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Han X, Lv Z, He M, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen J, Liu Y, Hu D, Wu X, Zhai R, Huang H, Huang S. Effects of multiple metals exposure on abnormal liver function: The mediating role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116283. [PMID: 38574647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Equilibration of metal metabolism is critical for normal liver function. Most epidemiological studies have only concentrated on the influence of limited metals. However, the single and synergistic impact of multiple-metal exposures on abnormal liver function (ALF) are still unknown. A cross-sectional study involving 1493 Chinese adults residing in Shenzhen was conducted. Plasma concentrations of 13 metals, including essential metals (calcium, copper, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and selenium) and toxic metals (aluminum, cadmium, arsenic, and thallium) were detected by the inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS). ALF was ascertained as any observed abnormality from albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and direct bilirubin. Diverse statistical methods were used to evaluate the single and mixture effect of metals, as well as the dose-response relationships with ALF risk, respectively. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of blood lipids in the relation of metal exposure with ALF. The average age of subjects was 59.7 years, and 56.7 % were females. Logistic regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression model consistently suggested that increased levels of arsenic, aluminum, manganese, and cadmium were related to elevated risk of ALF; while magnesium and zinc showed protective effects on ALF (all p-trend < 0.05). The grouped weighted quantile sum (GWQS) regression revealed that the WQS index of essential metals and toxic metals showed significantly negative or positive relationship with ALF, respectively. Aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, and manganese showed linear whilst magnesium and zinc showed non-linear dose-response relationships with ALF risk. Mediation analysis showed that LDL-c mediated 4.41 % and 14.74 % of the relationship of plasma cadmium and manganese with ALF, respectively. In summary, plasma aluminum, arsenic, manganese, cadmium, magnesium, and zinc related with ALF, and LDL-c might underlie the pathogenesis of ALF associated with cadmium and manganese exposure. This study may provide critical public health significances in liver injury prevention and scientific evidence for the establishment of environmental standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mei'an He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rihong Zhai
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518303, China
| | - Suli Huang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Qiu F, Zeng R, Li D, Ye T, Xu W, Wang X, Yan X, Li H, Hu X. Establishment and bioinformatics evaluation of the ethanol combined with palmitic acid-induced mouse hepatocyte AFLD model (the Hu-Qiu Model). Heliyon 2023; 9:e19359. [PMID: 37681138 PMCID: PMC10481297 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcoholic liver disease has brought great harm to human health. Alcoholic fatty liver disease is the first stage in the progression of all chronic alcoholic liver diseases. At present, there is no cell model that fully matches the etiology (high-fat diet + alcohol) of human alcoholic fatty liver disease. We used 100 mM ethanol +6.25 μM PA to establish the ethanol combined with PA-induced mouse hepatocyte AFLD model (EP-AFLD hepatocyte model) and performed the RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing. Through bioinformatics analysis and comparison, we discovered that the EP-AFLD hepatocyte model was more suitable for studying the pathological mechanism of AFLD than the mouse AFLD hepatocyte model induced by ethanol alone. And through bioinformatics analysis, we further discovered that 77 genes from the differential expression gene set of EP-AFLD hepatocyte model were engaged in the pathological process of mouse AFLD and 40 genes were involved in the pathogenesis of both mouse AFLD and human AFLD. In this study, a novel mouse hepatocyte AFLD model was successfully established by combining ethanol and PA, which can be used to study the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of AFLD in mice or humans. This study will provide a brand-new in vitro experimental platform for the in-depth study of AFLD pathogenesis and the screening of AFLD therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Du Li
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tingjie Ye
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yan
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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3
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Jia L. Dietary cholesterol in alcohol-associated liver disease. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00026. [PMID: 37152117 PMCID: PMC10158609 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) worldwide. In addition to excessive alcohol consumption, other nutritional factors have been shown to affect the initiation and progression of ALD. The emerging role of cholesterol in exacerbating ALD has been reported recently and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. In addition, the interplay between dietary cholesterol and alcohol on cholesterol metabolism is reviewed. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-lowering drugs in managing the onset and severity of ALD. Finally, we suggest the future mechanistic investigation of the effect of cholesterol on insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in the exacerbation of alcohol-induced cellular and systemic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Sex-specific alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism in low birth weight adult guinea pigs. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1078-1089. [PMID: 34230622 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW) have been widely reported as an independent risk factor for adult hypercholesterolaemia and increased hepatic cholesterol in a sex-specific manner. However, the specific impact of uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), a leading cause of LBW in developed world, on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in later life, is ill defined and is clinically relevant in understanding later life liver metabolic health trajectories. METHODS Hepatic cholesterol, transcriptome, cholesterol homoeostasis regulatory proteins, and antioxidant markers were studied in UPI-induced LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) male and female guinea pigs at 150 days. RESULTS Hepatic free and total cholesterol were increased in LBW versus NBW males. Transcriptome analysis of LBW versus NBW livers revealed that "cholesterol metabolism" was an enriched pathway in LBW males but not in females. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and cytochrome P450 7A1 protein, involved in hepatic cholesterol efflux and catabolism, respectively, and catalase activity were decreased in LBW male livers. Superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in LBW males but increased in LBW females. CONCLUSIONS UPI environment is associated with a later life programed hepatic cholesterol accumulation via impaired cholesterol elimination in a sex-specific manner. These programmed alterations could underlie later life cholesterol-induced hepatic lipotoxicity in LBW male offspring. IMPACT Low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for increased hepatic cholesterol. Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) resulting in LBW increased hepatic cholesterol content, altered hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in young adult guinea pigs. UPI-induced LBW was also associated with markers of a compromised hepatic cholesterol elimination process and failing antioxidant system in young adult guinea pigs. These changes, at the current age studied, were sex-specific, only being observed in LBW males and not in LBW females. These programmed alterations could lead to further hepatic damage and greater predisposition to liver diseases in UPI-induced LBW male offspring as they age.
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Castellanos-Tapia L, Tejero-Barrera ME, Salas-Silva S, Simoni-Nieves A, Escobedo-Calvario A, Gomez-Quiroz LE. Mediterranean-like mix of fatty acids induces cellular protection on lipid-overloaded hepatocytes from western diet fed mice. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:489-496. [PMID: 32663612 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remains as one of the main liver disorders worldwide. It is widely accepted that is the kind of lipid, rather than the amount deposited in the cells that determines cell damage. Cholesterol and saturated free fatty acids are deleterious lipids when accumulated but, in contrast, there are some valuable lipids that could counteract those with harmful properties. Much of this knowledge arises from studies using a single fatty acid, but the effects of a combination of fatty acids, as obtained by diet has been poorly addressed. In the present work, we were focused to figure out the cellular effect of two different mixes of fatty acids, one with high proportion of saturated fatty acids, and another one with high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (Mediterranean-like) in a cellular model of steatosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary mouse hepatocytes from animals fed with a western diet (high fat and carbohydrates diet), were treated with both mixes of fatty acids for 24 h. RESULTS Our data clearly show that only the high unsaturated fatty acid mix induced a decrease in triglycerides (47.5%) and cholesterol (59%) content in steatotic hepatocytes mediating cellular protection associated to the decrement of ROS and oxidative damage. The mixture of high saturated fatty acids exhibited no effects, preserving high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and oxidative damage. In conclusion, our results show that Mediterranean-like mix of fatty acids exerts cellular protection in steatosis by decreasing triglycerides, cholesterol, ROS content and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyssia Castellanos-Tapia
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Biologia Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Soraya Salas-Silva
- Posgrado en Biologia Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Simoni-Nieves
- Posgrado en Biologia Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Escobedo-Calvario
- Posgrado en Biologia Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 Suppression Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010052. [PMID: 33466250 PMCID: PMC7824747 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite existing strong evidence on oxidative markers overproduction following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the mechanism by which oxidative enzyme Cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) contributes to I/R outcomes is not clear. In this study, we sought to evaluate the functional significance of CYP2E1 in I/R. CYP2E1 KO mice and controls were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo-90 min) followed by 24 h of reperfusion to induce focal I/R injury as an acute stage model. Then, histological and chemical analyses were conducted to investigate the role of CYP2E1 in lesion volume, oxidative stress, and inflammation exacerbation. Furthermore, the role of CYP2E1 on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was investigated by measuring 20-hydroxyecosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) activity, as well as, in vivo BBB transfer rate. Following I/R, the CYP2E1 KO mice exhibited a significantly lower lesion volume, and neurological deficits compared to controls (p < 0.005). Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration were significantly lower in the CYP2E1(−/−) I/R group (p < 0.001). The BBB damage was significantly lower in CYP2E1(−/−) mice compared to wild-type (WT) (p < 0.001), while 20-HETE production was increased by 41%. Besides, inflammatory cytokines expression and the number of activated microglia were significantly lower in CYP2E1(−/−) mice following I/R. CYP2E1 suppression ameliorates I/R injury and protects BBB integrity by reducing both oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Ishii N, Homma T, Guo X, Yamada KI, Yamada S, Fujii J. Ascorbic acid prevents N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatic injury and hepatocarcinogenesis in Akr1a-knockout mice. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:192-201. [PMID: 32805337 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To gain insights into the benefits of ascorbic acid (AsA) in hepatoprotection, we examined the status of Akr1a-/- (KO) mice, which biosynthesize AsA at about 10% the rate as Akr1a+/+ (WT) mice, in terms of their response to an N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatic injury. The intraperitoneal injection of NDEA (35 mg/kg) started at 4 weeks of age and was performed at weekly intervals thereafter. While the fatality rate was substantial in the KO mice, AsA supplementation (1.5 mg/ml in the drinking water) greatly extended their life-spans. Only two out of 54 KO mice survived to 28 weeks, and both contained approximately an order of magnitude greater number of tumor nodules compared to WT mice or KO mice with AsA supplementation. Histological and biochemical examinations at 20 weeks indicated that AsA potently protected against the hepatotoxic action of NDEA. Interestingly, the AsA levels in the liver were higher in the AsA-supplemented KO mouse groups that had received the NDEA treatment compared to the corresponding control group. While the protein levels of Cyp2e1, an enzyme that plays a major role in the bioactivation of NDEA, had declined to a similar extent among the experimental groups, p-nitrophenol-oxidizing activity was sustained at high levels in the KO mouse livers but AsA supplementation suppressed this activity. These findings confirm that AsA is a potent micronutrient that copes with hepatic injury and cancer development caused by exposure to NDEA in the livers of Akr1a-knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
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Saleh M, Taher M, Sohrabpour AA, Vaezi AA, Nasiri Toosi M, Kavianpour M, Ghazvinian Z, Abdolahi S, Verdi J. Perspective of placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:71. [PMID: 32483484 PMCID: PMC7245988 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease and is determined by coagulopathy (with INR ≥ 1.5) and hepatic encephalopathy as a result of severe liver injury in patients without preexisting liver disease. Since there are problems with liver transplantation including lack of donors, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and high costs of this process, new therapeutic approaches alongside current treatments are needed. The placenta is a tissue that is normally discarded after childbirth. On the other hand, human placenta is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which is easily available, without moral problems, and its derived cells are less affected by age and environmental factors. Therefore, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) can be considered as an allogeneic source for liver disease. Considering the studies on MSCs and their effects on various diseases, it can be stated that MSCs are among the most important agents to be used for novel future therapies of liver diseases. In this paper, we will investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells through migration and immigration to the site of injury, cell-to-cell contact, immunomodulatory effects, and secretory factors in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Saleh
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher
- 2Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Sohrabpour
- 3Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Vaezi
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri Toosi
- 5Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Liver Transplantation Research Center Imam, Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Kavianpour
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazvinian
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Barron KA, Jeffries KA, Krupenko NI. Sphingolipids and the link between alcohol and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 322:109058. [PMID: 32171848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence underscores alcohol consumption as a strong risk factor for multiple cancer types, with liver cancer being most commonly associated with alcohol intake. While mechanisms linking alcohol consumption to malignant tumor development are not fully understood, the likely players in ethanol-induced carcinogenesis are genotoxic stress caused by formation of acetaldehyde, increased oxidative stress, and altered nutrient metabolism, including the impairment of methyl transfer reactions. Alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are another potential link between ethanol and cancer development. In particular, ceramides are involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis and are known to function as important regulators of malignant transformation as well as tumor progression. However, to date, the cross-talk between ceramides and alcohol in cancer disease is largely an open question and only limited data are available on this subject. Most studies linking ceramide to cancer considered liver steatosis as the underlying mechanism, which is not surprising taking into consideration that ceramide pathways are an integral part of the overall lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the latest studies pointing to ceramide as an important mediator of cancer-promoting effects of chronic alcohol consumption and underscores the necessity of understanding the role of sphingolipids and lipid signaling in response to alcohol in order to prevent and/or successfully manage diseases caused by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia I Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, USA.
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10
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Han H, He Y, Johnson H, Mishra P, Lee H, Ji C. Protective Effects of Facilitated Removal of Blood Alcohol and Acetaldehyde Against Liver Injury in Animal Models Fed Alcohol and Anti-HIV Drugs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1091-1102. [PMID: 30908665 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed enzyme nanoparticles (ENP) of alcohol metabolism. This study was to evaluate protective effects of facilitated removal of blood alcohol and/or acetaldehyde on anti-HIV drugs and alcohol-induced liver injuries. METHODS ENP were prepared for degrading alcohol completely (ENP1) or partially into acetaldehyde (ENP2), which were applied to mice of acute binge or chronic-binge alcohol feeding in the presence of antivirals (ritonavir and lopinavir). Liver pathologies were examined to assess the protective effects of ENP. RESULTS In the acute model, ENP1 and ENP2 reduced the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by 41 and 32%, respectively, within 4 hr, whereas in control without ENP, BAC was reduced only by 15%. Blood acetaldehyde concentration (BADC) was increased by 39% in alcohol-fed mice treated with ENP2 comparing to control. No significant effects of the anti-HIV drugs on BAC or BADC were observed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and expression of liver TNF-α were both significantly increased in the alcohol-fed mice, which were normalized by ENP1. In the presence of the antivirals, ALT was partially reduced by ENP1 or ENP2. In the chronic model, inflammation, fatty liver, and ALT were increased, which were deteriorated by the antivirals. ENP1 partially reduced BAC, BADC, ALT, and expression of inflammation markers of TNF-α, F4/80, and IL-6 and lipogenic factors of ACC, LXRα, and SREBP1. ENP2 reduced BAC without significant effects on ALT, inflammation, or lipogenesis. Antivirals and alcohol synergistically increased expression of organelle stress markers of CHOP, sXBP-1, ATF6, and GCP60. ENP1 reduced BAC, CHOP, and sXbp-1. However, no effects of ENP1 were found on ATF6 or GCP60. CONCLUSIONS Removal of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde by the ENP protects the liver against alcoholic injuries, and the protection is less effective in chronic alcohol and antiviral feeding due to additional drug-induced organelle stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuxin He
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heather Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pratibha Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Harrison Lee
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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11
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Domínguez-Pérez M, Simoni-Nieves A, Rosales P, Nuño-Lámbarri N, Rosas-Lemus M, Souza V, Miranda RU, Bucio L, Uribe Carvajal S, Marquardt JU, Seo D, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC. Cholesterol burden in the liver induces mitochondrial dynamic changes and resistance to apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7213-7223. [PMID: 30239004 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of histopathological changes ranging from non-inflammatory intracellular fat deposition to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress into hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent data suggest that impaired hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and its accumulation are relevant to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH. Despite a vital physiological function of cholesterol, mitochondrial dysfunction is an important consequence of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia and was, subsequently, linked to many pathophysiological conditions. The aim in the current study was to evaluate the morphological and molecular changes of cholesterol overload in mouse liver and particularly, in mitochondria, induced by a high-cholesterol (HC) diet for one month. Histopathological studies revealed microvesicular hepatic steatosis and significantly elevated levels of liver cholesterol and triglycerides leading to impaired liver synthesis. Further, high levels of oxidative stress could be determined in liver tissue as well as primary hepatocyte culture. Transcriptomic changes induced by the HC diet involved disruption in key pathways related to cell death and oxidative stress as well as upregulation of genes related to glutathione homeostasis. Impaired liver function could be associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content and significant alterations in mitochondrial dynamics. We demonstrate that cholesterol overload in the liver leads to mitochondrial changes which may render damaged hepatocytes proliferative and resistant to cell death whereby perpetuating liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
| | - Arturo Simoni-Nieves
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México
| | - Patricia Rosales
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México
| | - Natalia Nuño-Lámbarri
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Rosas-Lemus
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Souza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana U Miranda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Bucio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Uribe Carvajal
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Bioinformatics Department, Macrogen Corp, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Kim Y, Natarajan SK, Chung S. Gamma-Tocotrienol Attenuates the Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800519. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongeun Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE 68583 USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE 68583 USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE 68583 USA
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13
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López-Reyes A, Clavijo-Cornejo D, Fernández-Torres J, Medina-Luna D, Estrada-Villaseñor EG, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez M, Granados J, Vargas-Alarcón G, Pineda C, García H, Morales-Garza LA, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Martínez-Flores K. Fast Morphological Gallbladder Changes Triggered by a Hypercholesterolemic Diet. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:857-863. [PMID: 30145572 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Obesity is a worldwide epidemic problem, described as a risk factor for hepatic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and other pathologies related to development of cholesterol crystals and cholesterol gallbladder stones. It has been reported that cholesterol overload may cause hepatic damage; however, little is known about the effects of an acute hypercholesterolemic diet on the gallbladder. The aim of this manuscript was to evaluate the impact of a cholesterol-rich diet on the gallbladder. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included ten eight-week-old C57BL6 male mice, which were divided into two study groups and fed different diets for 48 h: a hypercholesterolemic diet and a balanced Chow diet. After 48 h, the mice were analyzed by US with a Siemens Acuson Antares equipment. Mice were subsequently sacrificed to carry out a cholesterol analysis with a Refloton System (Roche), a crystal analysis with a Carl Zeiss microscope with polarized light, and a histological analysis with Hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS The hypercholesterolemic diet induced an increase in gallbladder size and total cholesterol content in the bile, along with important histological changes. CONCLUSION Cholesterol overloads not only trigger hepatic damage, but also affect the gallbladder significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto López-Reyes
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denise Clavijo-Cornejo
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Fernández-Torres
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Medina-Luna
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erendida G Estrada-Villaseñor
- Pathology Service. National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Gómez-Quiroz
- Department of Health Sciences. Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marwin Gutiérrez
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- Transplantation Department. National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Molecular Biology Department. National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pineda
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hiram García
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Homma T, Shirato T, Akihara R, Kobayashi S, Lee J, Yamada KI, Miyata S, Takahashi M, Fujii J. Mice deficient in aldo-keto reductase 1a (Akr1a) are resistant to thioacetamide-induced liver injury. Toxicol Lett 2018; 294:37-43. [PMID: 29763686 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde reductase (Akr1a) has been reported to be involved in detoxification of reactive aldehydes as well as in the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid (AsA). Because Akr1a is expressed at high levels in the liver and is involved in xenobiotic metabolism, our objective was to investigate the hepato-protective role of Akr1a in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity model using Akr1a-deficient (Akr1a-/-) mice. Wild-type (WT) and Akr1a-/- mice were injected intraperitoneally with TAA and the extent of liver injury in the acute phase was assessed. Intriguingly, the extent of TAA-induced liver damage was less in the Akr1a-/- mice than in the WT mice. Biomarkers for the ER stress-induced apoptosis pathway were markedly decreased in the livers of Akr1a-/- mice, whereas AsA levels in plasma did not change significantly in any of the mice. In the liver, TAA is converted to reactive metabolites such as TAA S-oxide and then to TAA S, S-dioxide via the action of CYP2E1. In Akr1a-/- mice, CYP2E1 activity was relatively lower than WT mice at the basal level, leading to reactive TAA metabolites being produced at lower levels after the TAA treatment. The levels of liver proteins that were modified with these metabolites were also lower in the Akr1a-/- mice than the WT mice after the TAA treatment. Furthermore, after a lethal dose of a TAA challenge, the WT mice all died within 36 h, whereas almost all of the Akr1a-/- mice survived. These collective results suggest that Akr1a-/- mice are resistant to TAA-induced liver injury, and it follows that the absence of Akr1a might modulate TAA bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Takaya Shirato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Akihara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmacological Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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15
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Rosales-Cruz P, Domínguez-Pérez M, Reyes-Zárate E, Bello-Monroy O, Enríquez-Cortina C, Miranda-Labra R, Bucio L, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Rojas-Del Castillo E, Gutiérrez-Ruíz MC, Souza-Arroyo V. Cadmium exposure exacerbates hyperlipidemia in cholesterol-overloaded hepatocytes via autophagy dysregulation. Toxicology 2018; 398-399:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Dihydroartemisinin inhibits ER stress-mediated mitochondrial pathway to attenuate hepatocyte lipoapoptosis via blocking the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:975-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Akihara R, Homma T, Lee J, Yamada KI, Miyata S, Fujii J. Ablation of aldehyde reductase aggravates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury involving oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:765-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Shirato T, Homma T, Lee J, Kurahashi T, Fujii J. Oxidative stress caused by a SOD1 deficiency ameliorates thioacetamide-triggered cell death via CYP2E1 inhibition but stimulates liver steatosis. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1319-1333. [PMID: 27349771 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the responses of mice that are defective in the superoxide-scavenging enzyme SOD1 to thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity. When a lethal dose of TAA (500 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected, the wild-type (WT) mice all died within 36 h, but all of the SOD1-knockout (KO) mice survived. Treatment with an SOD1 inhibitor rendered the WT mice resistant to TAA toxicity. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for this, we examined the acute effects of a sublethal dose of TAA (200 mg/kg) on the livers of WT and KO mice. The extent of TAA-induced liver damage was less in the KO mice, but, instead, lipogenesis was further advanced in the SOD1-KO livers. The levels of proteins modified with acetyllysine, a marker for TAA-mediated injury, were lower in the KO mice than the WT mice upon the TAA treatment. The KO mice, which were under oxidative stress per se, exhibited a lower CYP2E1 activity, and this appeared to result in a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during TAA metabolism. Both cleaved ATF6, a transcriptional regulator that is activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and CHOP, a death signal mediator, were highly elevated in the WT mice as the result of the TAA treatment and consistent with the liver damage. We conclude that elevated TAA metabolites and reactive oxygen species that are produced by CYP-mediated drug metabolism trigger lipogenesis as well as liver damage via ER stress and determine the fate of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Shirato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
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