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Moffid MA, Mostafa EA, Mahmoud ST, Sayed RM. An eco-friendly ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of rivaroxaban and ticagrelor in rat plasma: grapefruit interactions. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1327-1341. [PMID: 37902824 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: An eco-friendly ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to study the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban and ticagrelor in rat plasma, utilizing moxifloxacin as an internal standard. The food-drug interaction between grapefruit juice and these drugs was also investigated. Methods: Liquid-liquid extraction was used. A nonporous stationary phase Agilent® Poroshell 120EC C18 column was used with methanol: 0.1% aqueous formic acid (95:5 v/v) as a mobile phase. The detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. The method's validation was conducted in accordance with US FDA and European Medicines Agency guidelines. Results & conclusion: Grapefruit juice should be ingested with caution in patients treated with antithrombotic medications as it may increase their plasma concentration, inducing bleeding, and requires close clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Moffid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Eman A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sally Tarek Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rawda M Sayed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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2
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Barik A, Pallavi P, Sen SK, Rajhans G, Bose A, Raut S. Fortification of orange juice with microencapsulated Kocuria flava Y4 towards a novel functional beverage: Biological and quality aspects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17509. [PMID: 37449169 PMCID: PMC10336446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To commercialize functional foods, probiotics must exhibit high resistance and acceptable stability under various unfavorable conditions to maintain the quality of fruit juices. This study will provide an insight into fortification of orange juice with a plant probiotic Kocuria flava Y4 by microencapsulation. Therefore, this study investigated the colony release, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity of the orange juice exposed to microencapsulated probiotics and the one without probiotics (control). Evaluation of orange juice on the growth of probiotic bacteria showed that the fortification with alginate and psyllium micro-particles showed highest encapsulation efficiency (99.01%) and acceptable viability of probiotic cells (8.12 ± 0.077 CFU/mL) during five weeks storage at 4 °C. The morphology and functional properties of beads was studied by SEM, Zeta-potential and FTIR analysis. The sucrose and organic acids concentrations decreased significantly during fortification period (0-72 h) except ascorbic acid. Furthermore, glucose, pH, acidity, TSS were maintained. The results affirm the suitability and feasibility of developing a plant probiotic beverage using orange juice by encapsulation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyasa Barik
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Preeti Pallavi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Sen
- Biostadt India Limited, Waluj, Aurangabad, 431136, Maharashtra, India
| | - Geetanjali Rajhans
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Anindya Bose
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sangeeta Raut
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
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Hussain T, Kalhoro DH, Yin Y. Identification of nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of fruit peels as a potential source of nutraceuticals. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1065698. [PMID: 36817065 PMCID: PMC9931757 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1065698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels comprise several biologically active compounds, but their nutritional composition and antioxidant potential of different fruit varieties are limited. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of 12 peels of different fruit varieties such as apples, pomegranates, guavas, strawberries, grapes, and citrus fruits using a ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, an inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and an amino acid analyzer. The highest values of TPC, TFC, lycopene, ascorbic acid [total carotenoids and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)], reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, and total soluble proteins were reported in grapes (Black seedless) 54,501.00 ± 0.82 μM/g dry wt., guava (Gola) 198.19 ± 0.46 Rutin equivalent dry wt., strawberry (Candler) 7.23 ± 0.33 mg/g dry wt., citrus (Mausami) 646.25 ± 0.96 ug/g dry wt., apple (Kala kulu-Pak) 14.19 ± 0.38 mg/g dry wt. and 12.28 ± 0.39 μM/g dry wt., strawberry (Candler) 25.13 ± 0.40 mg/g dry wt., pomegranate (Badana) 9.80 ± 0.43 mg/g dry wt., apple (Kala kullu-Irani) 30.08 ± 0.11 mg/g dry wt., and guava (Gola) 638.18 ± 0.24 mg/g dry wt. compared with its opponent peels of fruits, respectively. All 12 peels of the fruit verities had 20 amino acids and presented as dry matter basis%. The highest trend of glutamic acid + glutamine, glycine, and aspartic acid + asparagine was observed in pomegranate (Badana) 1.20 DM basis%, guava (Surhai and Gola) 1.09 and 1.09 DM basis%, and strawberry (Desi/local and Candler) 1.15 and 1.60 DM basis% in response to other fruit peels, respectively. Regarding the mineral profile, the highest values of nitrogen (764.15 ± 0.86 mg/100 g), phosphorus (53.90 ± 0.14 mg/100 g), potassium (3,443.84 ± 0.82 mg/100 g), ferric (1.44 ± 0.00 mg/100 g), magnesium (1.31 ± 0.00 mg/100 g), and manganese (0.21 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) were found in pomegranate (Badana), grapes (Black seedless), apple (Kala kulu-Pak), and pomegranate (Badana), respectively, in context to other fruit peels' extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were analyzed for determining the correlation among different peels of fruits. Significantly, high levels of variation were noticed among different variables of peels of fruit. Fruit variety and its peels have been distinctive variables in selecting genotypes. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis was distributed into two groups and consisted of eight varieties in the same group, and four fruit varieties were in second group. Overall, the results conclude that fruit peels have the abundant antioxidants and some minerals, which can effectively be utilized for nutraceuticals as well as for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Dildar Hussain Kalhoro,
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yulong Yin,
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Tiwari P, Mishra R, Mazumder A, Mazumder R, Singh A. An Insight into Diverse Activities and Targets of Flavonoids. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:89-102. [PMID: 36111764 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220915121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids belong to the chemical class of polyphenols and are in the category of secondary metabolites imparting a wide protective effect against acute and chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate and summarize the information of various flavonoids extracted, isolated from various sources, and possess different pharmacological properties by acting on multiple targets. METHODS This comprehensive review summarizes the research information related to flavonoids and their pharmacological action targets from various sources like PubMed, Google Scholar and Google websites. RESULTS Extracted information in the paper discusses various therapeutic effects of flavonoids isolated from medicinal plant sources, which have the property to inhibit several enzymes, which finally results in health benefits like anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-allergic, and anti-viral effects. This study also showed the different solvents and methods involved in the extraction and characterization of the isolated phytochemical constituents. CONCLUSION The findings showed the contribution of several flavonoids in the management and inhibition of various acute and chronic sicknesses by acting on different sites in the body. This study may lead to gaining interest for more research on the bioactives of different medicinal plants for the discovery of new lead compounds or further improvement of the efficacy of the existing compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayushi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Picos-Salas MA, Cabanillas-Bojórquez LÁ, Elizalde-Romero CA, Leyva-López N, Montoya-Inzunza LA, Heredia JB, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP. Naringenin as a Natural Agent Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Its Bioavailability. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2123502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Adrian Picos-Salas
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | | | | | - Nayely Leyva-López
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | - Luis Aurelio Montoya-Inzunza
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | - J. Basilio Heredia
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | - Erick P. Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinaloa, Mexico
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6
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Sutanto H, Hertanto DM, Susilo H, Wungu CDK. Grapefruit Flavonoid Naringenin Sex-Dependently Modulates Action Potential in an In Silico Human Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091672. [PMID: 36139745 PMCID: PMC9495662 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent in vitro studies showed that grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) flavonoid naringenin alters the function of cardiac ion channels. Here, we explored the effect of naringenin on cardiomyocyte action potentials (APs) using a detailed in silico model of ventricular electrophysiology. Concentration-dependent effects of naringenin on seven major cardiac ion channels were incorporated into the Tomek–Rodriguez modification of O’Hara–Rudy (ToR-ORd) human ventricular endocardium model. To investigate the sex-dependent effect of naringenin, previously reported sex-specific ionic modifications were implemented into the model. Next, populations of 1000 models accommodating intercellular variability were generated. The results show, naringenin at various concentrations prolonged AP duration (APD) in male and female cardiomyocytes. Pacing cells at higher frequencies abbreviated APD differently in males versus females; for example, at 3 Hz, 50 μM naringenin induced AP and calcium alternans only in the female cardiomyocyte. Finally, a population modeling approach corroborated that naringenin significantly prolonged APD in a concentration-dependent manner, with a larger effect in females than in males. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the APD-prolonging effect of naringenin was larger in females, and that pacing at faster rates induces AP alternation earlier in females, suggesting a potentially higher proarrhythmic risk of naringenin in females than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Sutanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Decsa Medika Hertanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Hendri Susilo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
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7
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Bi Y, Wang X, Li H, Tian Y, Han L, Gui C, Zhang Y. 3D-QSAR analysis of the interactions of flavonoids with human organic cation transporter 2. Toxicol Lett 2022; 368:1-8. [PMID: 35901987 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in vegetables, fruits, grains and herbs. Organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) mediates the renal secretion of organic cations and is a key site of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). In this study, we systematically investigated the inhibitory effect of 28 flavonoids on OCT2-mediated uptake of 4-4-dimethylaminostyryl-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+). Among them, scullcapflavone II demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect on OCT2-mediated uptake of ASP+ (IC50=11.2μM) in a competitive manner. Next, 3D-QSAR analyses of flavonoid OCT2 inhibitors were performed using both CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The date revealed that bulky substituents at the C-3 and C-4 positions of ring C as well as the C-7 position of ring A could prevent the interactions of flavonoids with OCT2. In contrast, a hydrophilic and negatively charge substituent on ring A was favorable for the interactions of flavonoids with OCT2. Consequently, baicalin (IC50=220.2μM) with a uronic acid substituent on ring A exhibited a stronger inhibition than baicalein (IC50=294.5μM); quercetin-3-O-galactoside (IC50=497.4μM) was a stronger inhibitor of OCT2 than rhamnetin 3-galactoside (IC50=1409.0μM). Taken together, our findings could be valuable in elucidating and predicting the interactions of flavonoids with OCT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Huixiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqing Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.
| | - Chunshan Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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Khalil RK, Abdelrahim DS, Sharaby MR. Novel active edible food packaging films based entirely on citrus peel wastes. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Gavahian M, Yang YH, Tsai PJ. Power ultrasound for valorization of Citrus limon (cv. Eureka) waste: Effects of maturity stage and drying method on bioactive compounds, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activity. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Bokhary KA, Maqsood F, Amina M, Aldarwesh A, Mofty HK, Al-yousef HM. Grapefruit Extract-Mediated Fabrication of Photosensitive Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111885. [PMID: 35683744 PMCID: PMC9182307 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) were synthesized using a simple, eco-friendly green synthesis approach in an alkaline medium from the extract of grapefruit peel waste. The pre-synthesized, nano-crystalline Al2O3 NPs were characterized by using spectroscopic (UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, and EDX) and microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. The formed Al2O3 NPs exhibited a pronounced absorption peak at 278 nm in the UV-vis spectrum. The average particle size of the as-prepared Al2O3 NPs was evaluated to be 57.34 nm, and the atomic percentages of O and Al were found to be 54.58 and 45.54, respectively. The fabricated Al2O3 NPs were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The Al2O3 NPs showed strong antioxidant potential towards all the four tested assays. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of Al2O3 NPs was investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion (O2•-), as well as proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α, IL-6) and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κB). The results revealed that Al2O3 NPs inhibited the production of O2•- (99.4%) at 100 μg mL-1 concentrations and intracellular NO•- (55%), proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (83.3%), and TNF-α (87.9%) at 50 μg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Additionally, the Al2O3 NPs inhibited 41.8% of nuclear factor kappa B at 20 μg mL-1 concentrations. Overall, the outcomes of current research studies indicated that Al2O3 NPs possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and could be used to treat chronic and acute anti-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud A. Bokhary
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Farah Maqsood
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Amal Aldarwesh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Hanan K. Mofty
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Hanan M. Al-yousef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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11
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Sweet lime (Citrus limetta) peel waste drying approaches and effect on quality attributes, phytochemical and functional properties. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Husori DI, Marianne M, Lubis NDS, Yusfa KL, Angela IFD. Evaluation of Gastroprotective Effect from Phaleria macrocarpa Fruits Extract on Gastric Ulcer in Male Wistar Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The long-term use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) triggers gastric mucosal damage and causes ulcers. Meanwhile, studies showed that God's crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids and tannins that can protect the gastric mucosa.
AIM: This study aims to determine the gastroprotective effect of P. macrocarpa ethanolic extracts against gastric ulcers in rats induced with acetosal and ethanol. The extracts were obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent.
METHODS: The male rats used were divided into 7 groups for each test with ethanol and acetosal induction. Each group consisted of 5 rats, namely normal control, induction, carrier, positive control (sucralfate 360 mg/kg BW and omeprazole 3.6 mg/kg BW), and extract doses 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. All groups were given treatment for 7 days except normal and induction controls. On day 6, rats were fasted for 36 hours and induced with acetosal/ethanol. In ethanol induction, the animal was sacrificed after 10 hours of immersion while in acetosal, the animal was sacrificed 6 hours later. The stomach section was taken for macroscopic, microscopic parameters and gastric acid secretion examination.
RESULTS: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the extract contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and glycosides. In acetosal-induced ulcers, the administration of one dose of the extract reduced the number and score of ulcers, repair epithelial cells, increase pH, and total gastric acidity. Furthermore, the percentage of ulcer inhibition at the extract dose of 400 mg/kg BW was 91.91±3.74% in ethanol induction, and 59±13.08% in acetosal.
CONCLUSION: The ethanolic extract of P. macrocarpa has a gastroprotective effect on acetosal-induced gastric ulcer rats.
Keywords: Phaleria macrocarpa, Mahkota Dewa fruit, gastroprotective, gastric ulcers, extract
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Sharif M, Ansari F, Hassan NU, Sultana K, Ali Q. Explore the antiproliferative phytocompounds from ethanolic extracts of Citrus paradisi against liver cancer cell line by chemical analysis using TLC and FT-IR spectroscopy. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e256856. [PMID: 35043844 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative activity of ethanolic extract of leaves and fruits Citrus paradisi plant on HepG-2 liver cell lines by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-terazolium bromide) assay and to isolate and characterize the antiproliferative compounds by TLC (Thin layer chromatography) and FT-IR (Fourier transforms Infrared) spectroscopy. Qualitative phytochemical screening tests were performed to detect phytochemicals compounds from the crude extracts. Antioxidant activity of the plant extracts were characterized by using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. The results showed that antioxidant activity using DPPH were found to be increased in a concentration dependent manner and decreased cell viability and cell growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner. The findings from this study indicated that fruit extract exhibited good antiproliferation and antioxidant potential. The seven functional groups of phytocompounds such as carboxylic acid, amine salt, aromatic compounds, cyclic alkene, aldehyde, fluoro compounds and alkene were detected by FT-IR which indicated that fruit extracts of Citrus paradisi possessed vast potential as a medicinal drug especially in liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharif
- The University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Ansari
- The University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Ul Hassan
- The University of Lahore, Department of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Sultana
- The University of Lahore, Department of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Q Ali
- The University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
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14
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Viera W, Samaniego I, Camacho D, Habibi N, Ron L, Sediqui N, Álvarez J, Viteri P, Sotomayor A, Merino J, Vásquez-Castillo W, Brito B. Phytochemical Characterization of a Tree Tomato ( Solanum betaceum Cav.) Breeding Population Grown in the Inter-Andean Valley of Ecuador. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030268. [PMID: 35161251 PMCID: PMC8838755 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is an Andean fruit crop that is grown in Ecuador. It is an exceptional source of minerals and vitamins, thus has nutraceutical properties. The objective of this research was to carry out a phytochemical characterization of a breeding population composed of 90 segregants. Pulp (including mesocarp, mucilage, seeds and placenta) was ground and sieved in order to obtain the liquid pulp to be lyophilized for the chemical analyzes. Antioxidants compounds were determined by spectrophotometry and vitamin C by reflectometry. Data were analyzed by principal components, grouping, and variance analyses; in addition, Z Score estimation was carried out to select elite individuals. There was a broad variability in the data obtained for the breeding population, polyphenol content varied from 5.11 to 16.59 mg GAE g-1, flavonoids from 1.24 to 6.70 mg cat g-1, carotenoids from 50.39 to 460.72 µg β-carotene g-1, anthocyanins from 1.06 to 240.49 mg cy-3-glu 100 g-1, antioxidant capacity from 49.51 to 312.30 µm Trolox g-1, and vitamin C from 78.29 to 420.16 mg 100 g-1. It can be concluded that tree tomato is a good source of beneficial biocompounds and has a high antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Viera
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Iván Samaniego
- Department of Nutrition and Quality, Santa Catalina Research Site, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Cutuglahua 171107, Ecuador; (I.S.); (J.Á.)
| | - Diana Camacho
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito 170521, Ecuador;
| | | | - Lenin Ron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zoothecnics, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito 170521, Ecuador;
| | | | - Javier Álvarez
- Department of Nutrition and Quality, Santa Catalina Research Site, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Cutuglahua 171107, Ecuador; (I.S.); (J.Á.)
| | - Pablo Viteri
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Andrea Sotomayor
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jorge Merino
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Wilson Vásquez-Castillo
- Agroindustry and Food Science, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170503, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +593-984-659-247
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Quispe‐Fuentes I, Uribe E, López J, Contreras D, Poblete J. A study of dried mandarin (
Clementina orogrande
) peel applying supercritical carbon dioxide using co‐solvent: Influence on oil extraction, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issis Quispe‐Fuentes
- Food Engineering Department Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
| | - Elsa Uribe
- Food Engineering Department Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
| | - Jéssica López
- Escuela de Alimentos Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
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16
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HA TT, MAI TNP, TRAN TT, NGUYEN NHK, LE TD, NGUYEN VM. Antioxidant activity and inhibitory efficacy of Citrus grandis peel extract against carbohydrate digestive enzymes in vitro. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Truong Dang LE
- Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam; Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam
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17
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Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Artemisia absinthium and Citrus paradisi extracts repress viability of aggressive liver cancer cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7703-7710. [PMID: 34755263 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous reports show that herbal medicines can be utilized in the treatment of different liver disorders. In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of individual as well as combined 80% ethanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves and Citrus paradisi peels were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Values of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured to explore the antioxidant capacity. To assess antibacterial activity, four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were used. Anticancer activity was assessed on Huh-7 (liver cancer) and Vero (non-cancerous) cell lines. FRAP activity of combined plants extract was higher as compared to their individual effect; the trend did not hold in the case of DPPH-radical scavenging activity. Antibacterial activity of combined extracts by disk diffusion method was observed only against E.coli. MTT results indicated that both plants had a cytotoxic effect on Huh-7 cell line but did not show any effect on Vero cell line. Our data showed a strong negative correlation between the amount of TPC, TFC, & DPPH radicals-scavenging activity and viability of Huh-7 cell line.However, no effect was shown on the non-cancerous cell line. CONCLUSION The ethanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves and Citrus paradisi peels can be used against liver cancer because of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities.
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18
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Castro-Vázquez L, Lozano MV, Rodríguez-Robledo V, González-Fuentes J, Marcos P, Villaseca N, Arroyo-Jiménez MM, Santander-Ortega MJ. Pressurized Extraction as an Opportunity to Recover Antioxidants from Orange Peels: Heat treatment and Nanoemulsion Design for Modulating Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195928. [PMID: 34641471 PMCID: PMC8512928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orange peel by-products generated in the food industry are an important source of value-added compounds that can be potentially reused. In the current research, the effect of oven-drying (50–70 °C) and freeze-drying on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential from Navelina, Salustriana, and Sanguina peel waste was investigated using pressurized extraction (ASE). Sixty volatile components were identified by ASE-GC-MS. The levels of terpene derivatives (sesquitenenes, alcohols, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and esters) remained practically unaffected among fresh and freeze-dried orange peels, whereas drying at 70 °C caused significative decreases in Navelina, Salustriana, and Sanguina peels. Hesperidin and narirutin were the main flavonoids quantified by HPLC-MS. Freeze-dried Sanguina peels showed the highest levels of total-polyphenols (113.3 mg GAE·g−1), total flavonoids (39.0 mg QE·g−1), outstanding values of hesperedin (187.6 µg·g−1), phenol acids (16.54 mg·g−1 DW), and the greatest antioxidant values (DPPH•, FRAP, and ABTS•+ assays) in comparison with oven-dried samples and the other varieties. Nanotechnology approaches allowed the formulation of antioxidant-loaded nanoemulsions, stabilized with lecithin, starting from orange peel extracts. Those provided 70–80% of protection against oxidative UV-radiation, also decreasing the ROS levels into the Caco-2 cells. Overall, pressurized extracts from freeze-drying orange peel can be considered a good source of natural antioxidants that could be exploited in food applications for the development of new products of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Castro-Vázquez
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.L.); (V.R.-R.); (J.G.-F.); (P.M.); (N.V.); (M.M.A.-J.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.-V.); (M.J.S.-O.)
| | - María Victoria Lozano
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.L.); (V.R.-R.); (J.G.-F.); (P.M.); (N.V.); (M.M.A.-J.)
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Robledo
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.L.); (V.R.-R.); (J.G.-F.); (P.M.); (N.V.); (M.M.A.-J.)
| | - Joaquín González-Fuentes
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.L.); (V.R.-R.); (J.G.-F.); (P.M.); (N.V.); (M.M.A.-J.)
| | - Pilar Marcos
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.L.); (V.R.-R.); (J.G.-F.); (P.M.); (N.V.); (M.M.A.-J.)
| | - Noemí Villaseca
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.L.); (V.R.-R.); (J.G.-F.); (P.M.); (N.V.); (M.M.A.-J.)
| | - Maria Mar Arroyo-Jiménez
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.L.); (V.R.-R.); (J.G.-F.); (P.M.); (N.V.); (M.M.A.-J.)
| | - Manuel J. Santander-Ortega
- Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N c.p., 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.C.-V.); (M.J.S.-O.)
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19
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Castro-Vázquez L, Rodríguez-Robledo V, Plaza-Oliver M, Santander-Ortega MJ, Victoria Lozano M, González J, Villaseca N, Marcos P, Mar Arroyo-Jiménez M. Pressurized liquid extraction to obtain chia seeds oils extracts enriched in tocochromanols. Nanoemulsions approaches to preserve the antioxidant potential. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:4034-4044. [PMID: 34471327 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use accelerated-solvent-extraction to achieve antioxidant extracts from chia seeds oils, enriched in tocopherols and tocotrienols, namely tocochromanols. Nanotechnology applications have been also incorporated to develop an innovative formulation of chia seeds oil nanoemulsion that preserve its antioxidant potential after conditions of oxidative stress. Chia seeds oils proved to be a valuable source of tocochromanols, from 568.84 to 855.98 μg g-1, depending on the geographical provenance. Quantitative data obtained by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS showed outstanding levels of γ-Tocopherol, over 83%, followed far behind by Tocopherols-(α, β, δ) and Tocotrienols-(α, β, δ, γ)-tocotrienols. The characteristic tocochromanols fingerprint of chia seeds oils was positively correlated with the FRAP and DPPH antioxidant activity of the extracts (between 18.81 and 138.48 mg Trolox/g). Formulation of the Chia seeds oils as nanoemulsions did not compromised the antioxidant properties of fresh extracts. Interestingly, nanoemulsions retained about the 80% of the initial antioxidant capacity after UV-induced stress, where the non-emulsified oils displayed a remarkable reduction (50-60%) on its antioxidant capacity under the same conditions. These antioxidant chia seeds formulations can constitute a promising strategy to vectorizing vitamin E isomers, in order to be used for food fortification, natural additives and to increase the self-life of food products during packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Castro-Vázquez
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Robledo
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - María Plaza-Oliver
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuel J Santander-Ortega
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - M Victoria Lozano
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín González
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Noemí Villaseca
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Pilar Marcos
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - M Mar Arroyo-Jiménez
- Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Doctor Jose María Sanchez Ibañez. S/N C.P, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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Ion-Triggered In Situ Gelling Nanoemulgel as a Platform for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Small Lipophilic Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081216. [PMID: 34452177 PMCID: PMC8400950 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intranasal route offers a direct nose-to-brain delivery via olfactory and trigeminal nerves and minimizes the systemic exposure of the drug. Although reliable and non-invasive, intranasal administration of lipophilic neuroprotective agents for brain targeting is still challenging. Literature focuses on naturally-derived compounds as a promising therapeutics for chronic brain diseases. Naringin, a natural flavonoid obtained from citrus fruits possesses neuroprotective effects. By regulating multiple crucial cellular signaling pathways, naringin acts on several therapeutic targets that make it suitable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and making it a suitable candidate for nasal administration. However, the hydrophobicity of naringin is the primary challenge to formulate it in an aqueous system for nasal administration. Method: We designed a lipid-based nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of naringin using Acrysol K140 as an oil, Tween 80 as a surfactant and Transcutol HP as a cosolvent, to improve solubility and harness the benefits of nanosizing like improved cellular penetration. Intranasal instillations of therapeutic agents have limited efficacy due to drug washout and inadequate adherence to the nasal mucosa. Therefore, we reconstituted the naringin self-emulsifying system in a smart, biodegradable, ion-triggered in situ gelling hydrogel and optimized for desirable gel characteristics. The naringin-loaded composition was optimized and characterized for various physicochemical and rheological properties. Results: The formulation showed a mean droplet size 152.03 ± 4.6 nm with a polydispersity index <0.23. Ex vivo transmucosal permeation kinetics of the developed formulation through sheep nasal mucosa showed sustained diffusion and enhanced steady-state flux and permeability coefficient. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of emulsion droplets and entrapment of droplets in a gel structure. The formulation showed excellent biocompatibility as analyzed from the viability of L929 fibroblast cells and nasal mucosa histopathology after treatment. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed significantly higher drug transport and brain targeting efficiency. Conclusion: In situ gelling system with nanoemulsified naringin demonstrated a safe nasal delivery providing a new dimension to the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases using small hydrophobic phytoconstituents with minimization of dose and related systemic adverse effects.
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21
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Valorization of Citrus Co-Products: Recovery of Bioactive Compounds and Application in Meat and Meat Products. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061069. [PMID: 34073552 PMCID: PMC8228688 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits (orange, lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit) are one of the most extensively cultivated crops. Actually, fresh consumption far exceeds the demand and, subsequently, a great volume of the production is destined for the citrus-processing industries, which produce a huge quantity of co-products. These co-products, without proper treatment and disposal, might cause severe environmental problems. The co-products obtained from the citrus industry may be considered a very important source of high-added-value bioactive compounds that could be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic industries, and mainly in the food industry. Due to consumer demands, the food industry is exploring a new and economical source of bioactive compounds to develop novel foods with healthy properties. Thus, the aim of this review is to describe the possible benefits of citrus co-products as a source of bioactive compounds and their applications in the development of healthier meat and meat products.
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22
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-UVB of three kinds of fermented fruit peel extracts by pectinase enzyme, including pomegranate, pomelo, and banana peel. The antioxidant was evaluated by the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed by disk diffusion assay, and the photoprotective activity was measured using a photospectrometric method. The results revealed that pomegranate peel extract at 3000 IU/g peel exhibited potent free radical scavenging property against DPPH, with the smallest IC50 value at 0.18%, which was better than that of pomelo peel extract at 55.79%. Furthermore, the results suggested that the pomegranate peel extract also exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli better than pomelo peel extract, but none of the three samples shows the antibacterial capacity against S. aureus. Moreover, 10% pomegranate peel extract also expressed the strongest anti-UVB activity, with an SPF value of 36.582. The research demonstrates pomegranate peel’s bioactivity potential for further experiments.
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Traditional Processing, Physicochemical Property, Phytochemical Content, and Microbiological and Sensory Quality of the Yellow “Téa Lémi” Wine Made in the Far-North of Cameroon. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6634747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
“Téa Lémi” is a traditional wine made from pummelos by the Kapsiki in the Far-North of Cameroon. Despite its importance as a source of income for the country people, the know-how supporting production of this beverage and its quality attributes still remain unknown. Hence, this study was aimed at describing the processing and quality of “Téa Lémi” produced and marketed in northern Cameroon. The field investigation and the ethnographical technique were used to describe the production process. Physicochemical, phytochemical, and microbiological properties of the beverage were examined using referenced techniques. Quantitative descriptive analysis was used for describing the sensory profile of the wine. Surveys showed that processing of the grapefruit wine is typically artisanal. This can be seen by the uncontrolled addition of some ingredients such as sugar, extract of banana, and honey and a significant fermentation step started by wild, unselected yeasts. The physicochemical analyses revealed that the wine had an acid pH of around 3.84, with a total acidity between 7.72 g/L and 8.79 g/L. The alcohol and soluble solids contents were 14% (v/v) and 12 °Brix, respectively. Total sugar and conductivity values ranged from 57.8 to 96.8 g/L and 573 to 686 μS/cm. Mean contents of polyphenols and flavonoids of 616.4 mg PE/L and 322.5 mg QE/L and an antioxidant capacity of 261.03 mg TE/L have been revealed in the indigenous wine, respectively. The assessment of hygienic quality showed alarming sign of microbiological contamination revealed by total aerobic bacteria and spore-forming bacteria counts beyond the critical level. The good sensory quality (13 out of 20) of the grapefruit wine seemed to be linked to the sweetness (r = 0.999;
) and odor/flavor (r = 0.997;
). The beverage has been described by the panel as pale yellow colored, slightly tart, and bitter accompanied by some fruity esters and sweet notes of citrus and caramelized sugar.
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Reynoso-Camacho R, Rodríguez-Villanueva LD, Sotelo-González AM, Ramos-Gómez M, Pérez-Ramírez IF. Citrus decoction by-product represents a rich source of carotenoid, phytosterol, extractable and non-extractable polyphenols. Food Chem 2021; 350:129239. [PMID: 33592362 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to carry out an exhaustive chemical characterization of citrus (orange, mandarin, and grapefruit) decoctions as well as the residues obtained during the decoction process (by-products). The citrus decoctions were rich in hesperidin, naringin, and narirutin, but carotenoids and phytosterols were not detected. Interestingly, these flavanones were found in a higher concentration in the extractable polyphenol fraction of the citrus decoction by-products. Moreover, the greatest content of hesperidin and naringin was found bound to the food matrix by ether/ester bonds. Violaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were found as major carotenoids in the orange and mandarin decoction by-products, respectively, whereas the grapefruit decoction by-product showed a low content of carotenoids. All citrus by-products showed β-sitosterol as the major phytosterol, followed by β-campesterol. Therefore, the by-products obtained during the elaboration of citrus decoctions are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can be used for the development of functional foods or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Minerva Ramos-Gómez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Iza F Pérez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
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Wang Y, Liu XJ, Chen JB, Cao JP, Li X, Sun CD. Citrus flavonoids and their antioxidant evaluation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3833-3854. [PMID: 33435726 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant ability is the link and bridge connecting a variety of biological activities. Citrus flavonoids play an essential role in regulating oxidative stress and are an important source of daily intake of antioxidant supplements. Many studies have shown that citrus flavonoids promote health through antioxidation. In this review, the biosynthesis, composition and distribution of citrus flavonoids were concluded. The detection methods of antioxidant capacity of citrus flavonoids were divided into four categories: chemical, cellular, animal and clinical antioxidant capacity evaluation systems. The modeling methods, applicable scenarios, and their relative merits were compared based on these four systems. The antioxidant functions of citrus flavonoids under different evaluation systems were also discussed, especially the regulation of the Nrf2-antioxidases pathway. Some shortcomings in the current research were pointed out, and some suggestions for progress were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang D, Liu B, Ma Z, Feng J, Yan H. Reticine A, a new potent natural elicitor: isolation from the fruit peel of Citrus reticulate and induction of systemic resistance against tobacco mosaic virus and other plant fungal diseases. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:354-364. [PMID: 32741113 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induced by elicitors is a highly satisfying form of resistance that protects plants against invading pathogens. Exploration and development of new elicitors is a promising alternative to conventional biocides in resistant pest management. In our previous broad screening, fruit peel extract of Citrus reticulata Blanco exhibited the ability to induce SAR in tobacco. RESULT A new potent elicitor reticine A was isolated from the fruit peel extract of industrial crop C. reticulate and its structure was well elucidated. In vivo assays showed that reticine A had considerable control efficacies at 100 and 500 μg mL-1 , being superior to commercial elicitor benzothiadiazole (BTH) (100 μg mL-1 ). Reticine A had no significant impact on the virulence of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles under in vitro conditions. Application of reticine A induced a local hypersensitive reaction (HR), systemic accumulation of H2 O2 and salicylic acid (SA), systemic increase in defensive enzyme activities and systemic upregulated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, suggesting its induction of SAR in tobacco. The expression of NPR1 and SA biosynthesis genes ICS and PAL were systemically upregulated. CONCLUSION SAR induced by reticine A against TMV in tobacco was demonstrated and the mechanism might be attributed to activating the expression of several defensive genes mediated by an SA signal. This study highlights the potential of reticine A which is recommended to be applied directly or as an active ingredient in the crude extract formulation ahead of time in the field, as well as being a potential lead compound for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Engineering and Technology Centers of Biopesticide in Shaanxi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of pharmaceutical engineering, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Engineering and Technology Centers of Biopesticide in Shaanxi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Engineering and Technology Centers of Biopesticide in Shaanxi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Engineering and Technology Centers of Biopesticide in Shaanxi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - He Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Engineering and Technology Centers of Biopesticide in Shaanxi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Hussien NA, Mohamed HRH. Estimation of mandarin peel oil-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human normal fibroblast and cancerous prostate cell lines. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:100-106. [PMID: 33054537 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1836103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The low price and high contents of bioactive compounds in citrus peel increase interest in using it in various applications. Mandarin (Citrus reticluata) peel belongs to Rutaceae family and is rich with antioxidants. However, limited studies are available on toxicity of Mandarin peel oil (MPO) on human Prostate Cancer (PC3) cells. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MPO on Human normal Fibroblast (HFB4) and PC3 cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory (IC50) and safe concentration of MPO was detected using MTT assay. Comet and DNA fragmentation assays were performed to assess apoptotic DNA damage. Also, the ROS level was evaluated and the mRNA expression level of apoptotic and antiapoptotic genes were measured using RT-PCR. Results of the cytotoxic test showed that MPO induced preferential inhibition of PC3 cells proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 10.97 µg/ml. The time-dependent induction of DNA breaks demonstrated in PC3 cells treated with MPO safe concentration-stimulated ROS generation and apoptotic DNA damage through increased expression of tumor suppressor p53 and Bax genes and decreased expression of Bcl2 and MDM2 genes. In contrast, non-significant changes were observed in the DNA integrity, ROS levels and expressions of the tested genes in the normal HFB4 cells treated with MPO. Thus, we concluded that MPO induced preferential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects toward cancerous PC3 with no noticeable toxic effects in normal HFB4 cells and therefore further in vivo studies are recommended to test its possible use as anticancer drugs.
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Madureira J, Barros L, Cabo Verde S, Margaça FMA, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR. Ionizing Radiation Technologies to Increase the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Agro-Industrial Residues: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11054-11067. [PMID: 32936625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing demand in society for healthier foods, scientific communities are searching and developing new ingredients. In this context, agro-industrial residues, which can have a negative impact on the environment, represent a natural source for bioactive compounds and their recovery can contribute to economic and environmental sustainability. Ionizing radiation is a clean and eco-friendly technology that can be used to improve the extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this review, after presenting general aspects about bioactive compounds in agro-industrial residues and radiation technologies, is to focus on the effects of ionizing radiation on the extraction of bioactive compounds from these residues and related bioactive properties. Irradiated residues were demonstrated to have enhanced bioactive characteristics that turn the prepared extracts suitable for applications in food industry, resulting in high-added-value products as well as reducing adverse impacts on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madureira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cabo Verde
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Fernanda M A Margaça
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Shafiei N, Nezafat Z, Sadat Soheili Bidgoli N, Soleimani F, Varma RS. Valorisation of Fruits, their Juices and Residues into Valuable (Nano)materials for Applications in Chemical Catalysis and Environment. CHEM REC 2020; 20:1338-1393. [PMID: 32990405 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the most abundant wastes from all around the world is nutrient resources. Among them, fruits, their extracts, and residues comprise a major portion, which contain many valuable components that get lost during disposal or become burden on the shrinking landfills. These concerns are addressed by seeking sustainable processing methods that would have a minimal environmental impact. The crops contain renewable chemicals which are useful for catalysis, wastewater treatment, or preparation of nanomaterials; there has been an upsurge for the industrial applications of (nano)materials as their environmental and catalytic appliances is a fascinating subject to design cheaper and safer catalytic systems. Due to the excellent chemical properties of the fruit extracts, they have garnered attention as cost-effective catalysts and support materials. This review focuses on the preparation of (nano)materials and their catalytic and environmental applications and highlights the potential appliances and industrial benefits derived from these low-cost renewable and sustainable greener sources thus essentially converting waste into wealth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 37185-359, Iran
| | - Zahra Nezafat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 37185-359, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 37185-359, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Presentato A, Piacenza E, Scurria A, Albanese L, Zabini F, Meneguzzo F, Nuzzo D, Pagliaro M, Martino DC, Alduina R, Ciriminna R. A New Water-Soluble Bactericidal Agent for the Treatment of Infections Caused by Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090586. [PMID: 32911640 PMCID: PMC7558503 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapefruit and lemon pectin obtained from the respective waste citrus peels via hydrodynamic cavitation in water only are powerful, broad-scope antimicrobials against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Dubbed IntegroPectin, these pectic polymers functionalized with citrus flavonoids and terpenes show superior antimicrobial activity when compared to commercial citrus pectin. Similar to commercial pectin, lemon IntegroPectin determined ca. 3-log reduction in Staphylococcus aureus cells, while an enhanced activity of commercial citrus pectin was detected in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells with a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15 mg mL−1. Although grapefruit and lemon IntegroPectin share equal MBC in the case of P. aeruginosa cells, grapefruit IntegroPectin shows boosted activity upon exposure of S. aureus cells with a 40 mg mL−1 biopolymer concentration affording complete killing of the bacterial cells. Insights into the mechanism of action of these biocompatible antimicrobials and their effect on bacterial cells, at the morphological level, were obtained indirectly through Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and directly through scanning electron microscopy. In the era of antimicrobial resistance, these results are of great societal and sanitary relevance since citrus IntegroPectin biomaterials are also devoid of cytotoxic activity, as already shown for lemon IntegroPectin, opening the route to the development of new medical treatments of polymicrobial infections unlikely to develop drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonino Scurria
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Albanese
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Zabini
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Delia Chillura Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (R.C.)
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Suleria HAR, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR. Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Capacity in Different Fruit Peels. Foods 2020; 9:E1206. [PMID: 32882848 PMCID: PMC7556026 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels have a diverse range of phytochemicals including carotenoids, vitamins, dietary fibres, and phenolic compounds, some with remarkable antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the comprehensive screening and characterization of the complex array of phenolic compounds in different fruit peels is limited. This study aimed to determine the polyphenol content and their antioxidant potential in twenty different fruit peel samples in an ethanolic extraction, including their comprehensive characterization and quantification using the LC-MS/MS and HPLC. The obtained results showed that the mango peel exhibited the highest phenolic content for TPC (27.51 ± 0.63 mg GAE/g) and TFC (1.75 ± 0.08 mg QE/g), while the TTC (9.01 ± 0.20 mg CE/g) was slightly higher in the avocado peel than mango peel (8.99 ± 0.13 mg CE/g). In terms of antioxidant potential, the grapefruit peel had the highest radical scavenging capacities for the DPPH (9.17 ± 0.19 mg AAE/g), ABTS (10.79 ± 0.56 mg AAE/g), ferric reducing capacity in FRAB (9.22 ± 0.25 mg AA/g), and total antioxidant capacity, TAC (8.77 ± 0.34 mg AAE/g) compared to other fruit peel samples. The application of LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively identified and characterized a total of 176 phenolics, including phenolic acids (49), flavonoids (86), lignans (11), stilbene (5) and other polyphenols (25) in all twenty peel samples. From HPLC-PDA quantification, the mango peel sample showed significantly higher phenolic content, particularly for phenolic acids (gallic acid, 14.5 ± 0.4 mg/g) and flavonoids (quercetin, 11.9 ± 0.4 mg/g), as compared to other fruit peel samples. These results highlight the importance of fruit peels as a potential source of polyphenols. This study provides supportive information for the utilization of different phenolic rich fruit peels as ingredients in food, feed, and nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia;
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia;
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Kumar B, Smita K, Galeas S, Sharma V, Guerrero VH, Debut A, Cumbal L. Characterization and application of biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Citrus paradisi peel: A sustainable approach. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of plant constituents called phenolic compounds and correspond to the nonenergy part of the human diet. Flavonoids are found in vegetables, seeds, fruits, and beverages such as wine and beer. Over 7000 flavonoids have been identified and they have been considered substances with a beneficial action on human health, particularly of multiple positive effects because of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging action. Although several studies indicate that some flavonoids have provident actions, they occur only at high doses, confirming in most investigations the existence of anti-inflammatory effects, antiviral or anti-allergic, and their protective role against cardiovascular disease, cancer, and various pathologies. Flavonoids are generally removed by chemical methods using solvents and traditional processes, which besides being expensive, involve long periods of time and affect the bioactivity of such compounds. Recently, efforts to develop biotechnological strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of toxic solvents have been reported, reducing processing time and maintaining the bioactivity of the compounds. In this paper, we review, analyze, and discuss methodologies for biotechnological recovery/extraction of flavonoids from agro-industrial residues, describing the advances and challenges in the topic.
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Barreca D, Mandalari G, Calderaro A, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Felice MR, Gattuso G. Citrus Flavones: An Update on Sources, Biological Functions, and Health Promoting Properties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030288. [PMID: 32110931 PMCID: PMC7154817 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus spp. are among the most widespread plants cultivated worldwide and every year millions of tons of fruit, juices, or processed compounds are produced and consumed, representing one of the main sources of nutrients in human diet. Among these, the flavonoids play a key role in providing a wide range of health beneficial effects. Apigenin, diosmetin, luteolin, acacetin, chrysoeriol, and their respective glycosides, that occur in concentrations up to 60 mg/L, are the most common flavones found in Citrus fruits and juices. The unique characteristics of their basic skeleton and the nature and position of the substituents have attracted and stimulated vigorous investigations as a consequence of an enormous biological potential, that manifests itself as (among other properties) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This review analyzes the biochemical, pharmacological, and biological properties of Citrus flavones, emphasizing their occurrence in Citrus spp. fruits and juices, on their bioavailability, and their ability to modulate signal cascades and key metabolic enzymes both in vitro and in vivo. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciFinder were used to investigate recent published articles on Citrus spp. in terms of components and bioactivity potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906765187; Fax: +39-0906765186
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Agricultural Science, Università degli Studi Mediterranea, Feo di Vito, IT-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Rosa Felice
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
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Mashhadi Akbar Boojar M. An Overview of the Cellular Mechanisms of Flavonoids Radioprotective Effects. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 10:13-19. [PMID: 32002357 PMCID: PMC6983988 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2020.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the remarkable application of radiotherapy in the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases and even nuclear war, it is important to protect healthy tissues and people at risk from the radiation. Currently, there is no ideal and safe radioprotective agent available and we are seeing a great effort to find these agents from natural sources. Phenolic compounds, as well as flavonoid, are presented widely as the second metabolite in plants and they have been considered for investigation according to their benefits for human health, healing and preventing many disorders. The major bioactive benefits of flavonoids include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-bacterial and viral, neuroprotection and radioprotective effects. Their lower toxicity and oral administration have made it suitable for radiotherapy patient, radiation, military forces, and even the general public. This review attempts to provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms involved in flavonoid radio-protective effects. Data of these studies will provide a comprehensive perspective to flavonoids and can help to optimize their effects in radioprotection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mashhadi Akbar Boojar
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Pérez-Montoya E, García-Medina S, Cristóbal-Luna JM, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Paniagua-Pérez R, Álvarez-González I. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ifosfamide in mouse pre-administered with grapefruit juice or naringin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16621. [PMID: 31719649 PMCID: PMC6851181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapefruit juice (GFJ) and naringin when consumed previously or together with medications may alter their bioavailavility and consequently the clinical effect. Ifosfamide (IF) is an antitumoral agent prescribed against various types of cancer. Nevertheless, there is no information regarding its interaction with the ingestion of GFJ or naringin. The aims of the present report were validating a method for the quantitation of IF in the plasma of mouse, and determine if mice pretreated with GFJ or naringin may modify the IF pharmacokinetics. Our HPLC results to quantify IF showed adequate intra and inter-day precision (RSD < 15%) and accuracy (RE < 15%) indicating reliability. Also, the administration of GFJ or naringin increased Cmax of IF 22.9% and 17.8%, respectively, and decreased Tmax of IF 19.2 and 53.8%, respectively. The concentration of IF was higher when GFJ (71.35 ± 3.5 µg/mL) was administered with respect to that obtained in the combination naringin with IF (64.12 ± µg/mL); however, the time required to reach such concentration was significantly lower when naringin was administered (p < 0.5). We concluded that pre-administering GFJ and naringin to mice increased the Tmax and decreased the Cmax of IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - Edilberto Pérez-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - José A Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Servicio de Bioquímica. Av. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico.
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Rouquié C, Dahdouh L, Ricci J, Wisniewski C, Delalonde M. Immersed membranes configuration for the microfiltration of fruit-based suspensions. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Smeriglio A, Cornara L, Denaro M, Barreca D, Burlando B, Xiao J, Trombetta D. Antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of an ancient Mediterranean citrus (Citrus lumia Risso) albedo extract: Microscopic observations and polyphenol characterization. Food Chem 2019; 279:347-355. [PMID: 30611500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Current Research Trends in Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula: A Bibliometric Review from 2000 to 2016. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3961395. [PMID: 30941195 PMCID: PMC6420998 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3961395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula (TCMF) study has been recognized widely by medical scientists around the world. However, few researchers have analyzed and summarized the rapid growth of academic articles of TCMF published in English. The primary aim of this work was to assess the outcome of these research outputs in the TCMF field from 2000 to 2016 and to evaluate the situation and tendency. Methods Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science database, which includes all academic articles published from 2000 to 2016; articles were tracked by the keywords “Traditional Chinese Medicine”, “Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula”, and “Chinese herb formula”. Moreover, visualization software CiteSpace V was used to analyze and generate visualization knowledge maps. Results In total, 26,917 articles appeared in the Web of Science database, and only 2,621 publications met requirement based on reading the abstract or full text. The annual publications total, list of journals, research interests, list of medicine names, disease types, and the top 20 cited articles were given in this research paper. In addition, we compared the research of Japan and Korea TCMF, in the appendix. Conclusion This review demonstrates that increasingly more researchers have interest in the TCMF and TCMF has great significant advantages over other areas of focus. However, these publications were published rarely in top academic journals and most best-quality papers have bias toward medical analysis rather than pharmacology. To make a breakthrough in TCMF field, further investigation is required to place emphasis on the deepening study of the mechanism of related TCMF.
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Rahman NFA, Shamsudin R, Ismail A, Shah NNAK, Varith J. Effects of drying methods on total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of the pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peels. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Underutilized Citrus sp. Pomelo ( Citrus grandis) and Kachai lemon ( Citrus jambhiri) exhale in phytochemicals and antioxidant potential. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 56:217-223. [PMID: 30728563 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of sixteen varieties of citrus comprising mandarins, limes, sweet orange and underutilized fruits were assessed. Limonoids, ascorbic acid and carotenoids significantly varies in the varieties. The antioxidant potential adjudged by evaluation with four accepted assays ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and TPC. Among them, Kachai lemon retains high antioxidant capacity with the assays DPPH (9.38 mM L-1 Trolox) and also recorded highest TPC (13.57 mM L-1 Trolox). Pomelo has shown a tremendous potential having the highest ABTS (4.49 mM L-1 Trolox) and FRAP (1.92 mM L-1 Trolox) activity, which reflects its potential at par with the grapefruit. Significant correlation has been found between DPPH and TPC, and also FRAP with TPC. It can be assumed that among citrus cultivar, Kachai lemon and Pomelo underutilized citrus fruit are showing enhanced potential to antioxidant capacity and can be exploited in terms of energy, nutrients and health supplements.
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Naringin protects acrolein-induced pulmonary injuries through modulating apoptotic signaling and inflammation signaling pathways in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rouamba A, Compaoré M, Ouédraogo M, Kiendrebeogo M. Human Lymphocyte-Protective Effects of an Ethanol Extract from Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. (Caesalpiniaceae) Fruit Pulp. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E104. [PMID: 30081554 PMCID: PMC6115804 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the antioxidant capacity and the human lymphocyte-protective effect of the ethanolic extract from Detarium microcarpum fruit pulp against oxidative stress damage. Human lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of extract, followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, the antioxidant property of the extract was evaluated in vitro using hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical-scavenging assays. Compared to the vehicle, the fruit pulp ethanol extract did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on human lymphocytes. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide to human lymphocytes was significantly reduced by fruit extract pretreatment. The extract and ascorbic acid exhibited similar cytoprotective activity (p > 0.05). The fruit pulp extract showed more antioxidant activity than gallic acid in the hydrogen peroxide-scavenging model, while in the nitric oxide-quenching model, the fruit extract and gallic acid showed similar activity. The fruit pulp of D. microcarpum contains potent antioxidant and cell-protective compounds. The use of the fruit pulp of D. microcarpum as a food supplement could rescue cellular oxidative damage responsible for numerous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ablassé Rouamba
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), UFR-SVT, University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), UFR-SVT, University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Maurice Ouédraogo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology (LPA), UFR-SVT, University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph+ KI-ZERBO, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.
| | - Martin Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), UFR-SVT, University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
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da Silva ES, Oliveira BG, Pereira ACH, Pimentel EF, Pezzuto JM, Lenz D, Kondratyuk TP, Andrade TU, Fronza M, Scherer R, Maia JF, Romão W, Alves FDL, Ventura JA, Endringer DC. Induction of NAD (P)H: Quinone reductase 1 (QR1) and antioxidant activities in vitro of ‘Toranja Burarama’ (Citrus maxima
[Burm.] Merr.). Phytother Res 2018; 32:2059-2068. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elysiane S. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Bruno G. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia H. Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Elisângela F. Pimentel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Dominik Lenz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Tamara P. Kondratyuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy; University of Hawai'i at Hilo; Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Tadeu U. Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Marcio Fronza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - June F. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Flávio de L. Alves
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER); Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - José A. Ventura
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER); Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Denise C. Endringer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
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Mostafa NM, Abd El-Ghffar EA, Hegazy HG, Eldahshan OA. New Methoxyflavone fromCasimiroa sapotaand the Biological Activities of Its Leaves Extract against Lead Acetate Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700528. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada M. Mostafa
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | | | - Hoda G. Hegazy
- Zoology Department; Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Omayma A. Eldahshan
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo 11566 Egypt
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Cristóbal-Luna JM, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Grapefruit and its biomedical, antigenotoxic and chemopreventive properties. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:224-234. [PMID: 29284137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Mcfad) is a perenifolium tree 5-6 m high with a fruit of about 15 cm in diameter, protected by the peel we can find about 11-14 segments (carpels), each of which is surrounded by a membrane and each containing the juice sacs, as well as the seeds. The fruit is made up of numerous compounds, and is known to have nutritive value because of the presence of various vitamins and minerals, among other chemicals. The fruit is also used in the field of gastronomy. Information has been accumulated regarding the participation of the fruit structures in a variety of biomedical, antigenotoxic and chemopreventive effects, surely related with the presence of the numerous chemicals that have been determined to constitute the fruit. Such studies have been carried out in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models, and in a few human assays. The information published so far has shown interesting results, therefore, the aims of the present review are to initially examine the main characteristics of the fruit, followed by systematization of the acquired knowledge concerning the biomedical, antigenotoxic and chemopreventive effects produced by the three main structures of the fruit: peel, seed, and pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
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Sun CQ, Johnson KD, Wong H, Foo LY. Biotransformation of Flavonoid Conjugates with Fatty Acids and Evaluations of Their Functionalities. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:759. [PMID: 29163154 PMCID: PMC5673637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic conjugation with fatty acids including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) derived from fish oil to three citrus fruit-derived flavonoids: grapefruit extract, naringin, and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone were investigated. The conversions were achieved over 85% under the catalysis of lipase Novozyme 435 in acetone at 45°C at semi-preparative scale. The conjugates were purified via solvent partition and silica gel chromatography and achieved 90–98% in purity. The NMR analysis of the conjugates confirmed that the fatty acid carbon chain was linked onto the primary –OH group on the glucose moiety of the flavonoids. The purified flavonoid conjugates alongside their original flavonoids were analyzed for antioxidant activities via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, and anti-peroxidation test via peroxide values measured during a 1-week fish oil storage trial. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) assay was conducted with 1, 10, and 100 μM of naringin and grapefruits and their conjugates, respectively, and total VEGF levels were measured at 24 and 48 h, respectively, using ELISA and dot blot analysis. The results from these functionality experiments demonstrated that flavonoid FA conjugates have at least comparable (if not higher) antioxidant activity, anti-peroxidation activity, and anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Q Sun
- Integrated Bioactive Technologies, Research and Technical Services, Callaghan Innovation, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Keryn D Johnson
- Integrated Bioactive Technologies, Research and Technical Services, Callaghan Innovation, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Herbert Wong
- Integrated Bioactive Technologies, Research and Technical Services, Callaghan Innovation, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - L Y Foo
- Integrated Bioactive Technologies, Research and Technical Services, Callaghan Innovation, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Jayachitra C, Jamuna S, Ali MA, Paulsamy S, Al-Hemaid FMA. Evaluation of traditional medicinal plant, Cissus setosa Roxb. (Vitaceae) for antiulcer property. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:293-297. [PMID: 29472781 PMCID: PMC5815986 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cissus setosa is an indigenous medicinal herb commonly used for the treatment of gastro ulcers. In the current investigation the aerial methanolic extract of C. setosa was investigated for their antiulcer activity using pylorus ligation and ethanol in experimental rats. The extract was administered at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. orally for 3 days. However, higher dose of the extract subsequently reduced gastric ulcer induced aberrations by pylorus ligation (70.05%) and ethanol (78.16%) as judged by their altered biochemical parameters such as free acidity, total acidity, total carbohydrate, total protein and pepsin activity. Furthermore, macroscopic examination of rat’s stomach also showed that the pretreatment with methanolic extract notably lowered the pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcers. As perceived in the present study, evidently, our findings basically supports the potency of the methanol extracts of C. setosa to treat gastrointestinal related disorders, thus lends pharmacological credence to the suggested folklore use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Senguttuvan Jamuna
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, India
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subramaniam Paulsamy
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, India
| | - Fahad M A Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Brožková I, Dvořáková V, Michálková K, Červenka L, Velichová H. Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Buckwheat-Based Cookies Designed for a Raw Food Vegan Diet as Affected by Moderate Drying Temperature. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:429-435. [PMID: 27679438 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat cookies with various ingredients for raw food vegan diet are usually prepared by soaking them in water at ambient temperature followed by drying at moderate temperature. The aim of this study was to examine the temperature effect on the microbiological quality, antioxidant properties and oxidative stability of lipids of final dried samples. The mixture of ingredients was soaked for 20 h in distilled water, and then cookies were formed and dried in air-forced oven at constant temperature in the range from 40 to 60 °C. Total viable counts, fungi, yeasts, coliform and aerobic spore-forming bacteria counts were evaluated in dried samples and were found to decrease during drying at 50 and 60 °C. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the former showed the highest value at 40 °C. Superoxide dismutase activity was also higher at 40 °C in comparison with that at 60 °C. The percentage of lipid peroxidation inhibition increased with the increase in drying temperature until 4th day of incubation. While peroxide value was significantly higher in samples dried at 40 °C, TBARS values did not show significant changes during the drying process. The results of this study suggest that drying buckwheat-based cookies at 40 °C retained their good antioxidant properties but represent a potentially serious microbial hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Brožková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Dvořáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Michálková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Červenka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Velichová
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
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50
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Ramanauskiene K, Raudonis R, Majiene D. Rosmarinic Acid and Melissa officinalis Extracts Differently Affect Glioblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1564257. [PMID: 27688825 PMCID: PMC5027300 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1564257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) has many biological effects but especially important is its neuroprotective activity. The aim of the study is to produce different extracts of Melissa officinalis and analyse their chemical composition and biological properties on rat glioblastoma C6 cells. Results revealed that rosmarinic acid (RA) is the predominant compound of lemon balm extracts. RA has cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells (LC50 290.5 μM after the incubation of 24 h and LC50 171.3 μM after 48 h). RA at concentration 80-130 μM suppresses the cell proliferation and has an antioxidant effect. 200 μM and higher concentrations of RA have a prooxidant effect and initiate cell death through necrosis. The aqueous extract of lemon balm is also enriched in phenolic compounds: protocatechuic, caftaric, caffeic, ferulic, and cichoric acids and flavonoid luteolin-7-glucoside. This extract at concentrations 50 μM-200 μM RA has cytotoxic activity and initiates cell death through apoptosis. Extracts prepared with 70% ethanol contain the biggest amount of active compounds. These extracts have the highest cytotoxic activity on glioblastoma cells. They initiate generation of intracellular ROS and cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Our data suggest that differently prepared lemon balm extracts differently affect glioblastoma cells and can be used as neuroprotective agents in several therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raimondas Raudonis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Majiene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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