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Xiao F, Zhao Y, Wang X, Jian X, Liu F. Metabolite components and nutritional composition of the endosperm in seven species from Gleditsia. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101340. [PMID: 38699588 PMCID: PMC11063355 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important agricultural product, the endosperm portion of Gleditsia sinensis seeds, called "zào jiǎo mǐ" (ZJM) in Chinese, has gradually gained popularity and has been accepted by the public. However, there is limited information on the nutritional value and metabolic components of endosperm among Gleditsia. This study compared the endosperm composition among seven species. The types of metabolites, content of nutrients and amino acids were determined. A total of 4495 types of metabolites were detected. Galactose metabolism (gmx00052) was enriched in all combinations compared with G. sinensis. The polysaccharides content ranged from 51.49 to 80.37 g/100 g. Based on considerations of growth rate, seed yield, amino acid content, and interspecific differences, G. fera could be an alternative planting option to G. sinensis. These results can provide a reference for growers in selecting Gleditsia varieties and provide insights into the industrial applications of Gleditsia endosperm products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueyan Jian
- College of Continuing Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Fuhua Liu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Wu Y, Luo J, Xu B. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify the molecular mechanisms of Gleditsiae Spina against colorectal cancer. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100139. [PMID: 38059131 PMCID: PMC10696432 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, network pharmacology, bioinformatics and molecular docking were used to explore the active phytochemicals, hub genes, and potential molecular mechanisms of Gleditsiae Spina in treating of colorectal cancer.. Methods The targets of Gleditsiae Spina, and targets related to CRC were derived from databases. We identified the hub genes for Gleditsiae Spina anti-colorectal cancer following the protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were used to analyze the hub genes from a macro perspective. Finally, we verified the hub genes by molecular docking, GEPIA, HPA, and starBase database. Results We identified nine active phytochemicals and 36 intersection targets. The GO enrichment analysis results showed that Gleditsiae Spina may be involved in gene targets affecting multiple biological processes, including response to radiation, response to ionizing radiation, cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex, serine/threonine protein kinase complex, cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity and protein kinase regulator activity. KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that the P53 signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were mainly related to the effect of Gleditsiae Spina on colorectal cancer. Molecular docking analysis suggested that the active phytochemicals of Gleditsiae Spina could combine well with hub genes (PTGS1, PIK3CG, CCND1, CXCL8 and ADRB2). Conclusion This study provides clues for further study of anti-CRC phytochemicals as well as their mechanisms of provides a basis for their development model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS and Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS and Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS and Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Jung MA, Song HK, Jo K, Lee A, Hwang YH, Ji KY, Jung DH, Cai M, Lee JY, Pyun BJ, Kim T. Gleditsia sinensis Lam. aqueous extract attenuates nasal inflammation in allergic rhinitis by inhibiting MUC5AC production through suppression of the STAT3/STAT6 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114482. [PMID: 36921533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), a chronic respiratory inflammatory disease, is among the most common chronic diseases reported worldwide. Mucus hypersecretion is a critical feature of AR pathogenesis. Although the Gleditsia sinensis extract has several beneficial effects on human health, its effects on allergic inflammation have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of G. sinensis aqueous extract (GSAE) on nasal inflammation in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. GSAE was administered orally for 1 week and then the clinical nasal symptoms were evaluated. The levels of histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and interleukin (IL)-13 were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inflammatory cells were then counted in the nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and histopathology in the nasal epithelium was evaluated. STAT3/STAT6 phosphorylation was examined in primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) using western blot analysis. Oral administration of GSAE to OVA-induced AR mice alleviated nasal clinical symptoms and reduced OVA-specific immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-13, and histamine levels. The accumulation of eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, mast cells, goblet cells, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the nasal epithelium was also inhibited by GSAE. Treatment with GSAE inhibited the production of MUC5AC in IL-4/IL-13-stimulated primary human nasal epithelial cells through the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3/STAT6 signaling pathway. These results indicated that GSAE reduces nasal inflammation suggesting that it is a potential treatment option for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-A Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ami Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea; Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 30 Baekhak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Jeong Pyun
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea.
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Inhibition of DEK Enhances Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9312971. [PMID: 35769815 PMCID: PMC9236779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9312971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a serious hematological tumor derived from early T-cell progenitors, which is extremely resistant to chemotherapy. Classically, doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective first-line drug for the treatment of T-ALL; however, DOX resistance limits its clinical effect. The DEK proto-oncogene (DEK) has been involved in neoplasms but remains unexplored in T-ALL. We silenced DEK on Jurkat cells and detected cell proliferation with cell counting and colony formation assay. Then, we detected DEK's drug sensitivity to DOX with CCK-8, cell cycle, and apoptosis with DOX treatment. Western blot analysis was performed to determine protein expression of apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes, including BCL2L1, caspase-3, and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Finally, the tumorigenic ability of DEK was analyzed using a BALB/C nude mouse model. In this study, DEK was highly expressed in Jurkat cells. Inhibition of DEK can lead to decreased cell proliferation and proportion of S-phase cells in the cell cycle and more cell apoptosis, and the effect is more obvious after DOX treatment. Western blot results showed that DOX treatment leads to cell cycle arrest, reduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) protein, accumulation of CDKN1A protein, and DOX-induced apoptosis accompanied by reductions in protein levels of BCL2L1, as well as increases in protein level of caspase-3. Furthermore, DEK-silenced Jurkat cells generated a significantly smaller tumor mass in mice. Our study found that DEK is a novel, potential therapeutic target for overcoming DOX resistance in T-ALL.
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Comprehensive Identification and Profiling of miRNAs Involved in Terpenoid Synthesis of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gleditsia sinensis Lam. is a tree with worldwide distribution and important economic and medicinal values; its pods contain terpenoids including gleditsioside, thiamine, and brassinosteroids. However, thus far, there are few studies on the terpenoid regulation of G. sinensis at the molecular level. microRNA (miRNA) is a class of small RNAs with conserved and crucial roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes during plant growth and development. To identify the miRNAs of G. sinensis and evaluate their involvement in terpenoid synthesis, this investigation quantified the content changes in saponins in pods at three developmental stages: May (pod-setting stage), July (elongation stage), and September (browning stage), and then we performed genome-wide miRNA profiles during the three development stages of the G. sinensis pods. A total of 351 conserved miRNAs belonging to 216 families were identified, among which 36 conserved miRNAs exist specifically in legumes. Through target analysis, 708 unigenes were predicted to be candidate targets of 37 differentially expressed miRNAs. The targets of miR838-3p and miR2093-5p were involved in the derived branches of monoterpenes and gleditsioside, in brassinosteroid biosynthesis (BRB), and in indole alkaloid biosynthesis (IAB). Intriguingly, the targets of miR829-3p.1 were predicted to take part in thiamine biosynthesis, and the targets of miR4414b and miR5037a were involved in the main process of cytokinin synthesis. The corresponding targets participated in BRB, IAB, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, which were enriched significantly, suggesting that miR2093-5p, miR4414b, miR5037a, miR829-3p.1, and miR838-3p play indispensable roles in the regulation of triterpenoid saponin and monoterpenoid biosynthesis. To date, this is the first report of miRNA identification in G. sinensis and miRNA expression profiles at different developmental stages of G. sinensis pods, which provides a basis for further uncovering the molecular regulation of terpenoid synthesis in G. sinensis and new insights into the role of miRNAs in legumes.
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Li Z, Feiyue Z, Gaofeng L. Traditional Chinese medicine and lung cancer--From theory to practice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111381. [PMID: 33601147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continuous breakthroughs in molecular biology and biochemistry, we have constantly made great progress in the treatment of lung cancer. There is no doubt that standard treatment (such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy) has greatly improved the prognosis of lung cancer populations. In particular, the immunotherapy has brought more and more good news to countless lung cancer patients. In contrast to these standard treatments, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rarely has a profound and comprehensive overview in the field of lung cancer. This article will summarize the latest progress of TCM in lung cancer which is mainly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from theory to clinical practice, which would carry forward the sophisticated TCM and promote the development of modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Thoracic Tumor Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhang Feiyue
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Thoracic Tumor Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Li Gaofeng
- Department of Thoracic Tumor Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China.
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Cai Y, Zhang C, Zhan L, Cheng L, Lu D, Wang X, Xu H, Wang S, Wu D, Ruan L. Anticancer Effects of Gleditsia sinensis Extract in Rats Transplanted With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2019; 27:889-899. [PMID: 30940289 PMCID: PMC7848454 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15482423944678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The thorns of Gleditsia sinensis have been historically used in Chinese medicine and are considered one of the fundamental therapeutic herbs. Its anticancer effects are currently being explored. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and still requires the development of new drugs with higher efficiency. By using a rat HCC model implanted with cancerous Walker-256 cells, the therapeutic effects of G. sinensis extract (GSE) were assessed, as well as its regulatory effects on miRNAs. GSE significantly restored liver morphology and dramatically induced cell apoptosis in HCC rats. In addition, miR-21/181b/183 was upregulated in the HCC liver, and the elevation of these miRNAs could be alleviated by both GSE and sorafenib. PTEN/TIMP3/PDCD4 downregulation was consistent with the targets of miR-21/181b/183 in the HCC liver, and the alteration of these target genes was restored by both GSE and sorafenib. TIMP3 effects on MMP-2/9 expression were also determined. Our present findings indicate the potential of GSE in HCC treatment, and expand the understanding of miRNA-related mechanisms in the anticancer effects of GSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chizhi Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liangbin Cheng
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dingbo Lu
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hanlin Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuxue Wang
- Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Deng Wu
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lianguo Ruan
- Infectious Disease of Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Lee JH, Go Y, Lee B, Hwang YH, Park KI, Cho WK, Ma JY. The fruits of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. inhibits adipogenesis through modulation of mitotic clonal expansion and STAT3 activation in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:61-70. [PMID: 29689351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (G. sinensis) has been used in Oriental medicine for tumor, thrombosis, inflammation-related disease, and obesity. AIM OF THE STUDY The pharmacological inhibitory effects of fruits of G. sinensis (GFE) on hyperlipidemia have been reported, but its inhibitory effects on adipogenesis and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Herein we evaluated the anti-adipogenic effects of GFE and described the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ethanol extracts of GFE on adipocyte differentiation were examined in 3T3-L1 cells using biochemical and molecular analyses. RESULTS During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, GFE significantly reduced lipid accumulation and downregulated master adipogenic transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, at mRNA and protein levels. These changes led to the suppression of several adipogenic-specific genes and proteins, including fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and acetyl CoA carboxylase. However, the inhibitory effects of GFE on lipogenesis were only shown when GFE is treated in the early stage of adipogenesis within the first two days of differentiation. As a potential mechanism, during the early stages of differentiation, GFE inhibited cell proliferation by a decrease in the expression of DNA synthesis-related proteins and increased p27 expression and suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation induced in a differentiation medium. CONCLUSIONS GFE inhibits lipogenesis by negative regulation of adipogenic transcription factors, which is associated with GFE-mediated cell cycle arrest and STAT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea.
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