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Du L, Yang D, Wu L, Mei L, Wu S, Ba Y, Bao Y, Su R, Song L. Integration of Gut Microbiota, Serum Metabolomic, and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Anti Insomnia Mechanism of Mongolian Medicine Sugemule-4 Decoction on Insomnia Model Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2617-2639. [PMID: 38957410 PMCID: PMC11217142 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s455600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explored the potential molecular mechanism of Sugemule-4 decoction (MMS-4D) in treating insomnia. Methods DL-4-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) + chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation (CUMS) was used to induce an insomnia model in rats. After the model was successfully established, MMS-4D was intervened at low, medium, and high doses for 7 days. The open-field test (OFT) was used to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy. The potential mechanism of MMS-4D in treating insomnia was investigated using gut microbiota, serum metabolomics, and network pharmacology (NP). Experimental validation of the main components of the key pathways was carried out using ELISA and Western blot. Results The weights of the insomnia-model rats were significantly raised (p ≤ 0.05), the total exercise distance in the OFT increased (p ≤ 0.05), the rest time shortened, and the number of standing times increased (p ≤ 0.05), after treatment with MMS-4D. Moreover, there was a substantial recovery in the 5-HT, DA, GABA, and Glu levels in the hypothalamus tissue and the 5-HT and GABA levels in the colon tissue of rats. The expression of DAT and DRD1 proteins in the hippocampus of insomnia rats reduced after drug treatment. MMS-4D may treat insomnia by regulating different crucial pathways including 5-HT -, DA -, GABA -, and Glu-mediated neuroactive light receiver interaction, cAMP signaling pathway, serotonergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic synapses. Conclusion This study revealed that MMS-4D can improve the general state and behavioral changes of insomnia model rats. Its mechanism may be related to the reversal of abnormal pathways mediated by 5-HT, DA, GABA, and Glu, such as Serotonergic synapse, Dopaminergic synapse, Glutamatergic synapse, and GABAergic synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Du
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Innovative Mongolian Medical Engineering Research Center, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wu
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Mei
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sarula Wu
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasula Ba
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Bao
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rigugaqiqige Su
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
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Shao G, Xie W, Jia X, Bade R, Xie Y, Qi R, Gong K, Bai H, Si L, Chen Y, Sun K, Bo A. Overview of Traditional Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1030-1041. [PMID: 35855342 PMCID: PMC9286911 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mongolian medical warm acupuncture is a traditional therapy of Mongolian medicine and was developed by people living on the Mongolian Plateau. This kind of traditional oriental medicine has a long history. The main characteristics of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture are the acupoints and the needles used. Its theory is based on the human anatomical structure and the distinct local culture. Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has been practiced for centuries and proved to be very effective in the treatment of age-related diseases, including the musculoskeletal and nervous diseases. This paper aims to briefly introduce the history and scope of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture, with a particular focus on age-related diseases, where Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has shown significant beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Guo Shao (), Dr. Kai Sun (), and Dr. Agula Bo (), Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoe Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rengui Bade
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yabing Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruifang Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kerui Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Haihua Bai
- Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.
| | - Lengge Si
- Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.
| | | | - Kai Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Guo Shao (), Dr. Kai Sun (), and Dr. Agula Bo (), Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Agula Bo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Guo Shao (), Dr. Kai Sun (), and Dr. Agula Bo (), Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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Effects of Acupuncture Treatment in Reducing Sleep Disorder and Gut Microbiota Alterations in PCPA-Induced Insomnia Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3626120. [PMID: 33178314 PMCID: PMC7647758 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3626120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic insomnia without intervention will do harm to people's physical and psychological health as well as the quality of life. While ensuring efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, such as acupuncture, overcomes the side effects of drugs. However, the molecular mechanism of traditional medicine is unclear and it encounters many obstacles in repetitiveness and popularization. On the other side, the placebo effects also need to be eliminated during the intervention. In this study, a number of indicators such as duration of sleep latency, serum markers, pineal gland immunohistochemistry, and gut microbes were detected in the PCPA-induced insomnia mice to compare the effects between acupuncture and hypnotic drug treatments. Although the food intake and weight were not changed, the results show that serum maker and gut microbiota alterations were mediated by concurrent changes in sleep disorder induced by PCPA in mice. Compared with the PCPA-induced insomnia group, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and norepinephrine were reduced in serum, and the melatonin was increased in the pineal gland of the acupuncture group as well as zopiclone drug group. Moreover, the analysis results from 16S tag sequencing of the gut microbiome bacterial rRNA hypervariable region show the same improvement effects between the two medical intervention groups. A co-occurrence network analysis showed that blank and acupuncture networks exhibited higher similarity than sham and zopiclone networks and the sham network possessed the highest complexity of microbial communities. Taken together, the gut microbiome will likely be a new target for improving sleep disorders, and taking into account the side effects of hypnotic drugs, nonpharmacological interventions such as acupuncture may be an effective means and have greater clinical benefits.
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Efficacy Comparison of Different Acupuncture Treatments for Primary Insomnia: A Bayesian Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8961748. [PMID: 31565065 PMCID: PMC6745175 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8961748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Acupuncture treatments are used frequently in the treatment of primary insomnia considering its less side effect. However, most treatment choices are made just based on personal experience among different forms of acupuncture. This study compared the effectiveness of different forms of acupuncture for primary insomnia by using network meta-analysis. Methods All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture treatments for primary insomnia were searched in seven databases from the date of database inception to January 6, 2019, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and VIP Chinese Science and Technique Journals (CQVIP) database. After screening, the effectiveness rate was extracted from the included RCTs as primary outcomes. The network meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3, Stata13.0, and GeMTC 0.14.3. Results Forty-two studies were included, which contained 3304 participants among 6 interventions. Based on the ranking probability and compared to western medicine, scalp acupuncture (OR = 8.12, 95% CI (4.07,16.81)) is considered to be the most effective method, followed by electroacupuncture (OR = 6.29, 95% CI (3.36, 12.67)), electroacupuncture combined scalp acupuncture (OR = 5.20, 95% CI (2.43,11.28)), warm acupuncture (OR = 3.79, 95% CI (1.85,8.16)), and conventional acupuncture (OR = 2.86, 95% CI (2.05,3.95)). There was no significant difference between the results of direct and indirect comparisons. Conclusions The finding indicated that five acupuncture methods may be all effective in the treatment of primary insomnia, and scalp acupuncture seems to be the best treatment. However, the overall quality of the included trials could only be ranked as medium to low quality, and higher quality RCTs are warranted for sufficient evidence.
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Cao HJ, Yu ML, Wang LQ, Fei YT, Xu H, Liu JP. Acupuncture for Primary Insomnia: An Updated Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:451-474. [PMID: 31013432 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Cao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Li Yu
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tong Fei
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xi Yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Research on Roles of Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture in Inhibiting p38 MAPK Activation and Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6571320. [PMID: 30174713 PMCID: PMC6106736 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6571320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has a desirable therapeutic effect on sciatica. Apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus cells is considered to play an important role in sciatica. Evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress and its induced activation of the signaling pathways play important roles in sciatica. However, further research is expected to reveal whether Mongolian medical warm acupuncture can inhibit the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and oxidative stress. Objective To study the effect of the p38 MAPK pathway activated by the generated ROS on apoptosis and the expression of the genes related to the balance of the extracellular matrix metabolism during treatment of sciatica with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture. Method The volume of the active oxygen generated in the nucleus pulposus cells was detected following intervention of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture. The p38 MAPK phosphorylation level was detected with Western blot. The genes are related to the metabolism of the nucleus pulposus extracellular matrix. Result Mongolian medical warm acupuncture reduced the active oxygen within the nucleus pulposus cells and inhibited the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway (P=0.013). Meanwhile, it upregulated the gene expression of Type II collagen, aggrecan, Sox-9, and tissue matrix metalloproteinase reagent 1 (P-0.015; P=0.025; P=0.031; P=0.045) and downregulated the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (P=0.015). Conclusion Mongolian medical warm acupuncture may inhibit apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and activation of the extracellular matrix decomposition metabolism pathway and promote its anabolism. This process may rely on the oxidative stress matrix of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Bo A, Si L, Wang Y, Bao L, Yuan H. Mechanism of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture in treating insomnia by regulating miR-101a in rats with insomnia. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:289-297. [PMID: 28672928 PMCID: PMC5488598 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and the target genes before and after warm acupuncture at the genetic level were assessed, and the cytokines and neurotransmitters related to insomnia were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to create PCPA insomnia rat models and randomly divided into the normal, model, warm acupuncture, and drug groups. The Dinghui Acupoint, Heyi Acupoint, and Xin Acupoint were inserted in the Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture group. The differential expression profile of microRNA in the brain tissue of the insomnia rats was determined before and after Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture for establishment of miR-101a mimics and inhibitor. qPCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-101a. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of PAX8. The rats receiving Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture had 141 miRNAs with differential expression compared with the normal rats. The expression level of miR-101a in the cells of the hippocampus of the insomnia rats transfected with miR-101a mimics increased significantly at 72 h (P<0.05). The activity of the neuronal cells transfected with miR-101a inhibitor increased significantly at 72 h (P<0.05). The western blotting result indicated that the expression of the PAX8 protein in the neuronal cells of the insomnia model rats was inhibited and downregulated significantly at 72 h after addition of miR-101a mimics compared with that in the scramble added group (P<0.01). The levels of the interleukins IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 and the tumor necrosis factor-α in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex decreased significantly compared with those in the blank control group (P<0.05). The levels of noradrenaline, dopamine, and glutamic decreased significantly following warm acupuncture or western medicine treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the upregulation of miR-101a in the rats treated with warm acupuncture is directly associated with PAX8 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agula Bo
- College of Traditional Mongolia Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Lengge Si
- College of Traditional Mongolia Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- College of Traditional Mongolia Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Lidao Bao
- College of Traditional Mongolia Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
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