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Visualization and Analysis of the Mapping Knowledge Domain of Acupuncture and Central Nervous System Cell Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1751702. [PMID: 35463084 PMCID: PMC9023158 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1751702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chinese acupuncture therapy has demonstrated good clinical effects on neurological diseases and is widely used internationally. In the past 20 years, an increasing number of researchers around the world have devoted themselves to the study of the effect and mechanism of acupuncture for the treatment of central nervous system cell apoptosis. To discover the current research status of acupuncture-induced antiapoptosis in the central nervous system, we used the method of scientometric research and data visualization software to visually analyse 155 articles. The findings are as follows. First, the antiapoptosis effects of acupuncture in the central nervous system have received increasing attention overseas and domestically. China and the United States have leading positions in this research field. Second, 5 stable and high-yielding research teams have been formed in the field of acupuncture-induced antiapoptosis. The main research directions of these teams are electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment for the central nervous system cell apoptosis, acupuncture for antineuronal apoptosis in vascular dementia, EA regulation of related signalling pathways, EA regulation of nerve cell apoptosis and autophagy after stroke, and EA regulation of the MAPK signalling pathway. Researchers on teams with more extensive cooperation have more research results and better research continuity. Third, there are diversified research hotspots. The original research hotspots are still receiving attention, and new hotspots have emerged in recent years.
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Protective Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Alleviating Autophagy in the Ischemic Penumbra. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9937264. [PMID: 34917161 PMCID: PMC8670924 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9937264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the protective effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) against cerebral ischemia reperfusion and investigate whether autophagy is involved in its mechanism of action. Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham, cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R), and I/R + BHD groups. A rat model of cerebral I/R injury was established via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, followed by 1, 3, and 7 d of reperfusion. Neurological scores and regional cerebral blood flow were assessed to determine whether the model was successfully established. Brain infarct volume was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The apoptosis rate was detected using TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, and neuronal damage was evaluated by Nissl staining. The Beclin-1 and LC3 protein levels in the ischemic core, penumbra, and contralateral area were analysed by Western blotting. The occurrence of autophagy in the penumbra was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results BHD treatment alleviated the cerebral infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis rate, and neuronal damage 3 and 7 d after cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, 3 d after reperfusion, we observed that the Beclin-1 levels were significantly decreased in the core in the I/R group, whereas transformation of LC3 I to LC3 II exhibited no obvious differences between the sham and I/R groups. In the penumbra, the Beclin-1 levels and transformation of LC3 I to LC3 II in the I/R group were significantly increased compared with that in the sham group. However, no significant difference in the contralateral area was noted between the two groups. BHD significantly inhibited the expression of Beclin-1 and the transformation of LC3 I to LC3 II in the penumbra after cerebral I/R injury but yielded no significant changes in the core and contralateral area. Conclusions BHD exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting autophagy in neurons in the penumbra after cerebral I/R injury.
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Zhao Y, Wang P, Chen Z, Li M, Zhang D, Yang L, Li H. Research Progress of Electrical Stimulation in Ischemic Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:761877. [PMID: 34805318 PMCID: PMC8595213 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a considerable health burden worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. Treatments for IHD are mainly focused on decreasing oxygen demand or increasing myocardial oxygen supply, including pharmacological, interventional, and surgical treatment, but there are also some limitations. Therefore, it is important to find a simple, effective, and economical treatment. As non-invasive and safe physiotherapy, electrical stimulation (ES) has a promising application in the treatment of IHD. Current studies suggest that ES can affect the occurrence and development of IHD by promoting angiogenesis, regulating autophagy and apoptosis, inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In this review, we focus predominantly on the mechanism of ES and the current progress of ES therapy in IHD, furthermore, give a brief introduction to the forms of ES in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Manman Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Tian W, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Mao C, Zou R, Cui Y, Li S, Zhu J, Hu C. Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Mitophagy via mTOR-ULK1/FUNDC1 Axis in Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 31:106202. [PMID: 34775182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment has been shown to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the involvement of mTOR signaling in the protective role of EA in I/R-induced brain damage and mitochondrial injury. METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were pretreated with vehicle, EA (at Baihui and Shuigou acupoints), or rapamycin + EA for 30 min daily for 5 consecutive days, followed by the middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce I/R injury. The neurological functions of the rats were assessed using the Longa neurological deficit scores. The rats were sacrificed immediately after neurological function assessment. The brains were obtained for the measurements of cerebral infarct area. The mitochondrial structural alterations were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondrial membrane potential changes were detected by JC-1 staining. The alterations in autophagy-related protein expression were examined using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with untreated I/R rats, EA-pretreated rats exhibited significantly decreased neurological deficit scores and cerebral infarct volumes. EA pretreatment also reversed I/R-induced mitochondrial structural abnormalities and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, EA pretreatment downregulated the protein expression of LC3-II, p-ULK1, and FUNDC1 while upregulating the protein expression of p-mTORC1 and LC3-I. Rapamycin effectively blocked the above-mentioned effects of EA. CONCLUSION EA pretreatment at Baihui and Shuigou alleviates cerebral I/R injury and mitochondrial impairment in rats through activating the mTORC1 signaling. The suppression of autophagy-related p-ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effects of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenlu Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaomei Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu H, Zhang B, Li XW, Du J, Feng PP, Cheng C, Zhu ZH, Lou KL, Ruan C, Zhou C, Sun XW. Acupuncture inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin, promotes autophagy and attenuates neurological deficits in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke. Acupunct Med 2021; 40:59-67. [PMID: 34284645 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211028873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately 15% of all stroke cases. Previous studies suggested that acupuncture may improve ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, we investigated the effects of acupuncture on neurological deficits in an animal model of ICH. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with autologous blood (50 μL) into the right caudate nucleus. Additional rats underwent sham surgery as controls. ICH rats either received acupuncture (GV20 through GB7 on the side of the lesion) or sham acupuncture (1 cm to the right side of the traditional acupuncture point locations). Some ICH rats received acupuncture plus rapamycin injection into the right lateral ventricle. Neurological deficits in the various groups were assessed based on composite neurological score. The perihemorrhagic penumbra was analyzed by histopathology following hematoxylin-eosin staining. Levels of autophagy-related proteins light chain (LC)3 and p62 as well as of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related proteins, and phosphorylated (p)-mTOR and p-S6K1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1), were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Acupuncture significantly improved composite neurological scores 7 days after ICH (17.7 ± 1.49 vs 14.8 ± 1.32, p < 0.01). Acupuncture augmented autophagosome and autolysosome accumulation based on transmission electron microscopy. Acupuncture significantly increased expression of LC3 (p < 0.01) but decreased expression of p62 (p < 0.01). Acupuncture also reduced levels of p-mTOR and p-S6K1 (both p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Acupuncture improved neurological deficits in a rat model of ICH, possibly by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beng Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Wei Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Du
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Pei Feng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Lang Lou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ruan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Yang Y, Zhou L, Xue F, An L, Jin M, Li L. Transmembrane Protein 166 and its Significance. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:382-387. [PMID: 33006534 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201002150316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 166 (TMEM166) is a lysosomal/endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein found in different species where it functions as a regulator of programmed cell death through autophagy and apoptosis. It is expressed in a variety of normal tissues and organs, and it is involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cancers, infection, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies indicated that TMEM166 is associated with autophagosomal membrane development. TMEM166 can cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to the release of proteolytic enzymes, e.g., cathepsins, that may cause potential mitochondrial membrane damage, which triggers several autophagic and apoptotic events. A low level of TMEM166 expression is also found in tumors, while high level of TMEM166 is found in brain ischemia. In addition, loss of TMEM166 leads to impaired NSC self-renewal and differentiation along with a decrease in autophagy. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the pathways involved in the role of TMEM166 in programmed cell death and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fushan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cao S, Yang Y, Yu Q, Shu S, Zhou S. Electroacupuncture alleviates ischaemic brain injury by regulating the miRNA-34/Wnt/autophagy axis. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:155-161. [PMID: 33556563 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA), a modern form of acupuncture therapy, has been widely used for the treatment of ischaemic brain injury. However, the molecular mechanism by which EA improves ischaemic brain injury remains unclear. In the current study, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were treated with EA. The infarct volumes and apoptosis of neurocytes were assessed to determine the therapeutic effect of EA. The differentially expressed miRNAs between the control, MCAO and MCAO treated with EA groups were detected by high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that EA treatment decreased neurocyte apoptosis and ischaemic infarct volume. Between the three groups, miR-34, miR-235 and miR-275 were found to be significantly different. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway data suggest that the Wnt pathway may play an important role in ischaemic brain injury and in the treatment of EA. Our data documented that miR-34 was obviously increased in the MCAO group, while EA treatment decreased miR-34 expression. WNT1 was the target of miR-34 and was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. A previous study suggested that the Wnt pathway mediates autophagy in EA-pretreated MCAO mice. Our data further confirmed that EA treatment after MCAO also alleviated autophagy in the MCAO group. Our results suggest that EA treatment alleviates ischaemic brain injury by inhibiting autophagy through the miR-34/Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiao Cao
- Basic Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Basic Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Shu
- Basic Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Xing Y, Zhang M, Wang MM, Feng YS, Dong F, Zhang F. The Anti-apoptosis Effect of Single Electroacupuncture Treatment via Suppressing Neuronal Autophagy in the Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke Without Infarct Alleviation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:633280. [PMID: 33603645 PMCID: PMC7884854 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.633280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to investigate the antiapoptotic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in the acute stage of ischaemic stroke in rats. The cerebral ischemia model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion in rats. A single EA treatment was performed at the acute stage of ischaemic stroke. The neurological function, brain water content, apoptotic cell number, and cerebral infarct volume were assessed in stroke rats. The expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3II/I, Beclin1, P62, and LAMP1), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), p-JNK, p-ERK1/2, and cleaved caspase-3 (CCAS3) were measured by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Rapamycin (RAP, an activator of autophagy) was used to confirm the antiapoptotic effect of EA via regulating autophagy. The brain edema infarct size and apoptotic cell number were increasing within 3 days following stroke, and brain edema reached its peak at 24 h after stroke. EA treatment at 24 h after ischaemic stroke obviously suppressed the number of apoptotic cells and brain edema. However, there were no significant differences in infarct volumes among EA-12 h, EA-24 h, and MCAO/R group. Moreover, EA treatment at 24 h after ischaemic stroke obviously suppressed the expression of CCAS3, LC3II/I, Beclin1 while increasing the level of P62 and LAMP1 and hence mediating autophagy, which was reversed by RAP. Meanwhile, the expression of SIRT1, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK were promoted by EA at 24 h after ischaemic stroke. In conclusion, EA treatment may suppress apoptosis possibly via regulating autophagy in the acute period after ischaemic stroke, hence reducing brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Man-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
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Electroacupuncture Pretreatment against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Mitophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7486041. [PMID: 32963572 PMCID: PMC7499311 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7486041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can induce the mitophagy of neurons in the ischemic brain. Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its internal mechanism still needs to be further studied. The present study's purpose is to investigate whether mitophagy is involved in neuroprotection elicited by EA pretreatment in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The rats were pretreated with vehicle, EA at the Baihui (GV20) and Shuigou (GV26) acupoints 30 min daily, for 5 days consecutively prior to the focal cerebral ischemia injury induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Compared to the sham group, the neurological scores, infarction volume, number of autophagosomes, FUNDC1, p62, and the ratio of LC3-II/I were significantly increased but mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy-related protein p-mTORC1 significantly decreased in the I/R group. However, EA pretreatment significantly reversed these trends. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that EA pretreatment protected the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury which maybe correlated with mitophagy.
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Luo HC, Yi TZ, Huang FG, Wei Y, Luo XP, Luo QS. Role of long noncoding RNA MEG3/miR-378/GRB2 axis in neuronal autophagy and neurological functional impairment in ischemic stroke. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14125-14139. [PMID: 32605923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been shown to maintain neural system homeostasis during stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal autophagy in ischemic stroke remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the pathway consisting of MEG3 (maternally expressed gene 3), microRNA-378 (miR-378), and GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) in neuronal autophagy and neurological functional impairment in ischemic stroke. A mouse model of the middle cerebral artery occluded-induced ischemic stroke and an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury were developed. To understand the role of the MEG3/miR-378/GRB2 axis in the neuronal regulation, the expression of proteins associated with autophagy in neurons was measured by Western blotting analysis, and neuron death was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase leakage rate test. First, it was found that the GRB2 gene, up-regulated in middle cerebral artery occluded-operated mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation-exposed neurons, was a target gene of miR-378. Next, miR-378 inhibited neuronal loss and neurological functional impairment in mice, as well as neuronal autophagy and neuronal death by silencing of GRB2. Confirmatory in vitro experiments showed that MEG3 could specifically bind to miR-378 and subsequently up-regulate the expression of GRB2, which in turn suppressed the activation of Akt/mTOR pathway. Taken together, these findings suggested that miR-378 might protect against neuronal autophagy and neurological functional impairment and proposed that a MEG3/miR-378/GRB2 regulatory axis contributed to better understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ting-Zhuang Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Fu-Gao Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Effect of Acupuncture on Oxidative Stress Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030248. [PMID: 32204376 PMCID: PMC7139408 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review how acupuncture regulates oxidative stress to prevent ischemia–reperfusion injury. We electronically searched databases, including PubMed, Clinical Key and the Cochrane Library, from their inception to November 2019 by using the following medical subject headings and keywords: acupuncture, ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants. We concluded that acupuncture is effective in treating oxidation after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition to increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and downregulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acupuncture also repairs the DNA, lipids, and proteins attacked by ROS and mediates downstream of the ROS pathway to apoptosis.
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12
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Cao M, Fang Y, Jia W, Wang Y, Sun J, Tao D. Emodin relieves hypoxia-triggered injury via elevation of microRNA-25 in PC-12 cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2678-2687. [PMID: 31257935 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1633339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emodin (EMO) possesses extensive pharmacological activities, which has been proven to exert the protective impact in diverse nervous system diseases. Nonetheless, whether EMO emerges a neuro-protective activity in hypoxic-evoked ischemic brain injury is still further probed. The intention of the research is to disclose whether EMO emerges neuro-protective activity in hypoxic-evoked ischemic brain injury. PC-12 received hypoxia administration, and then cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy were estimated. After EMO disposition, the above-involved cellular processes were evaluated again. MiR-25 functions in EMO-affected cells were also estimated. The interrelation between miR-25 and neurofilament light-chain polypeptide gene (NEFL) and the conceivable roles of NEFL in hypoxia-disposed cells were investigated. The latent mechanism was uncovered by mTOR and Notch pathways determination. Hypoxia triumphantly triggered apoptosis and autophagy, but EMO repressed these functions in PC-12 cells. Increased miR-25 was induced by EMO, and inhibited miR-25 abated the impacts of EMO on hypoxia-disposed PC-12 cells. NEFL as a neoteric target gene of miR-25 was predicated, and overexpressed NEFL annulled the functions of EMO in hypoxia-injured cells. EMO activated mTOR and Notch pathways through repressing NEFL. The investigations corroborated that EMO weakened hypoxia-triggered injury via elevating miR-25 by targeting NEFL in PC-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Cao
- a Department of Rehabilitation, Zibo Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital , Zibo , PR China
| | - Yuqing Fang
- b Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University , Jinan , PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- c Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University , Jinan , PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- d Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , PR China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- d Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , PR China
| | - Dingbo Tao
- d Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , PR China
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Lu J, Zheng Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Cao W, Chen X, Fang S. Resveratrol alleviates inflammatory injury and enhances the apoptosis of fibroblast‑like synoviocytes via mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:463-472. [PMID: 31180523 PMCID: PMC6580038 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a bioactive compound predominantly found in grapes and red wine, provides a wide range of properties that are beneficial for health, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Previously published studies have addressed the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol on rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the subcellular mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated, and the mechanisms of resveratrol-induced apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were further examined. Based on the findings, resveratrol treatment over a 12-day period led to a reduction in paw swelling and arthritis scores at the macroscopic level, and an attenuation of inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial hyperplasia, upon a histopathological examination of the AA rats. Furthermore, the administration of resveratrol triggered decreases in the expression of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and an increase in the expression of IL-10, alleviating inflammatory injury in AA rats in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol was revealed to induce the apoptosis of FLSs when administered with 5 µM H2O2 as determined by elevated levels of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-12 and C/EBP-homologous protein, and the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), suggesting that resveratrol is able to induce apoptosis in FLSs via the mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a milieu containing 5 µM H2O2. Furthermore, JC-1 was used as a fluorescent probe to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and resveratrol was shown to reduce the Δψm in FLSs in the presence of 5 µM H2O2. However, resveratrol was not able to trigger intracellular calcium overload, although it did suppress ATP- and thapsigargin-induced calcium release from the ER. In conclusion, the present study revealed that resveratrol was able to alleviate inflammatory injury in AA rats, triggering the apoptosis of FLSs via the mitochondrial pathway and ER stress. These results provide a theoretical basis for future treatments using resveratrol for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yongshun Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Wang T, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Cao W, Chen X. Effect of lentivirus-mediated overexpression or silencing of MnSOD on apoptosis of resveratrol-treated fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 844:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huang YG, Tao W, Yang SB, Wang JF, Mei ZG, Feng ZT. Autophagy: novel insights into therapeutic target of electroacupuncture against cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:954-961. [PMID: 30761999 PMCID: PMC6404501 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture is known as an effective adjuvant therapy in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Studies suggest that autophagy, which is essential for cell survival and cell death, is involved in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and might be modulate by electroacupuncture therapy in key ways. This paper aims to provide novel insights into a therapeutic target of electroacupuncture against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury from the perspective of autophagy. Here we review recent studies on electroacupuncture regulation of autophagy-related markers such as UNC-51-like kinase-1 complex, Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3, p62, and autophagosomes for treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results of these studies show that electroacupuncture may affect the initiation of autophagy, vesicle nucleation, expansion and maturation of autophagosomes, as well as fusion and degradation of autophagolysosomes. Moreover, studies indicate that electroacupuncture probably modulates autophagy by activating the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway. This review thus indicates that autophagy is a therapeutic target of electroacupuncture treatment against ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Guang Huang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Song-Bai Yang
- Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Mei
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University; Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Feng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
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Liu J, Wang Q, Yang S, Huang J, Feng X, Peng J, Lin Z, Liu W, Tao J, Chen L. Electroacupuncture Inhibits Apoptosis of Peri-Ischemic Regions via Modulating p38, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N Terminal Kinases (JNK) in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion-Injured Rats. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4395-4404. [PMID: 29943755 PMCID: PMC6048997 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that inhibition of apoptosis prevents the dysfunction of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury, JNK/ERK1/2 and p38 play an essential role in regulation of cell apoptosis. Electroacupuncture (EA), a form of acupuncture, has demonstrated superiority in preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects of electroacupuncture at Shenting (GV24) and Baihui (GV20) acupoints on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (MCAO) rats, and explored whether JNK/ERK1/2- and p38-mediated cell apoptosis are involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rats were divided into a sham operation control group, an ischemia group, and an electroacupuncture group with acupuncture applied for 10 days (30 min per day). TTC staining was used to calculate the ischemic brain volume. TUNEL staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis and Bio-Plex were used to detect JNK, p38, ERK1/2, Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression. RESULTS We found that electroacupuncture at day 10 significantly reduced cerebral infarction. In addition, electroacupuncture suppressed activation of JNK and p38, while enhancing the activation of ERK1/2 in the peri-ischemic regions. Consequently, the effect of electroacupuncture on these pathways resulted in the inhibition of apoptosis, which was demonstrated by TUNEL and transmission electron microscopy. We found that electroacupuncture upregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio in peri-ischemic regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that inhibition of cell apoptosis via regulating multiple signaling pathways might be a mechanism whereby electroacupuncture has a positive therapeutic effect on post-stroke impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Shanli Yang
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Zhengkun Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Exercise Rehabilitation, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Exercise Rehabilitation, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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Wang M, Wang J, Liu Z, Guo X, Wang N, Jia N, Zhang Y, Yuan J. Effects of intermedin on autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neuropeptides 2018; 68:15-21. [PMID: 29128104 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermedin (IMD) on autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIRI). METHODS Sixty rats were randomly averaged into four groups: sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), IMD, and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In the sham group, the right common carotid artery, external carotid artery, and internal carotid artery were detached, and no monofilament was inserted. In the other groups, two hours after cerebral ischemia, the rats were injected through the lateral ventricle with normal saline for I/R group, IMD for the IMD group, and 3-MA for the 3-MA group for 24h. The cerebral injury was assessed by evaluation of neurological function, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expressions of autophagy associated proteins, such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and sequestosome 1 (P62) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the brains. RESULTS IMD could reduce neuron cell damage and infarction formation and has a protective effect against CIRI as 3-MA. The levels of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 were significantly decreased and the P62 level was significantly higher in the IMD group compared with I/R group, which is similar to the effect of 3-MA on CIRI. CONCLUSIONS IMD has a similar effect as 3-MA, can reduce pathological neuronal injury and protect the brain against CIRI in rats by attenuating the effects of autophagy. Our findings provide evidence for IMD's protective effects in relation to ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Tangshan Union Medical College Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252600, Shandong province, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Nana Jia
- College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Institute of Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China.
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Cai W, Shen WD. Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms of Acupuncture in Neurological Diseases: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:515-535. [PMID: 29595076 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, known as programmed cell death, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Most of these diseases can be obviously alleviated by means of acupuncture treatment. Current research studies have shown that the efficacy of acupuncture to these medical conditions is closely associated with the anti-apoptotic potentials. Mainly based on the acupuncture's anti-apoptotic efficacy in prevalent neurological disorders, including cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, depression or stress related-modes, spinal cord injuries, etc., this review comes to a conclusion that the anti-apoptotic effect of acupuncture treatment for neurological diseases, evidently reflected through Bcl-2, Bax or caspase expression change, results from regulating mitochondrial or autophagic dysfunction as well as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The possible mechanisms of acupuncture's anti-apoptotic effect are associated with a series of downstream signaling pathways and the up-regulated expression of neurotrophic factors. It is of great importance to illuminate the exact mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Cai
- 1 Department of Acupuncture, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Shen
- 1 Department of Acupuncture, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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19
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Cao W, Zhang J, Wang G, Lu J, Wang T, Chen X. Reducing-Autophagy Derived Mitochondrial Dysfunction during Resveratrol Promotes Fibroblast-Like Synovial Cell Apoptosis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1179-1188. [PMID: 29461680 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis patients, the fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) growth is not controlled normally, but is similar to the tumor cells proliferation in histology. Our previous studies have shown that resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of FLS and promotes FLS apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in resveratrol-induced FLS apoptosis have not been determined yet. Here, we showed that the FLS cell viability (following pretreatment with 5 µM H2 O2 for 24 hr) exhibited better proliferation performance than at other concentrations via the CCK-8 assay. The cell apoptotic rate increased with the increasing concentration of resveratrol (0, 40, 80, 160, 320 μM), as detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and western blotting. Furthermore, the expression level of autophagy-related proteins (LC3A/B, ATG-5) decreased with the increased concentration of resveratrol, as determined by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. We also showed that resveratrol induced FLS mitochondrial morphology change. Moreover, mitochondrial function detection showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential was lost with the increased concentration of resveratrol as examined by the JC-1 assay. The production of ATP in cells was positively and negatively correlated with the resveratrol concentration. Simultaneously, the intracellular calcium release and calcium influx decreased gradually with the increase in resveratrol concentration. Therefore, we proposed that resveratrol can reduce the level of autophagy in FLS. The decrease in the autophagy level can lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which may result in mitochondrial dysfunction and promotion of FLS apoptosis. Anat Rec, 301:1179-1188, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jinsen Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Taorong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Liu S, Yang Y, Song YQ, Geng J, Chen QL. Protective effects of N(2)‑L‑alanyl‑L‑glutamine mediated by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway on myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5102-5108. [PMID: 29393473 PMCID: PMC5865974 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the protective effect of N(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine (NLAG) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and observe the influence of NLAG on the Janus activated kinase signal transducer 2 and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway‑associated molecules. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, IRI and NLAG. In the IRI rat model, the cardiac hemodynamics, the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure (+dP/dtmax) and the left ventricular end‑diastolic pressure (LVDP) were recorded. Hematoxylin‑eosin and Masson staining were used to detect myocardial histological changes. The levels of plasma interleukin (IL)‑1β and ‑6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, lactase dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin (cTn)I, creatine kinase (CK), heart type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were determined with ELISA. The protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma (Bcl)‑2, Bcl2‑associated X protein (Bax), Caspase‑3, JAK2, phosphorylated (p)‑JAK2, STAT3 and p‑STAT3 were detected by western blot analysis. The IRI model demonstrated notable myocardial injury; myocardial cells were arranged disorderly with some nuclei disappearing, and cardiac muscular fibers were degenerated. Following 60 min of reperfusion, LVDP, HR and +dP/dtmax were 31.3±4.53 mmHg, 239.17±8.45 beats/min and 615.17 mmHg/sec, respectively. Compared with the Sham group, the levels of LDH, cTnI, CK, hFABP release, inflammatory factors (IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α) and oxygen free radical (MDA and SDH) levels were increased in the IRI group. In the NLAG group, myocardial injury was improved, the concentrations of LDH, cTnI, CK, hFABP, IL‑1β, IL‑6, TNF‑α, MDA were decreased, and SDH release was increased compared with the IRI group. In addition, NLAG significantly increased Bcl‑2, JAK2, p‑JAK2, STAT3 and p‑STAT3 protein expression, and decreased Bax protein expression compared with the IRI group. In conclusion, myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion can lead to myocardial cell apoptosis and myocardial injury and NLAG attenuates the IRI‑induced mitochondrial oxidative stress injury and apoptosis by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus exerting protective effects against IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiu Song
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Jie Geng
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liang Chen
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
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Luo D, Chen R, Liang FX. Modulation of Acupuncture on Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:8268736. [PMID: 29279719 PMCID: PMC5723958 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8268736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been historically practiced to treat medical disorders by mechanically stimulating specific acupoints. Despite its well-documented efficacy, its biological basis largely remains elusive. Recent studies suggested that cell apoptosis and autophagy might play key roles in acupuncture therapy. Therefore, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), aiming to find the potential relationship between acupuncture and cell apoptosis and autophagy. To provide readers with objective evidence, some problems regarding the design method, acupoints selection, acupuncture intervention measure, and related diseases existing in 40 related researches were shown in this review. These findings demonstrated that acupuncture has a potential role in modulating cell apoptosis and autophagy in animal models, suggesting it as a candidate mechanism in acupuncture therapy to maintain physiologic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Feng-xia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Tanhualin Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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22
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Zhou ZW, Yang QD, Tang QP, Yang J, Guo RJ, Jiang W. Effect of willed movement training on neurorehabilitation after focal cerebral ischemia and on the neural plasticity-associated signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1173-1181. [PMID: 29115485 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurorehabilitation training is a therapeutic intervention for the loss of neural function induced by focal cerebral ischemia, however, the effect varies depending on the neurorehabilitation exercises. Willed movement (WM) training is defined as task‑oriented training, which increases enthusiasm of patients to accomplish a specific task. The current study was performed to the evaluate effect of WM training on neurorehabilitation following focal cerebral ischemia, and further investigate the influence on neural plasticity‑associated signaling pathway. Sprague‑Dawley rats following temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) were randomly divided into four groups: tMCAO (no rehabilitation training), CR (control rehabilitation), EM (environmental modification) and WM groups. Rats in the CR group were forced to exercise (running) in a rotating wheel. In the WM group, food was used to entice rats to climb on a herringbone ladder. Herringbone ladders were also put into the cages of the rats in the CR and EM groups, however without the food attraction. WM group exhibited an improvement in neurobehavioral performance compared with other groups. TTC staining indicated an evident reduction in brain damage in the WM group. There were increased synaptic junctions following WM training, based on the observations of transmission election microscopy. Investigation of the molecular mechanism suggested that WM training conferred the greatest effect on stimulating the extracellular signal‑related kinase (ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element‑binding protein 1 (CREB) pathway and glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2)/glutamate receptor interacting protein 1‑associated protein 1 (GRASP‑1)/protein interacting with C‑kinase 1 (PICK1) cascades among groups. Collectively, the improvement of neurobehavioral performance by WM training following tMCAO is suggested to involve the ERK/CREB pathway and GluR2/GRASP‑1/PICK1 cascades. The present study provided a preliminary foundation for future research on the therapeutic effect of WM training against stroke‑induced neuron damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Dong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Ping Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Jing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Mechanisms of Acupuncture Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation: A Literature Review of Basic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112270. [PMID: 29143805 PMCID: PMC5713240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an alternative and complementary strategy for stroke treatment and for improving stroke care. Clinical trial and meta-analysis findings have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture in improving balance function, reducing spasticity, and increasing muscle strength and general well-being post-stroke. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of acupuncture in stroke rehabilitation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review, summarize the current known mechanisms in ischemic stroke rehabilitation through acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) therapy, and to detail the frequently used acupoints implicated in these effects. The evidence in this review indicates that five major different mechanisms are involved in the beneficial effects of acupuncture/EA on ischemic stroke rehabilitation: (1) Promotion of neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the central nervous system (CNS); (2) Regulation of cerebral blood flow in the ischemic area; (3) Anti-apoptosis in the ischemic area; (4) Regulation of neurochemicals; and, (5) Improvement of impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory after stroke. The most frequently used acupoints in basic studies include Baihui (GV20), Zusanli (ST36), Quchi (LI11), Shuigou (GV26), Dazhui (GV14), and Hegu (LI4). Our findings show that acupuncture exerts a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke through modulation of different mechanisms originating in the CNS.
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Xiao B, Chai Y, Lv S, Ye M, Wu M, Xie L, Fan Y, Zhu X, Gao Z. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes protect SH-SY5Y nerve cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1201-1209. [PMID: 28849073 PMCID: PMC5593464 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of death and disability. A previous study indicated that remote ischemic postconditioning (RIP) in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reduces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, the authors hypothesized that the protective effect of RIP on neurological damage is mediated by exosomes that are released by endothelial cells in femoral arteries. To test this, right middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion with RIP was performed in rats. In addition, an I/R injury cell model was tested that included human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SH-SY5Y cells. Both the in vivo and in vitro models were examined for injury. Markers of exosomes (CD63, HSP70 and TSG101) were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Exosomes were extracted from both animal serum and HUVEC culture medium and identified by electron microscopy. They investigated the role of endothelial cell-derived exosomes in the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion of I/R-injured SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, apoptosis-related molecules caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected. RIP was determined to increase the number of exosomes and the expression levels of CD63, HSP70 and TSG101 in plasma, but not in brain hippocampal tissue. The size of exosomes released after I/R in HUVECs was similar to the size of exosomes released in rats subjected to RIP. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes partly suppressed the I/R-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in SH-SY5Y nerve cells. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes directly protect nerve cells against I/R injury, and are responsible for the protective role of RIP in I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shigang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Miaojing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanghua Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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