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Bani Saeid A, De Rubis G, Williams KA, Yeung S, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Gupta G, Hansbro PM, Shahbazi MA, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Santos HA, Paudel KR, Dua K. Revolutionizing lung health: Exploring the latest breakthroughs and future prospects of synbiotic nanostructures in lung diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111009. [PMID: 38641145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of lung diseases underscores the need for innovative therapies. Dysbiosis in human body microbiome has emerged as a significant factor in these diseases, indicating a potential role for synbiotics in restoring microbial equilibrium. However, effective delivery of synbiotics to the target site remains challenging. Here, we aim to explore suitable nanoparticles for encapsulating synbiotics tailored for applications in lung diseases. Nanoencapsulation has emerged as a prominent strategy to address the delivery challenges of synbiotics in this context. Through a comprehensive review, we assess the potential of nanoparticles in facilitating synbiotic delivery and their structural adaptability for this purpose. Our review reveals that nanoparticles such as nanocellulose, starch, and chitosan exhibit high potential for synbiotic encapsulation. These offer flexibility in structure design and synthesis, making them promising candidates for addressing delivery challenges in lung diseases. Furthermore, our analysis highlights that synbiotics, when compared to probiotics alone, demonstrate superior anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities. This review underscores the promising role of nanoparticle-encapsulated synbiotics as a targeted and effective therapeutic approach for lung diseases, contributing valuable insights into the potential of nanomedicine in revolutionizing treatment strategies for respiratory conditions, ultimately paving the way for future advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Bani Saeid
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kylie A Williams
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV, 9713, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Gulati
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV, 9713, Groningen, the Netherlands; Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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Song YN, Lee JW, Ryu HW, Lee JK, Oh ES, Kim DY, Ro H, Yoon D, Park JY, Hong ST, Kim MO, Lee SU, Lee DY. Black Ginseng Extract Exerts Potentially Anti-Asthmatic Activity by Inhibiting the Protein Kinase Cθ-Mediated IL-4/STAT6 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11970. [PMID: 37569348 PMCID: PMC10418634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes respiratory difficulties. Black ginseng extract (BGE) has preventative effects on respiratory inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, the pharmacological mechanisms behind the anti-asthmatic activity of BGE remain unknown. To investigate the anti-asthmatic mechanism of BGE, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA/Iono)-stimulated mouse EL4 cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice with allergic airway inflammation were used. Immune cells (eosinophils/macrophages), interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -13, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell recruitment and mucus secretion in the lung tissue were estimated. Protein expression was analyzed via Western blotting, including that of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the activation of protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) and its downstream signaling molecules. BGE decreased T helper (Th)2 cytokines, serum IgE, mucus secretion, and iNOS expression in mice with allergic airway inflammation, thereby providing a protective effect. Moreover, BGE and its major ginsenosides inhibited the production of Th2 cytokines in PMA/Iono-stimulated EL4 cells. In EL4 cells, these outcomes were accompanied by the inactivation of PKCθ and its downstream transcription factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), which are involved in allergic airway inflammation. BGE also inhibited the activation of PKCθ and the abovementioned transcriptional factors in the lung tissue of mice with allergic airway inflammation. These results highlight the potential of BGE as a useful therapeutic and preventative agent for allergic airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Na Song
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- Rpbio Research Institute, Rpbio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Yoon Park
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.S.); (J.-W.L.); (H.W.R.); (E.S.O.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (M.-O.K.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea;
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Ogbu CE, Oparanma C, Ogbu SC, Ujah OI, Okoli ML, Kirby RS. Trends in the Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies among US Adults with Current Asthma. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 4:94-105. [PMID: 36975618 PMCID: PMC10048134 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia4010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementary and Alternative Medicines/Therapies (CAM) are commonly used by US asthma adults, yet little is known about recent trends in their use. Our aim was to report trends in CAM use among US adults with current asthma. We conducted a serial cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the BRFSS Asthma Call-Back Survey (ACBS) collected between 2008 and 2019 (sample size per cycle, 8222 to 14,227). The exposure was calendar time, as represented by ACBS cycle, while the main outcomes were use of at least one CAM and eleven alternative therapies. We analyzed CAM use overall and by population subgroups based on age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and daytime and night-time asthma symptoms. Our findings show that there was an increase in the use of at least one CAM from 41.3% in 2008 to 47.9% in 2019 (p-trend < 0.001) and an upward trend in the use of herbs, aromatherapy, yoga, breathing exercises, homeopathy, and naturopathy (p-trend < 0.05). However, the use of vitamins, acupuncture, acupressure, reflexology, and other CAM therapies remained stable (p-trend > 0.05). These trends varied according to population characteristics (age, sex, race, income) and asthma symptoms. In conclusion, our study suggests that CAM use among US adults with current asthma is either increasing or stable, and further studies are needed to explore the factors influencing these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka E Ogbu
- Chiles Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chisa Oparanma
- Department of Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Stella C Ogbu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Otobo I Ujah
- Chiles Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Menkeoma L Okoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Christus Health, Texas A&M University, Longview, TX 75601, USA
| | - Russell S Kirby
- Chiles Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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CAVO Inhibits Airway Inflammation and ILC2s in OVA-Induced Murine Asthma Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/8783078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO) is an aromatic Chinese medicine and is widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections in children. However, the mechanism of CAVO in asthma treatment is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CAVO on airway inflammation and the mechanism of inhibiting Group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in asthmatic mice, which was induced with Ovalbumin (OVA). CAVO improved AHR and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. CAVO reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while increased the production of IL-10, significantly. CAVO also inhibited the suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and IL-33 expressions in the lung tissue. Moreover, flow analyses demonstrated that CAVO inhibited ILC2s activation by reducing the sedimentation of its upstream cytokines, thus alleviating downstream cytokines. This could be because of the downregulated microRNA-155 and upregulated microRNA-146a. CAVO inhibits ILC2s activation, thus further attenuating airway inflammation and AHR in asthmatic mice. These effects may be related to the downregulation of microRNA-155 and upregulation of microRNA-146a.
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Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Nano-Delivered Functional Foods in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183828. [PMID: 36145202 PMCID: PMC9503475 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract is one of the most concerning public health issues, as it can lead to chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), some of which are more detrimental than others. Chronic respiratory diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. The conventional drug therapies for the management and treatment of CRDs only address the symptoms and fail to reverse or recover the chronic-inflammation-mediated structural and functional damage of the respiratory tract. In addition, the low efficacy and adverse effects of these drugs have directed the attention of researchers towards nutraceuticals in search of potential treatment strategies that can not only ameliorate CRD symptoms but also can repair and reverse inflammatory damage. Hence, there is a growing interest toward investigating the medicinal benefits of nutraceuticals, such as rutin, curcumin, zerumbone, and others. Nutraceuticals carry many nutritional and therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity properties, and usually do not have as many adverse effects, as they are naturally sourced. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has also been increasingly studied for the nano drug delivery of these nutraceuticals. The discrete size of nanoparticles holds great potential for the level of permeability that can be achieved when transporting these nutraceutical compounds. This review is aimed to provide an understanding of the use of nutraceuticals in combination with nanoparticles against CRDs and their mechanisms involved in slowing down or reversing the progression of CRDs by inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Chan Y, Raju Allam VSR, Paudel KR, Singh SK, Gulati M, Dhanasekaran M, Gupta PK, Jha NK, Devkota HP, Gupta G, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Nutraceuticals: unlocking newer paradigms in the mitigation of inflammatory lung diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-31. [PMID: 34613853 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent respiratory tract inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. These inflammatory respiratory diseases have been a major public health concern as they are the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity, resulting in heavy burden on socioeconomic growth throughout these years. Although various therapeutic agents are currently available, the clinical applications of these agents are found to be futile due to their adverse effects, and most patients remained poorly controlled with a low quality of life. These drawbacks have necessitated the development of novel, alternative therapeutic agents that can effectively improve therapeutic outcomes. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, and phytochemicals have gained increasing attention due to their nutritional properties and therapeutic potential in modulating the pathological mechanisms underlying inflammatory respiratory diseases, which could ultimately result in improved disease control and overall health outcomes. As such, nutraceuticals have been held in high regard as the possible alternatives to address the limitations of conventional therapeutics, where intensive research are being performed to identify novel nutraceuticals that can positively impact various inflammatory respiratory diseases. This review provides an insight into the utilization of nutraceuticals with respect to their molecular mechanisms targeting multiple signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin K Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Ma J, Liu MX, Chen LC, Shen JJ, Kuo ML. Ding Chuan Tang Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Eosinophil Infiltration in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Asthmatic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6692772. [PMID: 34595240 PMCID: PMC8478538 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a T helper 2 (Th2) cell-associated chronic inflammatory diseases characterized with airway obstruction, increased mucus production, and eosinophil infiltration. Conventional medications for asthma treatment cannot fully control the symptoms, and potential side effects are also the concerns. Thus, complement or alternative medicine (CAM) became a new option for asthma management. Ding Chuan Tang (DCT) is a traditional Chinese herbal decoction applied mainly for patients with coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and asthma. Previously, DCT has been proved to improve children airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a randomized and double-blind clinical trial. However, the mechanisms of how DCT alleviates AHR remain unclear. Since asthmatic features such as eosinophil infiltration, IgE production, and mucus accumulation are relative with Th2 responses, we hypothesized that DCT may attenuate asthma symptoms through regulating Th2 cells. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as a stimulant to sensitize BALB/c mice to establish an asthmatic model. AHR was detected one day before sacrifice. BALF and serum were collected for immune cell counting and antibody analysis. Splenocytes were cultured with OVA in order to determine Th2 cytokine production. Lung tissues were collected for histological and gene expression analyses. Our data reveal that DCT can attenuate AHR and eosinophil accumulation in the 30-day sensitization asthmatic model. Histological results demonstrated that DCT can reduce cell infiltration and mucus production in peribronchial and perivascular site. In OVA-stimulated splenocyte cultures, a significant reduction of IL-5 and IL-13 in DCT-treated mice suggests that DCT may alleviate Th2 responses. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that DCT has the potential to suppress allergic responses through the reduction of mucus production, eosinophil infiltration, and Th2 activity in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Xun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Systematic Review: Guideline-Based Approach for the Management of Asthma and Subtypes via Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4319657. [PMID: 33505494 PMCID: PMC7810530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4319657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic condition that results in the inflammation and narrowing of airways, often clinically presenting as wheeze and shortness of breath. Little is known of the mechanisms of action (MOA) of herbs used to treat asthma. The aim of this study is to review existing data regarding known MOA of traditional Chinese medicine which will aid in the understanding of possible interactions between Western drugs and Chinese herbs as well as the standardization of management via a proposed guideline to improve patient safety and possible synergism in the long term. Methods We searched through 5 databases for commonly prescribed herbs and formulas for asthma and narrowed down the search to identify the underlying MOA of individual herbs that could specifically target asthma symptoms. We included studies that stated the MOA of individual herbs when used for treating symptoms of asthma, excluding them if they are described as part of a formula. Results A total of 26 herbs commonly prescribed for asthma with known mechanism of action were identified. Herbs used for asthma were found to have similar MOA as that for drugs. Based on existing GINA guidelines, a guideline is proposed which includes a total of 5 steps depending on the severity of asthma and the herbs' MOA. 16 formulas were subsequently identified for the management of asthma, which consist of 12 “stand-alone” and 4 “add-on” formulas. “Stand-alone” formulas used independently for asthma generally follow the GINA guidelines but do not proceed beyond step 3. These formulas consist mainly of beta-agonist and steroid-like effects. “Add-on” formulas added as adjunct to “stand-alone” formulas, however, mainly act on T helper cells or have steroid-like effects. Conclusion Through the understanding of MOA of herbs and their respective formulas, it will ensue greater patient safety and outcomes.
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Helminthostachys zeylanica Water Extract Ameliorates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Eosinophil Infiltration by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Th2 Cytokine Production in a Mouse Asthma Model. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1702935. [PMID: 33343229 PMCID: PMC7725587 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1702935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminthostachys zeylanica is a traditional folk herb used to improve inflammation and fever in Taiwan. Previous studies showed that H. zeylanica extract could ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H. zeylanica water (HZW) and ethyl acetate (HZE) extracts suppressed eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic mice, and decreased the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in tracheal epithelial cells. Human tracheal epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were pretreated with various doses of HZW or HZE (1 μg/ml-10 μg/ml), and cell inflammatory responses were induced with IL-4/TNF-α. In addition, female BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), to induce asthma, were orally administered with HZW or HZE. The result demonstrated that HZW significantly inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species in activated BEAS-2B cells. HZW also decreased ICAM-1 expression and blocked monocytic cells from adhering to inflammatory BEAS-2B cells in vitro. Surprisingly, HZW was more effective than HZE in suppressing the inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells. Our results demonstrated that HZW significantly decreased AHR and eosinophil infiltration, and reduced goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs of asthmatic mice. HZW also inhibited oxidative stress and reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our findings suggest that HZW attenuated the pathological changes and inflammatory response of asthma by suppressing Th2 cytokine production in OVA-sensitized asthmatic mice.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine-Guided Dietary Intervention for Male Youth Undergoing Drug Detoxification: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3870316. [PMID: 31871480 PMCID: PMC6913165 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3870316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine- (TCM-) guided dietary interventions in improving yang-qi deficiency and yin-blood deficiency TCM syndromes according to the principles of TCM syndrome differentiation theory in male youths undergoing drug detoxification during the rehabilitation period who stayed in a compulsory isolation detoxification center. Methods Male youths undergoing drug detoxification who met the criteria to be included in the study were randomly divided into the intervention group (n = 62) and the control group (n = 61) according to a random number table in a 1 : 1 ratio. The intervention group received a TCM-guided diet, and the control group received routine food support. Over an intervention period of 3 months, we observed changes in the TCM syndrome element scores in the two groups before and after intervention. Results After 3 months, the qi deficiency, yin deficiency, blood deficiency, and yin-blood deficiency syndrome in the intervention group improved significantly (P values 0.009, 0.000, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively). In the control group, yang deficiency, qi deficiency, and yang-qi deficiency syndromes worsened significantly (P values 0.003, 0.032, and 0.009, respectively). The differences (post-pre) in yang deficiency, qi deficiency, yang-qi deficiency, yin deficiency, blood deficiency, and yin-blood deficiency syndromes between the two groups were statistically significant (P values 0.003, 0.003, 0.003, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion A TCM-guided diet can delay the worsening of yang-qi deficiency syndrome symptoms and improve yin-blood deficiency syndrome and the prognosis of male youth undergoing drug detoxification during the rehabilitation period.
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Tomatidine Attenuates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Suppressing Th2 Cytokines in a Mouse Model of Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5261803. [PMID: 29386751 PMCID: PMC5745703 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5261803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomatidine is isolated from the fruits of tomato plants and found to have anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. In the present study, we investigated whether tomatidine suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and eosinophil infiltration in asthmatic mice. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with tomatidine by intraperitoneal injection. Airway resistance was measured by intubation analysis as an indication of airway responsiveness, and histological studies were performed to evaluate eosinophil infiltration in lung tissue. Tomatidine reduced AHR and decreased eosinophil infiltration in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Tomatidine suppressed Th2 cytokine production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Tomatidine also blocked the expression of inflammatory and Th2 cytokine genes in lung tissue. In vitro, tomatidine inhibited proinflammatory cytokines and CCL11 production in inflammatory BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. These results indicate that tomatidine contributes to the amelioration of AHR and eosinophil infiltration by blocking the inflammatory response and Th2 cell activity in asthmatic mice.
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Fibulin-5 promotes airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via modulating Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:985-991. [PMID: 28942149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic disease mainly occurs from childhood. Increased airway smooth muscle mass is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Fibulin-5 was upregulated in the lung tissues of patients with COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate Fibulin-5 expression in asthmatic patients and the effect and mechanism of Fibulin-5 on the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). The expression of Fibulin-5, YAP, and TAZ in the induced sputum of 38 asthmatic children (19 mild and 19 moderate asthmatics) and 19 healthy controls was determined. The effects and mechanisms of Fibulin-5 on the proliferation and migration of ASMCs were analyzed through upregulating Fibulin-5. We found compared with healthy controls, the expression of Fibulin-5, YAP, and TAZ was increased in the induced sputum of asthmatic children and much higher in moderate asthmatics. Fibulin-5 overexpression promoted the proliferation and migration of ASMCs, upregulated the expression of YAP and TAZ, and reduced the levels of p-YAP and p-TAZ. YAP inhibitor (Peptide 17) abrogated the proliferation and migration of ASMCs induced by Fibulin-5 overexpression in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Fibulin-5 overexpression enhanced its binding capacity of β1 integrin, and β1 integrin blocking antibody partly reversed the effect of Fibulin-5 overexpression on the levels of YAP and TAZ. In conclusion, Fibulin-5 expression is correlated with the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. It may function at least partly through binding to β1 integrin and modulating Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway to promote the proliferation and migration of ASMCs.
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Yang ZC, Yi MJ, Shan YC, Wang C, Ran N, Jin LY, Fu P, Feng XY, Xu L, Qu ZH. Targeted inhibition of Six1 attenuates allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1820-1825. [PMID: 27847210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by lung eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion by goblet cells and airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled allergens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Six1 on airway inflammation and remodeling and the underlying mechanisms in a murine model of chronic asthma. Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: phosphate-buffered saline control, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma group, OVA+siNC and OVA+siSix1. In this mice model, Six1 expression level was significantly elevated in OVA-induced asthma of mice. Additionally, downregulation of Six1 dramatically decreased OVA-challenged inflammation, infiltration, and mucus production. Moreover, silencing of Six1 resulted in decreased levels of immunoglobulin E and inflammatory mediators and reduced inflammatory cell accumulation, as well as inhibiting the expression of important mediators including matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9, which is related to airway remodeling. Further analysis indicated that silencing of Six1 can significantly inhibit NF-kB pathway activation in the lungs. .In conclusion, these findings indicated that the downregulation of Six1 effectively inhibited airway inflammation and reversed airway remodeling, which suggest that Six1 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for human allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chuan Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ming-Ji Yi
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yan-Chun Shan
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ni Ran
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Jin
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xue-Ying Feng
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hai Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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