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Dos Santos TM, Righetti RF, do Nascimento Camargo L, Leick EA, Fukuzaki S, de Campos EC, Galli TT, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, da Silva LLS, Barbosa JAS, João JMLG, Prado CM, de Rezende BG, Bourotte CLM, Dos Lopes FDTQS, Martins MA, Bensenor IM, de Oliveira Cirillo JV, Bezerra SKM, Silva FJA, Paulo MSL, Lotufo PA, Tibério IFLC. Effect of VAChT reduction on lung alterations induced by exposure to iron particles in an asthma model. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38961398 PMCID: PMC11223391 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pollution harms the health of people with asthma. The effect of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway in chronic allergic inflammation associated to pollution is poorly understood. METHODS One hundred eight animals were divided into 18 groups (6 animals). Groups included: wild type mice (WT), genetically modified with reduced VAChT (VAChTKD), and those sensitized with ovalbumin (VAChTKDA), exposed to metal powder due to iron pelletizing in mining company (Local1) or 3.21 miles away from a mining company (Local2) in their locations for 2 weeks during summer and winter seasons. It was analyzed for hyperresponsivity, inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress responses and the cholinergic system. RESULTS During summer, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local1 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs, %Raw), and inflammation (IL-17) relative to vivarium animals, while animals exposed to Local2 also exhibited elevated IL-17. During winter, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local2 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs) relative to vivarium animals. Comparing the exposure local of these animals during summer, animals exposed to Local1 showed elevated %Rrs, Raw, and IL-5 compared to Local 2, while in winter, Local2 exposure led to more IL-17 than Local1. Animals with VAChT attenuation displayed increased %Rrs, NFkappaB, IL-5, and IL-13 but reduced alpha-7 compared to animals without changes in the cholinergic system WT. Animals with VAChT attenuation and asthma showed increased the hyperresponsiveness, all inflammatory markers, remodeling and oxidative stress compared to animals without chronic lung inflammation. Exposure to Local1 exacerbated the hyperresponsiveness, oxidative stressand inflammation in animals with VAChT attenuation associated asthma, while Local2 exposure led to increased inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Reduced cholinergic signaling amplifies lung inflammation in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Furthermore, when associated with pollution, it can aggravate specific responses related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Maruyama Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Nascimento Camargo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina de Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Baltazar-García EA, Vargas-Guerrero B, Gasca-Lozano LE, Gurrola-Díaz CM. Molecular changes underlying pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An updated review. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:805-816. [PMID: 38226432 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to update and synthesize the molecular mechanisms that lead to the heterogeneous effect on tissue remodeling observed in the two most important clinical phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary emphysema (PE) and chronic bronchitis (CB). Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that this heterogeneous response to promote PE, CB, or both, is related to differentiated genetic, epigenetic, and molecular conditions. Specifically, a tendency toward PE could be related to a variant in the DSP gene, SIRT1 downregulation, macrophage polarization to M1, as well as the involvement of the noncanonical Wnt5A signaling pathway, among other alterations. Additionally, in advanced stages of COPD, PE development is potentiated by dysregulations in autophagy, which promotes senescence and subsequently cell apoptosis, through exacerbated inflammasome activation and release of caspases. On the other hand, CB or the pro-fibrotic phenotype could be potentiated by the downregulated activity of HDAC2, the activation of the TGF-β/Smad or Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, macrophage polarization to M2, upregulation of TIMP-1, and/or the presence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism. Interestingly, the upregulated activity of MMPs, especially MMP-9, is widely involved in the development of both phenotypes. Furthermore, MMP-9 and MMP-12 enhance the severity, perpetuation, and exacerbation of COPD, as well as the development of autoimmunity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia A Baltazar-García
- Transdisciplinary Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences/Institute for Research in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Campus for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Transdisciplinary Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences/Institute for Research in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Campus for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz E Gasca-Lozano
- Transdisciplinary Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences/Institute for Research in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Campus for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carmen M Gurrola-Díaz
- Transdisciplinary Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences/Institute for Research in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Campus for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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João JMLG, Silva Barbosa JA, Sales da Silva LL, Fukuzaki S, de Campos EC, Camargo LDN, dos Santos TM, Moreira Bezerra SK, de Almeida FM, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Lopes FDTQDS, Bonturi CR, Righetti RF, Oliva MLV, Tibério IDFLC, Leick EA. Effects of plant protease inhibitors (Pep-3-EcTI, Pep-BbKI, and Pep-BrTI) versus corticosteroids on inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress in an asthma-COPD (ACO) model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1282870. [PMID: 38774212 PMCID: PMC11106483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1282870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The peptide derived from E. contortisiliquum trypsin inhibitor (Pep-3-EcTI), peptide derived from kallikrein inhibitor isolated from B. bauhinioides (Pep-BbKI), and B. rufa peptide modified from B. bauhinioides (Pep-BrTI) peptides exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting their potential for treating asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO). We compared the effects of these peptides with dexamethasone (DX) treatment in an ACO model. In this study, 11 groups of male BALB/c mice were pre-treated under different conditions, including sensitization with intraperitoneal injection and inhalation of ovalbumin (OVA), intratracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (ELA), sensitization with intraperitoneal injection, and various combinations of peptide treatments with Pep-3-EcTI, Pep-BbKI, Pep-BrTI, dexamethasone, and non-treated controls (SAL-saline). Respiratory system resistance, airway resistance, lung tissue resistance, exhaled nitric oxide, linear mean intercept, immune cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cytokine expression, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress in the airways and alveolar septa were evaluated on day 28. Results showed increased respiratory parameters, inflammatory markers, and tissue remodeling in the ACO group compared to controls. Treatment with the peptides or DX attenuated or reversed these responses, with the peptides showing effectiveness in controlling hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress markers. These peptides demonstrated an efficacy comparable to that of corticosteroids in the ACO model. However, this study highlights the need for further research to assess their safety, mechanisms of action, and potential translation to clinical studies before considering these peptides for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Camila Ramalho Bonturi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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Galli TT, de Campos EC, do Nascimento Camargo L, Fukuzaki S, Dos Santos TM, Hamaguchi SSS, Bezerra SKM, Silva FJA, Rezende BG, Dos Santos Lopes FTQ, Olivo CR, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Prado CM, Leick EA, Bourotte CLM, Benseñor IJM, Lotufo PA, Righetti RF, Tibério IFLC. Effects of environmental exposure to iron powder on healthy and elastase-exposed mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9134. [PMID: 38644380 PMCID: PMC11033283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to iron powder and other mineral dusts can threaten the health of individuals, especially those with COPD. The goal of this study was to determine how environmental exposure to metal dust from two different mining centers in Brazil affects lung mechanics, inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress responses in healthy and elastase-exposed mice. This study divided 72 male C57Bl/6 mice into two groups, the summer group and the winter group. These groups were further divided into six groups: control, nonexposed (SAL); nonexposed, given elastase (ELA); exposed to metal powder at a mining company (SAL-L1 and ELA-L1); and exposed to a location three miles away from the mining company (SAL-L2 and ELA-L2) for four weeks. On the 29th day of the protocol, the researchers assessed lung mechanics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress, macrophage iron and alveolar wall alterations (mean linear intercept-Lm). The Lm was increased in the ELA, ELA-L1 and ELA-L2 groups compared to the SAL group (p < 0.05). There was an increase in the total number of cells and macrophages in the ELA-L1 and ELA-L2 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the ELA and SAL groups, the exposed groups (ELA-L1, ELA-L2, SAL-L1, and SAL-L2) exhibited increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, neutrophil elastase, TIMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-12, TGF-β, collagen fibers, MUC5AC, iNOS, Gp91phox, NFkB and iron positive macrophages (p < 0.05). Although we did not find differences in lung mechanics across all groups, there were low to moderate correlations between inflammation remodeling, oxidative stress and NFkB with elastance, resistance of lung tissue and iron positive macrophages (p < 0.05). Environmental exposure to iron, confirmed by evaluation of iron in alveolar macrophages and in air, exacerbated inflammation, initiated remodeling, and induced oxidative stress responses in exposed mice with and without emphysema. Activation of the iNOS, Gp91phox and NFkB pathways play a role in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903 - Laboratory LIM20, Brazil.
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Fortunato RH, Nores MJ. "Cow's Hoof" ( Bauhinia L., Leguminosae): A Review on Pharmacological Properties of Austral South American Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 36616160 PMCID: PMC9823647 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The genus Bauhinia s.l. (Leguminosae), known as cow's hoof, unha de boi or pata de vaca, has been used in traditional medicine worldwide. The aim of the present review is to summarize the studies published on the biological activity of the main native medicinal species reported in austral South America. Of the 14 species present in the region, 10 are consumed as leaf infusions to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and to treat various diseases. Pharmacological properties have been recorded in seven species. Antioxidant, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, diuretic, antimicrobial and antitumor properties have been reported in B. forficata. Together with B. holophylla, they are important for their antidiabetic properties, since several studies indicate their effectiveness as a hypoglycemic agent. B. bauhinioides is distinguished for its anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities and S. microstachya for its analgesic properties. Anti-ulcer and wound healing activities recorded in B. holophylla and B. ungulata, respectively, are of particular interest. Most of the species possess antitumor activity. The antioxidant capacity of flavonoids and other bioactive compounds make these plants good candidates to assist or treat various alterations related with oxidative stress, such as diabetic complications. Thus, these species constitute promising targets for new bioactive substance research and phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Jimena Nores
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), UNC, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Argentina
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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Natural products in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153988. [PMID: 35217434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a class of lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Long-time smoking is considered the main reason for developing emphysema. Emphysema can be defined as damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung. It has been demonstrated that natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects can effectively improve or protect the lung against this disease. This paper is dedicated to systematically review the effective natural compounds in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. PURPOSE This is the first systematic and comprehensive review on the role of plant-derived secondary metabolites in managing and/or treating pulmonary emphysema STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive review was done based on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the "emphysema", "plant", "herb", and "phytochemical" keywords. Non-English, review, and repetitive articles were excluded from the study. Search results were included in the Prisma diagram. RESULTS From a total of 1285 results, finally, 22 articles were included in the present study. The results show that some herbs such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Monascus adlay and some phytochemicals such as gallic acid and quercetin and blackboard tree indole alkaloids affect more factors in improving the lung emphysema. Also, some natural compounds such as marijuana smoke and humic acid also play an aggravating role in this disease. It also seems that some of the medicinal plants such as PM014 herbal formula, pomegranate juice and açaí berry sometimes have side effects that are inconsistent with their therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION We concluded that natural compounds can effectively improve pulmonary emphysema due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, additional studies are suggested to prove efficacy and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Plant Kunitz Inhibitors and Their Interaction with Proteases: Current and Potential Pharmacological Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094742. [PMID: 35563133 PMCID: PMC9100506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The action of proteases can be controlled by several mechanisms, including regulation through gene expression; post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation; zymogen activation; targeting specific compartments, such as lysosomes and mitochondria; and blocking proteolysis using endogenous inhibitors. Protease inhibitors are important molecules to be explored for the control of proteolytic processes in organisms because of their ability to act on several proteases. In this context, plants synthesize numerous proteins that contribute to protection against attacks by microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and/or invertebrates (insects and nematodes) through the inhibition of proteases in these organisms. These proteins are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and are present in higher concentrations in legume seeds (compared to other organs and other botanical families), motivating studies on their inhibitory effects in various organisms, including humans. In most cases, the biological roles of these proteins have been assigned based mostly on their in vitro action, as is the case with enzyme inhibitors. This review highlights the structural evolution, function, and wide variety of effects of plant Kunitz protease inhibitors, and their potential for pharmaceutical application based on their interactions with different proteases.
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Long-term endogenous acetylcholine deficiency potentiates pulmonary inflammation in a murine model of elastase-induced emphysema. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15918. [PMID: 34354132 PMCID: PMC8342425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), the neurotransmitter of the cholinergic system, regulates inflammation in several diseases including pulmonary diseases. ACh is also involved in a non-neuronal mechanism that modulates the innate immune response. Because inflammation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in pulmonary emphysema, we hypothesized that vesicular acetylcholine transport protein (VAChT) deficiency, which leads to reduction in ACh release, can modulate lung inflammation in an experimental model of emphysema. Mice with genetical reduced expression of VAChT (VAChT KDHOM 70%) and wild-type mice (WT) received nasal instillation of 50 uL of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) or saline on day 0. Twenty-eight days after, animals were evaluated. Elastase instilled VAChT KDHOM mice presented an increase in macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and MAC2-positive macrophages in lung tissue and peribronchovascular area that was comparable to that observed in WT mice. Conversely, elastase instilled VAChT KDHOM mice showed significantly larger number of NF-κB-positive cells and isoprostane staining in the peribronchovascular area when compared to elastase-instilled WT-mice. Moreover, elastase-instilled VAChT-deficient mice showed increased MCP-1 levels in the lungs. Other cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, alveolar enlargement, and lung function were not worse in elastase-instilled VAChT deficiency than in elastase-instilled WT-controls. These data suggest that decreased VAChT expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema, at least in part, through NF-κB activation, MCP-1, and oxidative stress pathways. This study highlights novel pathways involved in lung inflammation that may contribute to the development of chronic obstrutive lung disease (COPD) in cholinergic deficient individuals such as Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Differences in the Inhibitory Specificity Distinguish the Efficacy of Plant Protease Inhibitors on Mouse Fibrosarcoma. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030602. [PMID: 33806820 PMCID: PMC8005126 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, the primary cause of death from malignant tumors, is facilitated by multiple protease-mediated processes. Thus, effort has been invested in the development of protease inhibitors to prevent metastasis. Here, we investigated the effects of protease inhibitors including the recombinant inhibitors rBbKI (serine protease inhibitor) and rBbCI (serine and cysteine inhibitor) derived from native inhibitors identified in Bauhinia bauhinioides seeds, and EcTI (serine and metalloprotease inhibitor) isolated from the seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum on the mouse fibrosarcoma model (lineage L929). rBbKI inhibited 80% of cell viability of L929 cells after 48 h, while EcTI showed similar efficacy after 72 h. Both inhibitors acted in a dose and time-dependent manner. Conversely, rBbCI did not significantly affect the viability of L929 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed the binding of rBbKI and EcTI to the L929 cell surface. rBbKI inhibited approximately 63% of L929 adhesion to fibronectin, in contrast with EcTI and rBbCI, which did not significantly interfere with adhesion. None of the inhibitors interfered with the L929 cell cycle phases. The synthetic peptide RPGLPVRFESPL-NH2, based on the BbKI reactive site, inhibited 45% of the cellular viability of L929, becoming a promising protease inhibitor due to its ease of synthesis.
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Fukuzaki S, Righetti RF, Santos TMD, Camargo LDN, Aristóteles LRCRB, Souza FCR, Garrido AC, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Leick EA, Prado CM, Martins MDA, Tibério IDFLC. Preventive and therapeutic effect of anti-IL-17 in an experimental model of elastase-induced lung injury in C57Bl6 mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C341-C354. [PMID: 33326311 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00017.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important health care issue, and IL-17 can modulate inflammatory responses. We evaluated preventive and therapeutic effect of anti-interleukin (IL)-17 in a model of lung injury induced by elastase, using 32 male C57Bl6 mice, divided into 4 groups: SAL, ELASTASE CONTROL (EC), ELASTASE + PREVENTIVE ANTI-IL-17 (EP), and ELASTASE + THERAPEUTIC ANTI-IL-17 (ET). On the 29th day, animals were anesthetized with thiopental, tracheotomized, and placed on a ventilator to evaluate lung mechanical, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), and total cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected. We performed histological techniques, and linear mean intercept (Lm) was analyzed. Both treatments with anti-IL-17 decreased respiratory resistance and elastance, airway resistance, elastance of pulmonary parenchyma, eNO, and Lm compared with EC. There was reduction in total cells and macrophages in ET compared with EC. Both treatments decreased nuclear factor-кB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-12, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, neutrophils, IL-1β, isoprostane, and IL-17 in airways and alveolar septa; collagen fibers, decorin and lumican in airways; and elastic fibers and fibronectin in alveolar septa compared with EC. There was reduction of collagen fibers in alveolar septa and biglycan in airways in EP and a reduction of eNO synthase in airways in ET. In conclusion, both treatments with anti-IL-17 contributed to improve most of parameters evaluated in inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in this model of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fukuzaki
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabata Maruyama Dos Santos
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Nascimento Camargo
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia C R Souza
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aurelio C Garrido
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine (LIM 20), Hospital Public Employee of São Paulo (Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo), University City of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edna Aparecida Leick
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Effects of the serine protease inhibitor rBmTI-A in an experimental mouse model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12624. [PMID: 31477763 PMCID: PMC6718655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether a recombinant serine protease inhibitor (rBmTI-A) modulates inflammation in an experimental model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Balb/c mice were divided into four groups: SAL (saline), OVA (sensitized with ovalbumin), SAL + rBmTI-A (control treated with rBmTI-A) and OVA + rBmTI-A (sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with rBmTI-A). The animals received an intraperitoneal injection of saline or ovalbumin, according to the group. The groups received inhalation with saline or ovalbumin and were treated with rBmTI-A or saline by nasal instillation. After 29 days, we evaluated the respiratory mechanics; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); cytokines; MMP-9, TIMP-1; eosinophils; collagen and elastic fibre expression in the airways; and the trypsin-like, MMP-1, and MMP-9 lung tissue proteolytic activity. Treatment with rBmTI-A reduced the trypsin-like proteolytic activity, the elastance and resistance maximum response, the polymorphonuclear cells, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A in the BALF, the expression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, CD4+, MMP-9, TIMP-1, eosinophils, collagen and elastic fibres in the airways of the OVA + rBmTI-A group compared to the OVA group (p < 0.05). rBmTI-A attenuated bronchial hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodelling in this experimental model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. This inhibitor may serve as a potential therapeutic tool for asthma treatment.
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iNOS Inhibition Reduces Lung Mechanical Alterations and Remodeling Induced by Particulate Matter in Mice. Pulm Med 2019; 2019:4781528. [PMID: 30984425 PMCID: PMC6432736 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4781528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The epidemiologic association between pulmonary exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and acute lung damage is well known. However, the mechanism involved in the effects of repeated exposures of PM in the lung injury is poorly documented. This study tested the hypotheses that chronic nasal instillation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) induced not only distal lung and airway inflammation but also remodeling. In addition, we evaluated the effects of inducible nitric oxide inhibition in these responses. For this purpose, airway and lung parenchyma were evaluated by quantitative analysis of collagen and elastic fibers, immunohistochemistry for macrophages, neutrophils, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and alveolar septa 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF-2α) detection. Anesthetized in vivo (airway resistance, elastance, H, G, and Raw) respiratory mechanics were also analyzed. C57BL6 mice received daily 60ul of ROFA (intranasal) for five (ROFA-5d) or fifteen days (ROFA-15d). Controls have received saline (SAL). Part of the animals has received 1400W (SAL+1400W and ROFA-15d+1400W), an iNOS inhibitor, for four days before the end of the protocol. A marked neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and an increase in the iNOS, nNOS, and 8-iso-PGF2 α expression was observed in peribronchiolar and alveolar wall both in ROFA-5d and in ROFA-15d groups. There was an increment of the collagen and elastic fibers in alveolar and airway walls in ROFA-15d group. The iNOS inhibition reduced all alterations induced by ROFA, except for the 8-iso-PGF2 α expression. In conclusion, repeated particulate matter exposures induce extracellular matrix remodeling of airway and alveolar walls, which could contribute to the pulmonary mechanical changes observed. The mechanism involved is, at least, dependent on the inducible nitric oxide activation.
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Righetti RF, Dos Santos TM, Camargo LDN, Aristóteles LRCRB, Fukuzaki S, de Souza FCR, Santana FPR, de Agrela MVR, Cruz MM, Alonso-Vale MIC, Genaro IS, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Leick EA, Martins MDA, Prado CM, Tibério IDFLC. Protective Effects of Anti-IL17 on Acute Lung Injury Induced by LPS in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1021. [PMID: 30337870 PMCID: PMC6180195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: T helper 17 (Th17) has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory lung and immune system diseases. However, little is known about the expression and biological role of IL-17 in acute lung injury (ALI). We investigated the mechanisms involved in the effect of anti-IL17 in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Mice were pre-treated with anti-IL17, 1h before saline/LPS intratracheal administration alongside non-treated controls and levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), cytokine expression, extracellular matrix remodeling and oxidative stress, as well as immune cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and respiratory mechanics were assessed in lung tissue. Results: LPS instillation led to an increase in multiple cytokines, proteases, nuclear factor-κB, and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), eNO and regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, the number of CD4+ and iNOS-positive cells as well as the number of neutrophils and macrophages in BALF, resistance and elastance of the respiratory system, ARG-1 gene expression, collagen fibers, and actin and 8-iso-PGF2α volume fractions. Pre-treatment with anti-IL17 led to a significant reduction in the level of all assessed factors. Conclusions: Anti-IL17 can protect the lungs from the inflammatory effects of LPS-induced ALI, primarily mediated by the reduced expression of cytokines and oxidative stress. This suggests that further studies using anti-IL17 in a treatment regime would be highly worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabata Maruyama Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maysa Mariana Cruz
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Santos Genaro
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Public Employee of São Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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The Plant Proteinase Inhibitor CrataBL Plays a Role in Controlling Asthma Response in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9274817. [PMID: 30364003 PMCID: PMC6188594 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9274817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background. CrataBL is a protein isolated from Crataeva tapia bark. It has been shown to exhibit several biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, and insecticidal activities. There are no studies evaluating the role of CrataBL in experimental asthma models. Aim. To evaluate the effects of CrataBL on lung mechanics, inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress activation of mice with allergic pulmonary inflammation. Materials and Methods. BALB/c mice (6-7 weeks old, 25-30g) were divided into four groups: nonsensitized and nontreated mice (C group, n=8); ovalbumin- (OVA-) sensitized and nontreated mice (OVA group, n=8); nonsensitized and CrataBL-treated mice (C+CR group, n=8); OVA-sensitized and CrataBL-treated mice (OVA+CR group, n=8). We evaluated hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress markers. Results. CrataBL treatment in OVA-sensitized mice (OVA+CR group) attenuated the following variables compared to OVA-sensitized mice without treatment (OVA group) (all p<0.05): (1) respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) after methacholine challenge; (2) total cells, macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, and lymphocytes in BALF; (3) eosinophils and volume fraction of collagen and elastic fibers in the airway and alveolar wall according to histopathological and morphometry analysis; (4) IL-4-, IL-5-, IL-13-, IL-17-, IFN-γ-, MMP-9-, TIMP-1-, TGF-β-, iNOS-, and NF-kB-positive cells and volume of 8-iso-PGF2α in airway and alveolar septa according to immunohistochemistry; and (5) IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ according to an ELISA. Conclusion. CrataBL contributes to the control of hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress responses in an animal model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation.
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15
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Proteases and Their Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090244. [PMID: 30154365 PMCID: PMC6162857 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite much development in the area of drug development, currently there are no effective medicines available for the treatment of this disease. An imbalance in the protease: Antiprotease ratio in the COPD lung remains an important aspect of COPD pathophysiology and several studies have shown the efficacy of antiprotease therapy in both in vitro and in vivo COPD models. However more in-depth studies will be required to validate the efficacy of lead drug molecules targeting these proteases. This review discusses the current status of protease-directed drugs used for treating COPD and explores the future prospects of utilizing the potential of antiprotease-based therapeutics as a treatment for this disease.
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16
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de Genaro IS, de Almeida FM, Hizume-Kunzler DC, Moriya HT, Silva RA, Cruz JCG, Lopes RB, Righetti RF, de Paula Vieira R, Saiki M, Martins MA, Tibério IDFLC, Arantes-Costa FM, Saraiva-Romanholo BM. Low dose of chlorine exposure exacerbates nasal and pulmonary allergic inflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12636. [PMID: 30135462 PMCID: PMC6105688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Work-exacerbated asthma (WEA) is defined as preexisting asthma that worsens with exposure to irritants [e.g., chlorine (Cl2) derivatives] in the workplace. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace of Cl2 exposure is 3 mg/ m3 (described in OSHA). We investigated in an experimental asthma model in mice the effects of a single exposure to a sodium hypochlorite dose with this allowed chlorine concentration and a tenfold higher dose. Acute chlorine exposure at 3.3 mg/m3 in the OVA-sensitized group increased eosinophils in the peribronquial infiltrate, cytokine production, nasal mucus production and the number of iNOS positive cells in the distal lung compared to only sensitized mice. The exposure to a higher dose of 33.3 mg/m3 in the OVA-sensitized group resulted in an increase in respiratory system elastance, in the total and differential numbers of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 in the lungs, eosinophils in peribronquial infiltrate and mucus content in nasal compared to non-exposed and sensitized animals. In this asthma model, chorine exposures at an allowable dose, contributed to the potentiation of Th2 responses. The functional alterations were associated with increased iNOS and ROCK-2 activation in the distal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Santos de Genaro
- Public Employee of Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Camargo Hizume-Kunzler
- Department of Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy (LaPEx), State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Henrique Takachi Moriya
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Escola Politecnica, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Aparecido Silva
- Department of Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Department of Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Sírio-Libanês Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Universidade Brasil, Post-graduation Program in Bioengenering, São Paulo, Brazil and Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mitiko Saiki
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Department of Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Public Employee of Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Almeida-Reis R, Theodoro-Junior OA, Oliveira BTM, Oliva LV, Toledo-Arruda AC, Bonturi CR, Brito MV, Lopes FDTQS, Prado CM, Florencio AC, Martins MA, Owen CA, Leick EA, Oliva MLV, Tibério IFLC. Plant Proteinase Inhibitor BbCI Modulates Lung Inflammatory Responses and Mechanic and Remodeling Alterations Induced by Elastase in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8287125. [PMID: 28466019 PMCID: PMC5390602 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8287125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Proteinases play a key role in emphysema. Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor (BbCI) is a serine-cysteine proteinase inhibitor. We evaluated BbCI treatment in elastase-induced pulmonary alterations. Methods. C57BL/6 mice received intratracheal elastase (ELA group) or saline (SAL group). One group of mice was treated with BbCI (days 1, 15, and 21 after elastase instillation, ELABC group). Controls received saline and BbCI (SALBC group). After 28 days, we evaluated respiratory mechanics, exhaled nitric oxide, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In lung tissue we measured airspace enlargement, quantified neutrophils, TNFα-, MMP-9-, MMP-12-, TIMP-1-, iNOS-, and eNOS-positive cells, 8-iso-PGF2α, collagen, and elastic fibers in alveolar septa and airways. MUC-5-positive cells were quantified only in airways. Results. BbCI reduced elastase-induced changes in pulmonary mechanics, airspace enlargement and elastase-induced increases in total cells, and neutrophils in BALF. BbCI reduced macrophages and neutrophils positive cells in alveolar septa and neutrophils and TNFα-positive cells in airways. BbCI attenuated elastic and collagen fibers, MMP-9- and MMP-12-positive cells, and isoprostane and iNOS-positive cells in alveolar septa and airways. BbCI reduced MUC5ac-positive cells in airways. Conclusions. BbCI improved lung mechanics and reduced lung inflammation and airspace enlargement and increased oxidative stress levels induced by elastase. BbCI may have therapeutic potential in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Almeida-Reis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruno T M Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro V Oliva
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camila R Bonturi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlon V Brito
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D T Q S Lopes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana C Florencio
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mílton A Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Edna A Leick
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria L V Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fortunato RH, Varela BG, Castro MA, Nores MJ. Leaf venation pattern to recognize austral South American medicinal species of “cow's hoof” ( Bauhinia L., Fabaceae). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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A Plant Proteinase Inhibitor from Enterolobium contortisiliquum Attenuates Pulmonary Mechanics, Inflammation and Remodeling Induced by Elastase in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020403. [PMID: 28216579 PMCID: PMC5343937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinase inhibitors have been associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and may represent a potential therapeutic treatment for emphysema. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a plant Kunitz proteinase inhibitor, Enterolobium contortisiliquum trypsin inhibitor (EcTI), on several aspects of experimental elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. C57/Bl6 mice were intratracheally administered elastase (ELA) or saline (SAL) and were treated intraperitoneally with EcTI (ELA-EcTI, SAL-EcTI) on days 1, 14 and 21. On day 28, pulmonary mechanics, exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) and number leucocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated. Subsequently, lung immunohistochemical staining was submitted to morphometry. EcTI treatment reduced responses of the mechanical respiratory system, number of cells in the BALF, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive cells and volume proportion of isoprostane, collagen and elastic fibers in the airways and alveolar walls compared with the ELA group. EcTI treatment reduced elastase induced pulmonary inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress and mechanical alterations, suggesting that this inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic tool for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management.
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