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Lu Y, Wu Q, Wang L, Ji L. Serological evaluation of recombinant protein antigen Tp0608 for the diagnosis of syphilis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116299. [PMID: 38642546 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the serological diagnosis value of recombinant protein antigen Tp0608 for syphilis. METHOD 406 patients with various stages of syphilis were enrolled. A recombinant protein antigen Tp0608 was established and ELISA was used to detect patients with various stages of syphilis. The results were compared with the conventional rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA). The sensitivity of Tp0608 recombinant protein and RPR+TPPA screening was 96.6 % and 93.1 % respectively for patients with various stages of syphilis. For patients who may have cross reactivity, the specificity of Tp0608 recombinant protein screening is 98.9 %, and the AUC of the ROC curve is 0.99; The specificity of RPR+TPPA screening was 97.3 %, and the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.96. The sensitivity and specificity of Tp0608 recombinant protein in syphilis screening are higher than conventional RPR+TPPA methods, especially in congenital syphilis and primary syphilis. CONCLUSION The Tp0608 recombinant protein is a promising diagnostic antigen for syphilis screening, but its intracellular location and protective response have not been determined, and further verification is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.; Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jing'an District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jing'an District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingting Ji
- Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jing'an District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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2
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Datta SS, Nagappan R, Biswas D, Basu D, Gupta K, Mondal PK, Tuzikov A, Bovin NV, Henry SM. A novel syphilis Treponema pallidum lipoprotein peptide antigen diagnostic assay using red cell kodecytes in routine blood centre column agglutination testing platforms. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38946160 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The detection of treponemal antibodies, which are used to make a diagnosis of syphilis, is important both for diagnostic purposes and as a mandatory blood donor test in most countries. We evaluated the feasibility of using Kode Technology to make syphilis peptide red cell kodecytes for use in column agglutination serologic platforms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Candidate Kode Technology function-spacer-lipid (FSL) constructs were made for the Treponema pallidum lipoprotein (TmpA) of T. pallidum, using the peptide and FSL selection algorithms, and then used to make kodecytes. Developmental kodecytes were evaluated against a large range of syphilis antibody reactive and non-reactive samples in column agglutination platforms and compared against established methodologies. Overall, 150 reactive and 2072 non-reactive Syphicheck assay (a modified T. pallidum particle agglutination) blood donor samples were used to evaluate the agreement rate of the developed kodecyte assay. RESULTS From three FSL-peptide candidate constructs, one was found to be the most suitable for diagnostics. Of 150 Syphicheck assay reactive samples, 146 were TmpA-kodecyte reactive (97.3% agreement), compared with 58.0% with the rapid plasmin reagin (RPR) assay for the same samples. Against the 2072 expected syphilis non-reactive samples the agreement rate for TmpA-kodecytes was 98.8%. CONCLUSION TmpA-kodecytes are viable for use as cost-effective serologic reagent red cells for the detection of treponemal antibodies to diagnose syphilis with a high level of specificity in blood centres. This kodecyte methodology also potentially allows for introduction of the reverse-algorithm testing into low-volume laboratories, by utilizing existing transfusion laboratory infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radhika Nagappan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Kode Technology Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Durba Biswas
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaushik Gupta
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | - Stephen M Henry
- Kode Technology Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Kode Biotech Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Silva ÂAO, Lima AA, Vasconcelos LCM, Almeida RA, Freitas NEM, Oliva TA, de Carvalho Ribeiro da Silva MF, Marchini FK, Zanchin NIT, de Siqueira IC, Santos FLN. Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of TpN17 and TmpA recombinant proteins in syphilis detection: a phase II study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348437. [PMID: 38476951 PMCID: PMC10929016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the spiral bacterium Treponema pallidum. Diagnosis is based on epidemiology, clinical and serology, but serodiagnosis is challenging because distinct clinical forms of the infection may influence serological performance. Several recombinant Treponema pallidum-proteins have already been tested for syphilis diagnosis and they are critical to achieve high accuracy in serological testing. A total of 647 samples were included in the study: 180 T. pallidum-positive samples, 191 T. pallidum-negative samples and 276 sera from individuals infected with unrelated diseases. The diagnostic potential was validated by analysis of ROC curves. For the indirect ELISA, TpN17 (100%) and TmpA (99%) showed excellent AUC values. Sensitivity values were 97.2% for TpN17 and 90.6% for TmpA, while specificity was 100% for both molecules. According to the clinical phase, TmpA ranged from 84% to 97%, with the highest value for secondary syphilis. TpN17 was 100% sensitive for the primary and secondary stages and 93.2% for recent latent syphilis. All clinical phases achieved 100% specificity. Accuracy values showed that TmpA (> 95%) and TpN17 (> 98%) presented high diagnostic accuracy for all clinical stages of syphilis. Cross-reactivity was only observed in one sample positive for Chagas disease (1.5%), when TpN17 was evaluated. On the other hand, TmpA showed reactivity for two samples positive for Chagas disease (3.1%), one sample positive for HBV (1.25%), two samples positive for HIV (9.5%) and one sample positive for HTLV (1.6%). The TmpA antigen's performance was evaluated in multiple studies for syphilis diagnosis, corroborating our findings. However, TpN17 sensitivity values have ranged in other studies. According to clinical stages of the infection, our findings obtained close performance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Foundation Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Salvador University (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ayla Araújo Lima
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Foundation Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Andrade Almeida
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Foundation Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Natália Erdens Maron Freitas
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Foundation Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Molecular Biology Institute of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin
- Structural Biology and Protein Engineering Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora Cristina de Siqueira
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Investigation in Global Health and Neglected Diseases, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Foundation Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Li QL, Li W, Zheng XQ, Ye WM, Xu QY, Ke WJ, Yang TC. Screening the B- and T-cell epitope map of TP0136 and exploring their effect in a Treponema pallidum rabbit model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115628. [PMID: 37804809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic immune response, including B- and T-cell reactions, plays a corresponding role in syphilis infections. The TP0136 protein is a target of the immune response in infected hosts and may mediate the immune response. Here, we developed a method that combining reverse vaccine approach with Pepscan/T-cell proliferation to screen and identify three B-cell and two T-cell epitopes of TP0136, and explore the role of the B- and T-cell epitopes in immunized-infected animals. The results showed that immunized with B-cell epitopes not only had no protective effect but also aggravated the syphilitic lesion development. While immunized with T-cell epitopes of TP0136 could induce a strong Th1-cellular immunity response, which could attenuate syphilitic lesion development to a certain extent. The variation in exacerbation or attenuation of skin lesions, induced by distinct B- and T-cell epitopes of Tp0136, within the host's defense against syphilis warrants in-depth exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ling Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ming Ye
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wu-Jian Ke
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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5
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Ávila-Nieto C, Pedreño-López N, Mitjà O, Clotet B, Blanco J, Carrillo J. Syphilis vaccine: challenges, controversies and opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126170. [PMID: 37090699 PMCID: PMC10118025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is a sexually or vertically (mother to fetus) transmitted disease caused by the infection of Treponema pallidum subspecie pallidum (TPA). The incidence of syphilis has increased over the past years despite the fact that this bacterium is an obligate human pathogen, the infection route is well known, and the disease can be successfully treated with penicillin. As complementary measures to preventive campaigns and early treatment of infected individuals, development of a syphilis vaccine may be crucial for controlling disease spread and/or severity, particularly in countries where the effectiveness of the aforementioned measures is limited. In the last century, several vaccine prototypes have been tested in preclinical studies, mainly in rabbits. While none of them provided protection against infection, some prototypes prevented bacteria from disseminating to distal organs, attenuated lesion development, and accelerated their healing. In spite of these promising results, there is still some controversy regarding the identification of vaccine candidates and the characteristics of a syphilis-protective immune response. In this review, we describe what is known about TPA immune response, and the main mechanisms used by this pathogen to evade it. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of integrating this knowledge, in conjunction with the characterization of outer membrane proteins (OMPs), to expedite the development of a syphilis vaccine that can protect against TPA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ávila-Nieto
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Mitjà
- Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Fight Infections Foundation, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic – UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Fight Infections Foundation, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic – UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salut Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic – UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salut Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salut Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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6
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de Sá Queiroz JHF, dos Santos Barbosa M, Miranda LGO, de Oliveira NR, Dellagostin OA, Marchioro SB, Simionatto S. Tp0684, Tp0750, and Tp0792 Recombinant Proteins as Antigens for the Serodiagnosis of Syphilis. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:419-427. [PMID: 35974924 PMCID: PMC9375814 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of syphilis has increased alarmingly over the years. Its diagnosis continues to be a challenge, leading to the search for new alternative and effective methods. The objective of this study was to select and evaluate three Treponema pallidum recombinant proteins for potential use in syphilis serodiagnosis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed with three T. pallidum antigens (Tp0684, Tp0750, and Tp0792) to assess their physical, antigenic, and structural characteristics. The antigens were chemically synthesized, recombinant plasmids were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 Star™ (DE3), and the recombinant proteins were purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The antigenicity of the recombinant proteins was evaluated by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the sera from patients with primary and latent syphilis. In silico analysis indicated the antigenic potential once the exposed B cell epitopes were detected in the evaluated proteins. Sera from patients with primary and latent syphilis specifically recognized rTp0684, rTp0750, and rTp0792 recombinant antigens. Moreover, the rTp0684-ELISA receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.99, indicating high diagnostic efficacy with 97.62% specificity and 95% sensitivity. In conclusion, rTp0684 showed better potential as an antigen for the development of syphilis serodiagnosis. Thus, bioinformatic analysis can be an important tool to guide the selection of antigens for serological diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01017-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Henrique Ferreira de Sá Queiroz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS 79804970 Brazil
| | - Marcelo dos Santos Barbosa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS 79804970 Brazil
| | - Lais Gonçalves Ortolani Miranda
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS 79804970 Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS 79804970 Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS 79804970 Brazil
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7
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Chen D, Wang S, He Y, Fu Y, Zhao F, Zhou X, Yin H, Wan J, Huang Y, Wu Y, Cao L, Zeng T. Assessment of recombinant antigens Tp0100 and Tp1016 of Treponema pallidum for serological diagnosis of syphilis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24635. [PMID: 35908795 PMCID: PMC9459255 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To discover novel serodiagnostic candidates for the serological diagnosis of syphilis. Methods Two recombinant Treponema pallidum proteins Tp0100 and Tp1016 were expressed, purified, and identified by Western Blotting. A total of 600 clinical serum samples were tested with the Tp0100‐based ELISA, the Tp1016‐based ELISA, and the commercial LICA Syphilis TP kit (ChIVD, Beijing, China). The sensitivities were determined by testing 340 samples from individuals with clinically diagnosed primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary syphilis. The specificities were determined by screening 260 samples from healthy controls and individuals with potentially cross‐reactive infections, including leptospirosis, Lyme disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus. Kappa (κ) values were applied to compare the agreement between clinical syphilis diagnosis and the Tp0100‐based ELISA, the Tp1016‐based ELISA, or the LICA Syphilis TP test. Results Using clinical syphilis diagnosis as the gold standard, Tp0100 exhibited an overall sensitivity of 95.6% and specificity of 98.1% for testing IgG antibody while Tp1016 demonstrated only an overall sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 79.6%. In contrast, the LICA Syphilis TP test revealed an overall sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 96.2%. In addition, the overall percent agreement and corresponding κ values were 96.7% (95% CI 95.6%–97.8%) and 0.93 for the Tp0100‐based ELISA, 77.0% (95% CI 74.3%–79.7%) and 0.54 for the Tp1016‐based ELISA, and 97.0% (95% CI 96.0%–98.0%) and 0.94 for the LICA Syphilis TP test, respectively. Conclusion The recombinant T. pallidum protein Tp0100 shows promise as a novel diagnostic antigen in the serological tests for syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Chen
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Siqian Wang
- Clinical laboratory of the First Pepole's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
| | - Yuxing He
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yue Fu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Feijun Zhao
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Haoquan Yin
- Department of Clinical Medical Undergraduates, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Clinical Medical Undergraduates, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- Department of Clinical Medical Undergraduates, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Longgu Cao
- College of Medical Imaging Laboratory and Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Tiebing Zeng
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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8
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Chen J, Huang J, Liu Z, Xie Y. Treponema pallidum outer membrane proteins: current status and prospects. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6649208. [PMID: 35869970 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Treponema pallidum subsp. Pallidum (T. pallidum), the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease syphilis, has long been a hot research topic. Despite many hurdles to studying the pathogen, especially the inability to manipulate T. pallidum in vitro genetically1, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the structure, pathogenesis, and functions of T. pallidum OMPs. In this review, we integrate this information to garner fresh insights into the role of OMPs in the diagnosis, pathogenicity, and vaccine development of T. pallidum. Collectively, the essential scientific discussions herein should provide a framework for understanding the current status and prospects of T. pallidum OMPs.
Decades ago, researchers postulated that the poor surface antigenicity of T. pallidum is the basis for its ability to cause persistent infection. Still, they believed that the mysterious properties of T. pallidum should not be attributed to the presence of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Subsequent studies revealed that the OM, which lacks integral membrane proteins, prevents antibody binding2. Since the advent of recombinant DNA technology, the fragility of the OM, low protein content, and the lack of sequence relatedness between T. pallidum and Gram-negative OMPs have complicated efforts to characterize molecules residing at the host-pathogen interface. These hurdles have been overcome by using the genomic sequence with computational tools to identify proteins predicted to form beta barrels, the hallmark conformation of OMPs in many organisms. Diverse methodologies have also confirmed that some candidate OMPs from amphiphilic β-barrels are surface-exposed in T. pallidum. These studies have led to a structural homology model for BamA and established the bipartite topology of the T. pallidum repeat (Tpr) family of proteins. Recent bioinformatics has identified several structural orthologs for well-characterized Gram-negative OMPs, suggesting that the T. pallidum OMPs are more Gram-negative-like than previously supposed. Lipoprotein adhesins and proteases on the spirochete surface also may contribute to disease pathogenesis and protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
| | - Jielite Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
| | - Zhuoran Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
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9
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Li QL, Xu QY, Gao K, Zhang HL, Liu LL, Lin LR, Niu JJ, Yang TC. Membrane location of cardiolipin antigen in Treponema pallidum: further study on the origin of nontreponemal antibodies. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:873-886. [PMID: 35833787 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study examined the membrane location of cardiolipin antigen in treponemes. Materials & methods: The authors used different methods to disrupt the outer membrane of treponemes, detected the location of the cardiolipin antigen and analyzed the immune response in rabbits immunized with various antigens. Results: All organisms were labeled with nontreponemal antibodies on immunoelectron and fluorescence microscopy, except the citrate buffer-treated group, which is a method leading to relatively complete removal. Except for citrate buffer-treated spirochetes, all treponemes produced low-titer, nontreponemal antibodies in immunized rabbits. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the cardiolipin antigen was localized in the outer membrane of spirochetes. This study provided further evidence of the origin of nontreponemal antibodies during Treponema pallidum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ling Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Jun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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Lu DP, Jia J, Wei SF, Zhang WL, Liang R, Liu T, Yang WZ, Li BY, Zhang R, Wang F. Treponema pallidum (syphilis) antigen TpF1 induces activation of macrophages and accelerates P2X7R-induced NLRP3-dependent release of IL-1β. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:425-432. [PMID: 34649493 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666211015091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum (Tp) infection, which causes local inflammation in the host. TpF1 is an oligomeric protein expressed by the Tp-infected host that can induce the host immune response. There are few studies regarding the role of TpF1 in macrophage activation and the subsequent release of cytokines. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effects of TpF1 on the pathological process of Syphilis. In addition, we explored how purinergic 2X7 (P2X7R) induced NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) -dependent release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We explored the influence of TpF1 on cytokine release by macrophages using qRT-PCR and ELISA. The specific phenotype of activated macrophages was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS TpF1 was able to activate macrophages and induce the M1 macrophage phenotype. Moreover, TpF1 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, which was mediated by P2X7R. CONCLUSIONS The Tp-induced protein TpF1 is able to induce macrophage activation and P2X7R-induced NLRP3-dependent release of IL-1β. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the clinical symptoms and pathogenesis of syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ping Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Shao-Feng Wei
- Shenzhen Bao'an District Chronic Disease Hospital for Prevention and Cure, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Wei-Lian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133 Guangdong. China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics,Huangshi Maternity&Children's Health Hospital Edong Healthcare Group.Huangshi 435000,Hubei. China
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11
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Trovato E, Tognetti L, Campoli M, Cinotti E, Rubegni P. Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment: State of The Art. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/20-00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review summarises the current knowledge in the field of syphilis diagnosis and treatment, along with epidemiologic and historical data. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, using the search terms “syphilis”, “diagnosis”, “dermoscopy”, “management AND treatment”, “laboratory tests AND syphilis”, and “primary OR secondary OR tertiary OR congenital syphilis”. A total of 55 out of 100 papers were included in this review. An overview of the different clinical presentation of primary, secondary, tertiary, and congenital syphilis, with particular attention to dermatologic signs and dermoscopic examination, is provided. The panorama diagnostic procedures are illustrated, along with their accuracy and recommendation. Treatment and management options of patients at different syphilis stages are provided and discussed according to the referring guidelines. The dermatologist can play a key role in providing the early and correct diagnosis and setting up in the proper management of patients with syphilis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Trovato
- Dermatology and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Linda Tognetti
- Dermatology and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Campoli
- Dermatology and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Cinotti
- Dermatology and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Rubegni
- Dermatology and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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12
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Luo X, Lin SW, Xu QY, Ke WJ, Gao ZX, Tong ML, Liu LL, Lin LR, Zhang HL, Yang TC. Tp0136 targets fibronectin (RGD)/Integrin β1 interactions promoting human microvascular endothelial cell migration. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Shpilevaya MV, Runina AV, Filippova MA, Kubanov AA. [Сomparison of immunoarrays for syphilis diagnostics produced by co-polymerization immobilization and non-contact printing techniques.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2020; 65:16-23. [PMID: 32155002 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-1-16-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of immunoarrays (microarrays) produced by co-polymerization immobilization and non-contact printing techniques for enhancing the capacities of syphilis diagnostics. In diagnostic context immunoarrays of both protein immobilization techniques have shown high sensitivity and specificity together with potency to differentiate syphilis stages in serologic assays. The article discloses the advantages and limitations of non-contact printing techniques as well as the results and problems revealed in the study. Solution of these problems in future may provide the development of new serodiagnostic tools with higher accuracy of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Shpilevaya
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, 107076, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Runina
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, 107076, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Filippova
- The V.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kubanov
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, 107076, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Zhou C, Zhang X, Zhang W, Duan J, Zhao F. PCR detection for syphilis diagnosis: Status and prospects. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22890. [PMID: 30938474 PMCID: PMC6595358 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Syphilis, a re‐emerging public health problem worldwide caused by Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum (T. pallidum), usually induces systemic and chronic inflammation in hosts who do not receive timely therapy after exposing to high‐risk factors such as leprous sexual contact. Before the treatment, rapid and accurate detection of syphilis is essential. However, the existing detection methods, which focus on the treponemal or non‐treponemal antibody test, both have inherent limitations. For instance, both of them cannot distinguish the stage and severity of syphilis. Non‐treponemal test such as RPR, which is generally deemed to be used for assessing treatment response, is influenced by biological false positives. Therefore, it is imperative to seek out a new and effective diagnostic test. With recent advancements in molecular biology and whole‐genome sequencing, the molecular diagnosis has increased in popularity, especially the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here, we firstly present a mini‐review on the research of PCR detection methods used for syphilis diagnosis over the past decade, and we then compare these methodologies to assess their potential and the challenges faced. This information can provide a fresh perspective to help researchers address the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Clinical Medical Department undergraduates, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Junxia Duan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Feijun Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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15
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Luo X, Zhang X, Gan L, Zhou C, Zhao T, Zeng T, Liu S, Xiao Y, Yu J, Zhao F. The outer membrane protein Tp92 of Treponema pallidum induces human mononuclear cell death and IL-8 secretion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6039-6054. [PMID: 30596396 PMCID: PMC6237608 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treponema pallidum is the pathogen that causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease; however, the pathogenic mechanism of this organism remains unclear. Tp92 is the only T. pallidum outer membrane protein that has structural features similar to the outer membrane proteins of other Gram-negative bacteria, but the exact functions of this protein remain unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that the recombinant Tp92 protein can induce human mononuclear cell death. Tp92 mediated the human monocytic cell line derived from an acute monicytic leukemia patient (THP-1) cell death by recognizing CD14 and/or TLR2 on cell surfaces. After the stimulation of THP-1 cells by the Tp92 protein, Tp92 may induce atypical pyroptosis of THP-1 cells via the pro-caspase-1 pathway. Meanwhile, this protein caused the apoptosis of THP-1 cells via the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/caspase-8/aspase-3 pathway. Tp92 reduced the number of monocytes among peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, further research showed that Tp92 failed to increase the tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP)-1 levels but slightly elevated the IL-8 levels via the Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB pathway in THP-1 cells. The data suggest that Tp92 recognizes CD14 and TLR2, transfers the signal to a downstream pathway, and activates NF-κB to mediate the production of IL-8. This mechanism may help T. pallidum escape recognition and elimination by the host innate immune system.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Caspase 1/genetics
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/microbiology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/genetics
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Syphilis/genetics
- Syphilis/microbiology
- Syphilis/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics
- Treponema pallidum/genetics
- Treponema pallidum/pathogenicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Lin Gan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Chenglong Zhou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Tie Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Tiebing Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Yongjian Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Jian Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Feijun Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan ProvinceCollaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug ResearchUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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16
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Runina AV, Katunin GL, Filippova MA, Zatevalov AM, Kubanov AA, Deryabin DG. Immunochip for Syphilis Serodiagnostics with the Use of Extended Array of Treponema pallidum Recombinant Antigens. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:767-771. [PMID: 30353336 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An immunochip for multiple parallel detection of specific serum IgG in serological screening for syphilis is based on the use of an extended array of Treponema pallidum recombinant proteins and includes traditionally used immunodominant antigens (Tp15, Tp17, Tp47, and TmpA) and new synthetic proteins (Tp0277, Tp0319, Tp0453, Tp0684, Tp0965, and Tp1038). The use of individual antigens has demonstrated high analytical value of Tp0277 (periplasmatic C-terminal protease), Tp0319 (cytoplasmic membrane-associated lipoprotein TmpC), and external membrane-associated protein Tp0453 with transporting function, all of them improving significantly the efficiency of screening for syphilis in comparison with the traditional array of antigens. Multiparametric analysis of the results obtained on the immunochip with the use of linear discriminant analysis confirmed the efficiency of extended array of T. pallidum diagnostic antigens. Due to proposed modification, the "positive" and "negative" sera are clearly differentiated: the serological study showed 94.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Runina
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - G L Katunin
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Filippova
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Zatevalov
- G. N. Ga-brichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kubanov
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D G Deryabin
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Schuenemann VJ, Kumar Lankapalli A, Barquera R, Nelson EA, Iraíz Hernández D, Acuña Alonzo V, Bos KI, Márquez Morfín L, Herbig A, Krause J. Historic Treponema pallidum genomes from Colonial Mexico retrieved from archaeological remains. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006447. [PMID: 29927932 PMCID: PMC6013024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treponema pallidum infections occur worldwide causing, among other diseases, syphilis and yaws. In particular sexually transmitted syphilis is regarded as a re-emerging infectious disease with millions of new infections annually. Here we present three historic T. pallidum genomes (two from T. pallidum ssp. pallidum and one from T. pallidum ssp. pertenue) that have been reconstructed from skeletons recovered from the Convent of Santa Isabel in Mexico City, operational between the 17th and 19th century. Our analyses indicate that different T. pallidum subspecies caused similar diagnostic presentations that are normally associated with syphilis in infants, and potential evidence of a congenital infection of T. pallidum ssp. pertenue, the causative agent of yaws. This first reconstruction of T. pallidum genomes from archaeological material opens the possibility of studying its evolutionary history at a resolution previously assumed to be out of reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena J. Schuenemann
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Kumar Lankapalli
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth A. Nelson
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Iraíz Hernández
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Acuña Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kirsten I. Bos
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Herbig
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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