage. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1185-1193. [PMID: 30863086 PMCID: PMC6388992 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s191204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dicerandrol B is a natural antitumor agent that can be isolated from the endophytic fungus, Phomopsis sp. The present study investigated the effects of dicerandrol B on human cervical cancer HeLa cells. Materials and methods In this study, dicerandrol B was identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used MTT to detect the cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis and cell cycle. Western blot was used to examine the expression of related proteins. Results Dicerandrol B was isolated from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. The MTT assay and flow cytometry showed that dicerandrol B significantly inhibited HeLa cell viability and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Western blot analysis demonstrated that dicerandrol B increased the levels of GRP78, ubiquitin, cleaved PARP, and Bax protein, decreased the levels of PARP and Bcl-2 protein, and caused an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in HeLa cells. Dicerandrol B increased the production of ROS in HeLa cells, which was attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Conclusion These findings suggest that dicerandrol B induces apoptosis in human HeLa cells, possibly through the endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. This suggests that dicerandrol B possesses strong anticancer activity in cervical cancer and provides insight into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Gaofeng Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
| | - Yuqiao Su
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China,
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
| | - Qianwen Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
| | - Huimei Yu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianchun Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China,
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
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19
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Garcia-Carbonero N, Li W, Cabeza-Morales M, Martinez-Useros J, Garcia-Foncillas J. New Hope for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treatment Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2468. [PMID: 30134550 PMCID: PMC6165247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of tumours, and its incidence is rising worldwide. Although survival can be improved by surgical resection when these tumours are detected at an early stage, this cancer is usually asymptomatic, and disease only becomes apparent after metastasis. Several risk factors are associated with this disease, the most relevant being chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, tobacco and alcohol intake, cadmium, arsenic and lead exposure, certain infectious diseases, and the mutational status of some genes associated to a familial component. PDAC incidence has increased in recent decades, and there are few alternatives for chemotherapeutic treatment. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors such as GRP78/BiP (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), ATF6α (activating transcription factor 6 isoform α), IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1 isoform α), and PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) activate the transcription of several genes involved in both survival and apoptosis. Some of these factors aid in inducing a non-proliferative state in cancer called dormancy. Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress could induce dormancy of tumour cells, thus prolonging patient survival. In this systematic review, we have compiled relevant results concerning those endoplasmic reticulum stress factors involved in PDAC, and we have analysed the mechanism of dormancy associated to endoplasmic reticulum stress and its potential use as a chemotherapeutic target against PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/etiology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Communicable Diseases/complications
- Communicable Diseases/genetics
- Communicable Diseases/metabolism
- Communicable Diseases/pathology
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Diabetes Complications/genetics
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/genetics
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- eIF-2 Kinase/genetics
- eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garcia-Carbonero
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Weiyao Li
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marticela Cabeza-Morales
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Jin J, Wu Y, Zhou D, Sun Q, Wang W. miR‑448 targets Rab2B and is pivotal in the suppression of pancreatic cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1379-1389. [PMID: 30015954 PMCID: PMC6072403 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in survival rates for pancreatic cancer have been slow and the morality rate continues to increase in patients. MicroRNA (miR)-448 is reported to be significantly downregulated in several types of cancer. In this study, Rab2B is target of miR-488 was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis and validated using a luciferase reporter assay. A total of 72 cases of pancreatic cancer in patients diagnosed at The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) were enrolled, and cancer specimens and their adjacent normal tissues were collected for analysis. The expression levels of miR-448 and Rab2B in these tissues and in pancreatic cancer cell lines were quantified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. miR-448 overexpression was achieved by cell transfection. Protein expression was assessed using western blot analysis. Cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results revealed a negative correlation between miR-448 and Rab2B in the pancreatic tissues and cell lines. The results of bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-448 directly targeted Rab2B. Aberrant miR-448 levels in PANC-1 cells downregulated the expression of Rab2B, and significantly decreased cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells. It was also found that miR-448 mimics resulted in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and affected the expression of cell cycle regulators, including cyclin D1, p21 and p27. In addition, the miR-448 mimics led to inactivation of the Akt/Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. The miR-448 mimics induced apoptosis and activated the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The results suggested that miR-448 was a negative regulator of Rab2B and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yingsheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Dongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Ma Q, Wu X, Wu J, Liang Z, Liu T. SERP1 is a novel marker of poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients via anti-apoptosis and regulating SRPRB/NF-κB axis. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1104-1114. [PMID: 28902358 PMCID: PMC5592859 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 1 (SERP1), can cause accumulation of unfolded proteins in ER stress. However, studies on the role of SERP1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are still incomplete. The present study aimed at identifying whether SERP1 acts as a potential novel prognostic marker of PDAC, and analyzed its possible mechanism. GEO database analysis showed SERP1 was significantly upregulated in PDAC tissues, and strongly associated with advanced clinical stage of PDAC patients from TCGA database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis further revealed SERP1 high expression was an independent factor for the prognosis of PDAC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that SERP1 was mainly involved in regulating cell apoptosis and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and downregulated SERP1 significantly promoted PANC-1 cell apoptosis. To further explore its possible mechanism, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene ontology (GO) analysis showed the functions of proteins interacting with SERP1 were mainly enriched in regulating cell apoptosis, and SRP receptor β subunit (SRPRB) was the core of the whole PPI network. The expression of SERP1 was negatively correlated with SRPRB expression. In vitro, downregulated SERP1 significantly increased SRPRB expression. Furthermore, upregulated SRPRB could increase cell apoptosis rate and decreased the expression level of NF-κB and the phosphorylation NF-κB. The above results indicated that SERP1 as a potential novel prognostic marker of PDAC probably via regulating cell apoptosis and NF-κB activation, which may be associated with SRPRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Beijing Huairou Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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22
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Hu P, Qiao O, Wang J, Li J, Jin H, Li Z, Jin Y. rs1859168 A > C polymorphism regulates HOTTIP expression and reduces risk of pancreatic cancer in a Chinese population. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:155. [PMID: 28818070 PMCID: PMC5561564 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in many types of human cancer including pancreatic cancer (PC) and correlated with tumorigenesis and cancer prognosis, whereas knowledge about regulatory mechanism of lncRNA expression is few known. This study aimed to explore whether polymorphisms in lncRNAs genes are associated with PC susceptibility by affecting its expression. METHODS We first genotyped three common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lncRNA genes (HOTTIP rs1859168, HOTAIR rs4759314, and H19 rs217727) in 416 paired PC patients and controls, and then validated the results in another 505 paired PC patients and controls. The genotype-phenotype correlation was examined in 50 PC tissue samples with different genotypes as well as by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS In the discovery set, only the HOTTIP rs1859168 A > C showed to be significantly associated with a reduced PC risk (CC vs AA: odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.57-0.88, P = 0.002; recessive model: adjusted OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.38-0.68, P < 0.001; additive model: adjusted OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.51-0.82, P < 0.001). The results in validation set and pooled population also indicated that the C allele of HOTTIP rs1859168 could significantly decrease the risk of PC. In addition, the genotype-phenotype association analysis suggested that HOTTIP expression level was significantly lower in PC samples with CC genotype than that in samples with AA and AC genotype. Furthermore, the C allele of HOTTIP rs1859168 could significantly decrease the relative luciferase activity compared to the A allele in three PC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The current findings provided evidence that the functional rs1859168 A > C polymorphism may decrease the PC risk by down-regulating the HOTTIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghai Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Rd., Xishan District, Kunming, 6050032, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Rd., Xishan District, Kunming, 6050032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Rd., Xishan District, Kunming, 6050032, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Rd., Xishan District, Kunming, 6050032, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Rd., Xishan District, Kunming, 6050032, China
| | - Zhaolian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Rd., Xishan District, Kunming, 6050032, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Rd., Xishan District, Kunming, 6050032, China.
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Martinez-Useros J, Georgiev-Hristov T, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Borrero-Palacios A, Indacochea A, Guerrero S, Li W, Cebrián A, Gómez del Pulgar T, Puime-Otin A, del Puerto-Nevado L, Rodríguez-Remírez M, Pérez N, Celdrán A, Gebauer F, Garcia-Foncillas J. UNR/CDSE1 expression as prognosis biomarker in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients: A proof-of-concept. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182044. [PMID: 28763470 PMCID: PMC5538752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive form of pancreatic cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. When possible, curative approaches are based on surgical resection, though not every patient is a candidate for surgery. There are clinical guidelines for the management of these patients that offer different treatment options depending on the clinical and pathologic characteristics. However, the survival rates seen in this kind of patients are still low. The CDSE1 gene is located upstream of NRAS and encodes an RNA-binding protein termed UNR. The aim of this study was to analyze UNR expression and its correlation with outcome in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). For this, samples from resectable PDAC patients who underwent duodenopancreatectomy were used to evaluate UNR protein expression by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Here, we observed that low UNR expression was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival after surgery (P = 0.010). Moreover, this prognostic marker remained significant after Cox proportional hazards model (P = 0.036). We further studied the role of CDSE1 expression in patient's prognosis using data from public repositories (GEO and TGCA), confirming our results. Interestingly, CDSE1 expression correlated with that of genes characteristic of an immunogenic molecular subtype of pancreatic cancer. Based on these findings, UNR may be considered a potential prognostic biomarker for resectable PDAC and may serve to guide subsequent adjuvant treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Aurea Borrero-Palacios
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Indacochea
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Research Group-VHIR- Vall d' Hebron Institut de Recerca-Vall d' Hebron Hospital, P/ de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Weiyao Li
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Cebrián
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gómez del Pulgar
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Puime-Otin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura del Puerto-Nevado
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Remírez
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Pérez
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Celdrán
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Tract Surgery Department, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Gebauer
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (FJD), Madrid, Spain
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MiR-451 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer through Targeting CAB39. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2381482. [PMID: 28197410 PMCID: PMC5288510 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2381482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of various biological and pathologic processes in human cancers and the aberrant expression of miRNAs contributes to the tumor development. In this study, our findings indicate that miR-451 is significantly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines and elevated expression of miR-451 contributes to promoted cell viability (in vitro and in vivo). Moreover, overexpression of miR-451 is closely linked to poor prognosis and lymphatic metastasis. Inhibition of miR-451 dramatically suppresses cell viability and invasion, promotes cell apoptosis, and induces cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, miR-451 directly targets CAB39 and negatively regulates its expression and inhibition of CAB39 contributes to the promoted cell viability and invasion. Our findings improve our understanding of the function of miR-451 in the identification and therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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