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Cao Y, Li XY, Tchivelekete GM, Li X, Zhou X, He Z, Reilly J, Tan Z, Shu X. Bioinformatical and biochemical analyses on the protective role of traditional Chinese medicine against age-related macular degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1450-1462. [PMID: 35947018 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the commonest cause of permanent vision loss in the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used to treat AMD, although the underlying functional mechanisms are not understood. This study aims to predict the active ingredients through screening the chemical ingredients of anti-AMD Decoction and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We collected the prescriptions for effective AMD treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and screened several Chinese medicines that were used most frequently in order to compose "anti-AMD decoction". The pharmacologically active ingredients and corresponding targets in this anti-AMD decoction were mined using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Subsequently, the AMD-related targets were identified through the GeneCards database. Network pharmacology was performed to construct the visual network of anti-AMD Decoction-AMD protein-protein interaction (PPI). Further, the Autodock software was adopted for molecular docking on the core active ingredients and core targets. The function of core ingredients against oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial cells was assessed using biochemical assays. RESULTS We screened out 268 active ingredients in anti-AMD Decoction corresponding to 258 ingredient targets, combined with 2160 disease targets in AMD, and obtained 129 drug-disease common targets. The key core proteins were predominantly involved in inflammation. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that four potential active ingredients (Quercetin, luteolin, naringenin and hederagenin) had good affinity with the core proteins, IL6, TNF and MAPK3. Quercetin, luteolin and naringenin demonstrated capacities against oxidative stress and inflammation in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The data suggests that anti-AMD Decoction has multiple functional components and targets in treating AMD, possibly mediated by suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- Department of Chinese Medical, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Gabriel Mbuta Tchivelekete
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA.,Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Namibe, Angola
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhi Zhou
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA
| | - Zhiming He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- Department of Chinese Medical, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA
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Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Analysis of Dahuang-Huangqi Decoction Effectiveness in Alleviating Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4194827. [PMID: 35774743 PMCID: PMC9239803 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4194827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dahuang and Huangqi are the most frequently prescribed treatment methods for chronic kidney disease in China. Our study aimed to clarify the pharmacological mechanism of action of Dahuang-Huangqi decoction (DHHQD) in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The intersection of genes targeted by DHHQD active ingredients and RIF target genes was searched using network pharmacology to build a chemical ingredient and disease target network. For in vivo analysis, Sprague–Dawley rats with unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO) were administered DHHQD, and their kidney function-related indicators and pathological indices were determined. The expression of core targets was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. A total of 139 common targets for DHHQD and RIF in chronic kidney disease were detected. Compared with the untreated UUO rats, the DHHQD-treated rats showed reductions in the following: blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, kidney tubular atrophy and necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, hyperplasia and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, and microstructural changes in the mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane. DHHQD treatment significantly regulated the levels of renal core proteins, such as eNOS, IL-6, EGFR, and VEGF and reduced the mRNA and protein expression of the core targets involved in inflammation pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and TLR4/NF-κB. DHHQD treatment ameliorated the severity of RIF by potentially regulating the AKT/PI3K and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Our study findings provide insights into the mechanisms associated with DHHQD action and essential data for future research.
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Wang Y, Shi X, Li L, Efferth T, Shang D. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1297-1314. [PMID: 34247564 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a well-established medical system with a long history. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in many fields including TCM. AI will significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of diagnostics, thus increasing the use of effective therapeutic methods for patients. This systematic review provides an updated overview on the major breakthroughs in the field of AI-assisted TCM four diagnostic methods, syndrome differentiation, and treatment. AI-assisted TCM diagnosis is mainly based on digital data collected by modern electronic instruments, which makes TCM diagnosis more quantitative, objective, and standardized. As a result, the diagnosis decisions made by different TCM doctors exhibit more consistency, accuracy, and reliability. Meanwhile, the therapeutic efficacy of TCM can be evaluated objectively. Therefore, AI is promoting TCM from experience to evidence-based medicine, a genuine scientific revolution. Furthermore, huge and non-uniform knowledge on formula-syndrome relationships and the combination rules of herbal TCM formulae could be better standardized with the help of AI analysis, which is necessary for the clinical efficacy evaluation and further optimization on the standardized TCM formulae. AI bridges the gap between TCM and modern science and technology. AI may bring clinical TCM diagnostics closer to western medicine. With the help of AI, more scientific evidence about TCM will be discovered. It can be expected that more unified guidelines for specific TCM syndromes will be issued with the development of AI-assisted TCM therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Xiuming Shi
- Renaissance College, University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Drive, P. O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dong Shang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
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Exploring the Mechanism of Action of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction against Preeclampsia by a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8843833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (BBTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been revealed to promote symptoms of preeclampsia (PE) in clinical practice. However, its mechanisms of action and molecular targets for the treatment of PE are not clear. Method. The potential mechanisms of the BBTD against PE were explored using network pharmacology approach and bioinformatic analysis. The PE animal model was induced by phosphatidylserine/dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine. The effects of BBTD in the treatment of PE were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The expressions of RNA and proteins were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The cell behavior was detected using the MMT assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry assay. Results. A total of 173 active compounds of BBTD with 346 targets were identified, and 516 target genes related to PE were also identified from databases. 195 candidate targets for BBTD were screened from the merged PPI network of BBTD-target proteins and PE-related targets. The pathway enrichment analyses showed that the BBTD had the potential to influence a variety of biological pathways. Further pathway-gene network analysis suggested BBTD may improve symptoms of PE via several genes, including MDM2, TP53, RELA, MYC, AKT1, and EGFR. The validation results demonstrated that BBTD treatment promoted pregnancy outcome in the PE animal model. Meanwhile, BBTD regulated the gene expression of MDM2, TP53, RELA, MYC, and EGFR and inhibited the EGFR-JAK/STAT signaling pathway in placental tissue and trophoblast cells. In addition, BBTD promoted the proliferation and invasion and reduced the apoptosis of trophoblast cells. Conclusion. BBTD improved PE by inhibiting the EGFR-JAK/STAT signaling pathway and promoting the proliferation and invasion and reduced the apoptosis of trophoblast cells.
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He K, Chen H, Cao T, Lin J. Elucidation of the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Shuanglian Decoction for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:917-924. [PMID: 33458543 PMCID: PMC7808160 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Shuanglian decoction (SLD) is traditionally used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. However, its mechanisms of action and molecular targets for the treatment of HCC are not clear. The active compounds of SLD were collected and their targets were identified. HCC-related targets were obtained by analyzing the differentially expressed genes between HCC patients and healthy individuals. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) data were then obtained and PPI networks of SLD putative targets and HCC-related targets were visualized and merged to identify the candidate targets for SLD against HCC. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were carried out. The gene-pathway network was constructed to screen the key target genes. In total, 35 active compounds and 31 targets of SLD were identified. In total, 245 differentially expressed genes with P values <0.005 and |log2 (fold change)| > 1 were identified between HCC patients and control groups, and 68 target genes associated with HCC were finally identified. Twenty-one pathways including cellular senescence, p53 signaling pathway, and cell cycle were significantly enriched. CYP3A4 was the core gene and other several genes including CYP1A2, PPP3CA, PTGS2, CCCNB1, and CDK1 were the key genes in the gene-pathway network of SLD for the treatment of HCC. The results indicated that SLD's effects against HCC may relate to the regulation of an antioxidant function through specific biological processes and related pathways. This study demonstrates the application of network pharmacology in evaluating mechanisms of action and molecular targets of complex herbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Hepatobiliary
Surgery, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Hua Chen
- The
Second Tumor Department, Maoming People’s
Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Tianshou Cao
- Research
Center of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- Research
Center of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Jiang Y, Liu N, Zhu S, Hu X, Chang D, Liu J. Elucidation of the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Yiqi Shexue Formula for Treatment of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1136. [PMID: 31632275 PMCID: PMC6780007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Yiqi Shexue formula (YQSX) is traditionally used to treat primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. However, its mechanisms of action and molecular targets for treatment of ITP are not clear. The active compounds of YQSX were collected and their targets were identified. ITP-related targets were obtained by analyzing the differential expressed genes between ITP patients and healthy individuals. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) data were then obtained and PPI networks of YQSX putative targets and ITP-related targets were visualized and merged to identify the candidate targets for YQSX against ITP. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were carried out. The gene-pathway network was constructed to screen the key target genes. In total, 177 active compounds and 251 targets of YQSX were identified. Two hundred and thirty differential expressed genes with an P value < 0.005 and |log2(fold change)| > 1 were identified between ITP patient and control groups. One hundred and eighty-three target genes associated with ITP were finally identified. The functional annotations of target genes were found to be related to transcription, cytosol, protein binding, and so on. Twenty-four pathways including cell cycle, estrogen signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly enriched. MDM2 was the core gene and other several genes including TP53, MAPK1, CDKN1A, MYC, and DDX5 were the key gens in the gene-pathway network of YQSX for treatment of ITP. The results indicated that YQSX’s effects against ITP may relate to regulation of immunological function through the specific biological processes and the related pathways. This study demonstrates the application of network pharmacology in evaluating mechanisms of action and molecular targets of complex herbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Jiang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Pharmacology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of PK- PD, Beijing Increase Research for Drug Efficacy and Safety Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Zhu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Pharmacology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun F, Huang Y, Li L, Wang Y, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. PKA/β2-AR-Gs/Gi signaling pathway is associated with anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects of Fuzi and Banxia combination on rats subjected to pressure overload. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:375-384. [PMID: 30738114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Either Aconite Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) or Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) exerts anti-inflammatory activity and their combination has long been used in China for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, combination of two drugs is controversially prohibited in clinical prescriptions because it serves a representative incompatible pairs in "eighteen antagonisms". Up to date, whether the combination of Fuzi and Banxia could be used for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) especially charactered by systemic inflammation and the potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The pros and cons of Fuzi in combination with Banxia were evaluated in pressure overload (PO) rat models of HF in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to abdominal aorta constriction or sham-operated procedure. From week 12, rats were administered with low dose Fuzi (5.4 g kg-1 d-1), Banxia (5.4 g kg-1 d-1), combination (5.4 g kg-1 d-1 + 5.4 g kg-1 d-1), high dose Fuzi (10.8 g kg-1 d-1) or with vehicle (n = 15 per group) orally for additional 6 weeks. RESULTS Fuzi alone treatment led to exaggerated cardiac-renal response to PO, and occurred dramatically at high dose as manifested by markedly exacerbated cardiac-renal inflammation and myocardial fibrosis. Further studies revealed that cardiotoxicity of Fuzi may be associated with highly expression levels of β2-AR and PKA. In contrast, coadministration of Fuzi and Banxia restored cardiac function, as indicated by relieving inflammation and fibrosis as well as normalizing electrocardiogram parameters, which were accompanied by PKA down-regulation. More importantly, both high dose Fuzi and combination treatment enhanced induction of apoptosis, which could be partially associated with inhibition of β2-AR-Gi signaling. CONCLUSION Thus, combination of Fuzi and Banxia elicited concurrent protective and toxic effects in PO induced HF. The protective effect appeared to predominate and was associated with suppression of PKA/β2-AR-Gs signaling pathway. Unlike the eighteen antagonisms theory where Fuzi and Banxia combination was considered incompatible, in the present study, this herb pairs appeared to be benefit, and probably had potential therapeutic prospect in treating HFpEF and diseases associated with inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Diterpenes
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/pathology
- Male
- Pinellia/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Sun
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drugs Research and Development Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Yingying Huang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lili Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071667. [PMID: 30987173 PMCID: PMC6479889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) has been widely used as an antitussive herb for thousands of years in China. However, FTB's traditional uses, chemical compounds and pharmacological activities have not been systematically reviewed. This study aimed to review its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. We searched the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine to explore the historical records which indicate that it acts to clear heat, resolve phlegm, relieve cough, remove toxicity and disperse abscesses and nodules. We searched 11 databases to identify potential phytochemical or pharmacological studies. Characteristics of its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic and toxicity were descriptively summarized. A total of 9706 studies were identified and 83 of them were included. As a result, 134 chemical constituents were identified, including 26 alkaloids, 29 compounds found in essential oils, 13 diterpenoids, two carbohydrates, two sterols, 18 amino acids, six nucleosides, four nucleobases, four fatty acids, three lignans, and 27 elements. Thirteen pharmacological effects of FTB were identified, including anti-cancer, tracheobronchial relaxation, antitussive, expectorant, anti-muscarinic, anti-inflammation, anti-thyroid, regulation of blood rheology, antiulcer, anti-diarrhea, pain suppression, antioxidation and neuroprotection. These pharmacological activities may be mainly attributed to the alkaloids in FTB. Further phytochemical, pharmacological and network pharmacological studies are recommended.
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Vuong QH, Ho MT, Vuong TT, La VP, Ho MT, Nghiem KCP, Tran BX, Giang HH, Giang TV, Latkin C, Nguyen HKT, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Artificial Intelligence vs. Natural Stupidity: Evaluating AI readiness for the Vietnamese Medical Information System. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E168. [PMID: 30717268 PMCID: PMC6406313 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review paper presents a framework to evaluate the artificial intelligence (AI) readiness for the healthcare sector in developing countries: a combination of adequate technical or technological expertise, financial sustainability, and socio-political commitment embedded in a healthy psycho-cultural context could bring about the smooth transitioning toward an AI-powered healthcare sector. Taking the Vietnamese healthcare sector as a case study, this paper attempts to clarify the negative and positive influencers. With only about 1500 publications about AI from 1998 to 2017 according to the latest Elsevier AI report, Vietnamese physicians are still capable of applying the state-of-the-art AI techniques in their research. However, a deeper look at the funding sources suggests a lack of socio-political commitment, hence the financial sustainability, to advance the field. The AI readiness in Vietnam's healthcare also suffers from the unprepared information infrastructure-using text mining for the official annual reports from 2012 to 2016 of the Ministry of Health, the paper found that the frequency of the word "database" actually decreases from 2012 to 2016, and the word has a high probability to accompany words such as "lacking", "standardizing", "inefficient", and "inaccurate." Finally, manifestations of psycho-cultural elements such as the public's mistaken views on AI or the non-transparent, inflexible and redundant of Vietnamese organizational structures can impede the transition to an AI-powered healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Hoang Vuong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | - Manh-Tung Ho
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | | | - Viet-Phuong La
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | - Manh-Toan Ho
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | | | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hai-Ha Giang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thu-Vu Giang
- Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Carl Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hong-Kong T Nguyen
- A.I. for Social Data Lab (AISDL), Vuong & Associates, Dong Da district, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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Study on Cardiotoxicity and Mechanism of "Fuzi" Extracts Based on Metabonomics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113506. [PMID: 30405071 PMCID: PMC6274692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the toxicity of water and ethanol "Fuzi" (FZ) extracts and to explore the toxicity mechanism in rats. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared. Three groups of rats received the water extract, ethanol extract, or water by oral gavage for seven days. Pathological section staining of heart tissue. Colorimetric analysis was used to determine serum lactate dehydrogenase. The metabolic expression of small molecules in rats was measured by a metabolomics method. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CTnI, mTOR, and TGF-β1. The water and ethanol FZ extracts exert cardiotoxic effects via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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11
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Fuzi and Banxia Combination, Eighteen Antagonisms in Chinese Medicine, Aggravates Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy Associated with PKA/ β2AR-Gs Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2875873. [PMID: 30258466 PMCID: PMC6146551 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2875873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aconite Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) and Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) are a combination often used to treat cardiovascular diseases in ancient and modern clinical practice. However, eighteen antagonisms based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory often abided against such combination therapy. Therefore, exploring whether coadministration of the two herbs can be used in adriamycin- (ADR-) induced cardiomyopathy and clarifying the potential mechanism could help to guide its clinical application. Echocardiography experiments revealed that either Fuzi, Banxia, or their combination had effect on ADR-induced heart dysfunction, while high dose Fuzi exerted positive inotropic effect associated with restored PKA levels. Moreover, low dose Fuzi significantly reduced QT/QTc prolongation, inhibited cardiac apoptosis, and upregulated protein expression of PKA. However, combination of Fuzi and Banxia greatly aggravated QT/QTc prolongation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ADR rats compared with each drug alone, which was accompanied by a marked decrease in PKA, pSer346 levels. Similarly, Banxia alone treatment promoted cardiac apoptosis and downregulated protein levels of PKA and pSer346. Additionally, high dose Fuzi treatment also produced proapoptotic effect. Taken together, our study has provided the first direct evidence that combination of Fuzi, a positive inotropic agent, with Banxia promoted cardiac apoptosis in an ADR induced rat model of cardiomyopathy, which may be associated with suppression of PKA/β2AR-Gs signaling. This study also provides scientific language for better understanding of the risks and limitations of combination of Fuzi and Banxia in clinical applications.
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Fan Y, Li Y, Wu Y, Li L, Wang Y, Li Y. Identification of the Chemical Constituents in Simiao Wan and Rat Plasma after Oral Administration by GC-MS and LC-MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:6781593. [PMID: 28626487 PMCID: PMC5463147 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6781593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simiao Wan (SMW), an important multiherbal formula used in traditional Chinese medicine, is extensively used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. However, the knowledge of the bioactive components of SMW remains unclear. Thus, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analyze the chemical constituents of volatile and nonvolatile extracts of SMW, as well as its absorbed components in rat plasma after oral SMW administration. Identification of several compounds was enabled by comparison of retention times, MS spectra, and MS/MS spectral data with the standard substance and reference materials reported in the literature. In the volatile extracts, GC-MS identified 26 compounds in vitro, three of which observed in blood by GC-MS. In the nonvolatile extracts, LC-MS identified 49 compounds in SMW; 18 compounds containing 7 prototype compounds, 5 metabolites, and 6 unknown compounds were absorbed by blood. The proposed GC-MS and LC-MS method was appropriate not only for the rapid screening and identification of multiple components of an SMW extract but also for screening its bioactive constituents in vivo. The proposed method could be a promising tool for the quality control of other Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yamei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, No. 220, Dongting Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 3000457, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
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