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Kobryń J, Dałek J, Musiał W. The Influence of Selected Factors on the Aqueous Cryptotanshinone Solubility. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070992. [PMID: 34209049 PMCID: PMC8309180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cryptotanshinone (CT), a diterpenoid obtained from the root of Salviae miltiorrhiza, is significantly hindered due to its poor aqueous solubility. The aim of the present research was to develop an optimal solvent for analytical and preparative procedures of prospective dermal hydrogel formulations with CT. The influence of pH, temperature, and cosolvent presence on the solubility of CT was examined. Various components were applied to increase CT solubility, i.e., ethanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol, and triisopropanoloamine. The concentration of CT was analyzed by spectral and chromatographic methods, including UV–vis and HPLC methods. The increased solubility of CT was demonstrated in alkaline solvents with ethanol as a cosolvent. CT solutions doped with alcoholamines are more stable compared to CT solutions doped with NaOH.
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Lo SH, Hsu CT, Niu HS, Niu CS, Cheng JT, Chen ZC. Cryptotanshinone Inhibits STAT3 Signaling to Alleviate Cardiac Fibrosis in Type 1-like Diabetic Rats. Phytother Res 2017; 31:638-646. [PMID: 28176375 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone is an active principal ingredient isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), a medicinal plant used in China to treat cardiac disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cryptotanshinone on myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats. In streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic model hyperglycemic rats (STZ-treated rats), fasting blood glucose levels and heart weight/body weight ratio were markedly increased but both were not modified by cryptotanshinone. Additionally, cardiac performance in catheterized STZ-treated rats was improved. The histological results from Masson staining showed that cryptotanshinone attenuated cardiac fibrosis in STZ-treated rats. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), matrix metalloproteinase-9, and connective tissue growth factor were reduced by cryptotanshinone in high glucose-cultured cardiomyocytes, similar to the reductions observed in the hearts of STZ-treated rats. In conclusion, while STAT3 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 and connective tissue growth factor expression in diabetic rats with cardiac fibrosis, cryptotanshinone inhibited fibrosis to improve cardiac function by suppressing the STAT3 pathway. Cryptotanshinone is suitable as an alternative remedy for therapy of cardiac fibrosis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsiang Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongxing Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, 10341, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, 97041, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tien Hsu
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Yanchao, Kaohsiung City, 82401, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, 97041, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, 97041, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, 71003, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, 71003, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren, Tainan City, 71101, Taiwan
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, 71003, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, 71003, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Jean-Tae City, Tainan County, 71701, Taiwan
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