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Virendra SA, Sahu C, Kumar A, Chawla PA. Natural Antioxidants as Additional Weapons in the Fight against Malarial Parasite. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2045-2067. [PMID: 35524663 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220504172655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All currently available antimalarial drugs are developed from natural product lineages that may be traced back to herbal medicines, including quinine, lapachol, and artemisinin. Natural products that primarily target free radicals or reactive oxygen species, play an important role in treating malaria. OBJECTIVES This review analyses the role of antioxidative therapy in treating malaria by scavenging or countering free radicals and reviews the importance of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in oxidative therapy of malaria treatment. METHODS The search for natural antioxidants was conducted using the following databases: ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Bentham Science with the keywords malaria, reactive oxygen species, natural antioxidants, and antiplasmodial. CONCLUSION This study reviewed various literature sources related to natural products employed in antimalarial therapy directly or indirectly by countering/scavenging reactive oxygen species published between 2016 till date. The literature survey made it possible to summarize the natural products used in treating malaria, emphasizing botanical extracts as a single component and in association with other botanical extracts. Natural antioxidants like polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, have a broad range of biological effects against malaria. This review is pivoted around natural antioxidants obtained from food and medicinal plants and explores their application in restraining reactive oxygen species (ROS). We anticipate this article will provide information for future research on the role of antioxidant therapy in malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Arvind Virendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Chandrakant Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Abrol Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Ibezim A, Ofokansi MN, Ndukwe X, Chiama CS, Obi BC, Isiogugu ON, Ikechukwu PE, Onwuka AM, Ihim SA, Asegbeloyin JN, Nwodo NJ. Evaluation of anti-malarial potency of new pyrazole-hydrazine coupled to Schiff base derivatives. Malar J 2022; 21:243. [PMID: 35996135 PMCID: PMC9396901 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The search for pharmacologically effective agents among molecules bearing multiple functionalities is commonly practiced. In continuation of the search for new anti-malarial agents, new pyrazole-hydrazine coupled Schiff-base derivatives previously synthesized were screened for anti-malarial property. Methods Here, in vivo prophylactic and curative activities of the compounds were assessed while their binding affinity for falcipain-2, a crucial enzyme in Plasmodium survival, was done using computational techniques. Results The two derivatives (BepINH and BepBeH) respectively led to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in parasitaemia count (0.76 ± 1.11 and 0.79 ± 1.19) at day 3 post-treatment relative to the negative control (16.37 ± 1.25). For the prophylactic study, it was observed that the highest parasitaemia suppression level of 95.35% and 95.17% for BepINH and BepBeH at 15 mg/kg was slightly comparable to that obtained for ACT-Lonart (99.38%). In addition, their haematological profiles indicate that they are potentially beneficial in suppressing haemolytic damage to RBC, thereby protecting the body against infection-induced anaemia. Docking calculations on the derivatives toward the Plasmodium falciparum falcipain-2 revealed that they favourably interacted with a binding affinity higher than that of a known cocrystallized inhibitor. Conclusion This study confirms the relevance of multi-functional molecules in the search for new and effective anti-plasmodial agent and lay the foundation for further development of these compound series to potent anti-plasmodial agent that interacts with falcipain-2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04266-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu Ibezim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Martha N Ofokansi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Xavier Ndukwe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chidera S Chiama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Bonaventure C Obi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu N Isiogugu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Peter E Ikechukwu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Akachukwu M Onwuka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Stella A Ihim
- Department of Science Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Jonnie N Asegbeloyin
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi J Nwodo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Oral Administration of Piperine as Curative and Prophylaxis Reduces Parasitaemia in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-Infected Mice. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5721449. [PMID: 35360190 PMCID: PMC8964209 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5721449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a public health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. Consequently, the discovery of novel agents, including substances from medicinal plants, is urgently needed. Piper nigrum has long been used by the community in the treatment of the symptoms of malaria. In a previous study, Piper nigrum was demonstrated to exhibit promising antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and INDO strains. The aim of this study was to further investigate the antimalarial activity (curative and prophylactic) of piperine (a major isolated constituent of Piper nigrum) in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice. Piperine 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight (bw), artesunate 5 mg/kg bw, and DMSO were administered orally for four days to different groups of Swiss Webster mice. Then, mice were monitored for parasitaemia, body weight, rectal temperature, survival rate, and clinical parameters. Piperine 40 mg/kg bw in curative and prophylactic tests had the maximum parasitaemia chemosuppression of 79.21% and 58.8% (p < 0.05), respectively, with a significant effect on the survival rate compared with control animals. In the curative test, piperine 40 mg/kg bw reduced the mean clinical score compared with the control group. Additionally, piperine showed an ability to protect organs (lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys) from some damage in a dose-dependent manner. This study can be used as a basis for further discovery of novel chemotherapeutic or chemoprophylactic compounds.
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Abstract
Leafy vegetables promote reparation of energy loss due to oxidative stress, and they have the potential to alleviate hunger and malnutrition as well as other forms of metabolic imbalance ravaging the world. However, these vegetables are underutilized, despite the fact that they harbor essential minerals needed for critical cellular activities. As amaranth is one of the earliest vegetables reputed for its high nutraceutical and therapeutic value, in this study, we explored research on the Amaranthus species, and identified areas with knowledge gaps, to harness the various biological and economic potentials of the species. Relevant published documents on the plant were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded accessed through the Web of Science from 2011 to 2020; while RStudio and VOSviewer were used for data analysis and visualization, respectively. Publications over the past decade (dominated by researchers from the USA, India, and China, with a collaboration index of 3.22) showed that Amaranthus research experienced steady growth. Findings from the study revealed the importance of the research and knowledge gaps in the underutilization of the vegetable. This could be helpful in identifying prominent researchers who can be supported by government funds, to address the malnutrition problem in developing countries throughout the world.
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Abdulkareem AO, Babamale OA, Aishat LA, Ajayi OC, Gloria SK, Olatunji LA, Ugbomoiko US. Effect of sodium acetate on serum activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:121-127. [PMID: 33746396 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a global health problem with severe morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Resistance of Plasmodium spp to the current anti-malaria drugs necessitates further search for novel effective drugs. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of sodium acetate on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Thirty male Albino mice were randomly distributed into 6 groups, A-F. Animals in Groups B-F were inoculated with P. berghei, intraperitoneally. Subsequently, Group C mice were treated with 20 mg/kg chloroquine, while groups D, E and F received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg sodium acetate, respectively. All treatments were administered orally for 4 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for the analyses of serum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), uric acid and lipid profile. Our results showed that Sodium acetate (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) parasitaemia (67.11% and 77.62%, respectively) than chloroquine (61.73%). Besides, body weight and serum G6PD activity in P. berghei infection were improved. Similarly, sodium acetate reduced elevated serum uric acid. Effects of sodium acetate and chloroquine on biochemical parameters were comparable (p > 0.05) but atherogenic lipid ratios were not affected by sodium acetate. These data put together suggested that activity of sodium acetate may be harnessed for development of novel anti-malaria drugs. However, more studies are required to delineate its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Abdulkareem
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Research Team, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O A Babamale
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - L A Aishat
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O C Ajayi
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - S K Gloria
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - L A Olatunji
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Research Team, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - U S Ugbomoiko
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Widyawaruyanti A, Ilmi H, Tumewu L, Prasetyo B, Hafid AF. A tablet derived from Andrographis paniculata complements dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment of malaria in pregnant mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:175-183. [PMID: 33580999 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of standard antimalarial drugs, such as dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) for the treatment of malaria during pregnancy is limited due to the risk of teratogenicity. The alternative is therefore required although few exist. Here we show a phytopharmaceutical drug derived from Andrographis paniculata (AS201-01), which is effective as herbal antimalarial both in vitro and in vivo and may be a suitable alternative when used in complementary treatment with DHP. METHODS Plasmodium berghei infected pregnant BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: G1 (negative control), G2 (AS201-01), G3 (DHP), and G4 (combination of DHP and AS201-01). Pheripheral blood was collected during therapy for counting parasitemia. Placental samples were analyzed for the expression of IFN-γ, TNF- α, IL-10, placental parasite counts and foetal morphology. RESULTS Groups G4 and G3 both showed a 100% inhibition of peripheral parasitemia. However, the treatment in G4 was found to be less effective than that in G2 and G3 in preventing placental parasitemia. The G4 treatment was able to reduce the expression of IFN-γ and IL-10, whereas TNF-α was not significantly different from the control group. Foetal morphologic abnormalities were observed in all groups except G2; G4 showed lower percentage of abnormalities compared to G3 and G1. CONCLUSIONS A combination of A. paniculata tablet (AS201-01) with DHP has the potential to reduce the toxicity of DHP in malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hilkatul Ilmi
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Tumewu
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Budi Prasetyo
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Fuad Hafid
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Composition of the Essential Oil and Insecticidal Activity of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey Growing in Nigeria. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070914. [PMID: 32664478 PMCID: PMC7404404 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) is a pest of stored grain products such as rice, wheat, and corn. Essential oils represent a green environmentally-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides for controlling stored-product insect pests. Launaea taraxacifolia is a leafy vegetable plant found in several parts of Nigeria. The leaves are eaten either fresh as a salad or cooked as a sauce. The essential oil obtained from fresh leaves of L. taraxacifolia was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-nine compounds were identified, accounting for 100% of the oil composition. The major component classes were monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.1%), followed by oxygenated monoterpenoids (16.2%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (2.1%), oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (0.3%), and non-terpenoid derivatives (3.3%). The leaf essential oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons including limonene (48.8%), sabinene (18.8%), and (E)-β-ocimene (4.6%), along with the monoterpenoid aldehyde citronellal (11.0%). The contact insecticidal activity of L. taraxacifolia essential oil against Sitophilus oryzae was carried out; median lethal concentration (LC50) values of topical exposure of L. taraxacifolia essential oil were assessed over a 120-h period. The LC50 values ranged from 54.38 μL/mL (24 h) to 10.10 µL/mL (120 h). The insecticidal activity of the L. taraxacifolia essential oil can be attributed to major components limonene (48.8%), sabinene (18.8%), and citronellal (11.0%), as well as potential synergistic action of the essential oil components. This result showed L. taraxacifolia essential oil may be considered as a useful alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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Panda S, Rout JR, Pati P, Ranjit M, Sahoo SL. Antimalarial activity of Artemisia nilagirica against Plasmodium falciparum. J Parasit Dis 2017; 42:22-27. [PMID: 29491554 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most prevalent vector borne infectious disease and a serious global health problem in the world. Treatment for malaria is commonly inadequate due to the lack of quality assured limited number of effective drugs, underline how important it is to discover new antimalarial plants from number of natural sources. In the present study, the efficacy of antimalarial activity was studied by taking six various (n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether, ethanol, methanol and aqueous) organic leaf extracts of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. against malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Promising antiplasmodial activity was found in all tested extracts; however, maximum 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were noticed after 32 h of incubation, which is 5.76 ± 0.82, 7.09 ± 1.09, 9.88 ± 1.13, 10.24 ± 1.52, 11.37 ± 1.77 and 50.15 ± 6.16 µg/ml in methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. In conclusion, A. nilagirica leaf extract possesses antiplasmodial activity which may be used as a potent plant-based antimalarial drug in the future by investigating the hidden phytochemical/(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagorika Panda
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
| | - Jyoti Ranjan Rout
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, 67/68, IID Centre, Bidya Vihar, Barunei Hills, Khurda, Odisha 752057 India
| | - Pallabi Pati
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Santi Lata Sahoo
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
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