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Hussein J, El-Bana MA, El-kHayat Z, El-Naggar ME, Farrag AR, Medhat D. Eicosapentaenoic acid loaded silica nanoemulsion attenuates hepatic inflammation through the enhancement of cell membrane components. Biol Proced Online 2022; 24:11. [PMID: 36071378 PMCID: PMC9454130 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-022-00173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver inflammation is a multistep process that is linked with cell membrane fatty acids composition. The effectiveness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) undergoes an irreversible change during processing due to their unsaturated nature; so the formation of nanocarrier for EPA is crucial for improving EPA’s bioavailability and pharmacological properties. Objective In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of EPA alone or loaded silica nanoemulsion on the management of hepatic inflammation induced by diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) through the enhancement of the cell membrane structure and functions. Methods The new formula of EPA was prepared to modify the properties of EPA. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were classified into: control, EPA, EPA loaded silica nanoemulsion (EPA–NE), DEN induced hepatic inflammation; DEN induced hepatic inflammation treated with EPA or EPA –NE groups. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), liver hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, and liver oxidant and anti-oxidants were estimated. Urinary 8- hydroxyguanozine (8- OHdG) and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids fractions were estimated by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, histopathology studies were done to verify our hypothesis. Results It was appeared that administration of EPA, in particular EPA loaded silica nanoemulsion, ameliorated the inflammatory response, increased the activity of the anti-oxidants, reduced levels of oxidants, and improved cell membrane structure compared to hepatic inflammation induced by DEN group. Histopathological examination confirmed these results. Conclusion EPA and notably EPA loaded silica nanoemulsion strongly recommended as a promising supplement in the management of hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Behouth St.Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mona A El-Bana
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Behouth St.Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Zakaria El-kHayat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Behouth St.Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fabric Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Dalia Medhat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Behouth St.Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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2
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Ahmed M. Functional, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Bile. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2022; 15:105-120. [PMID: 35898963 PMCID: PMC9309561 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s360563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile is a unique body fluid synthesized in our liver. Enterohepatic circulation preserves bile in our body through its efficient synthesis, transport, absorption, and reuptake. Bile is the main excretory route for bile salts, bilirubin, and potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances. The primary way of eliminating cholesterol is bile. Although bile has many organic and inorganic contents, bile acid is the most physiologically active component. Bile acids have a multitude of critical physiologic functions in our body. These include emulsification of dietary fat, absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins, maintaining glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, sustenance of intestinal epithelial integrity and epithelial cell proliferation, reducing inflammation in the intestine, and prevention of enteric infection due to its antimicrobial properties. But bile acids can be harmful in certain altered conditions like cholecystectomy, terminal ileal disease or resection, cholestasis, duodenogastric bile reflux, duodenogastroesophageal bile reflux, and bile acid diarrhea. Bile acids can have malignant potentials as well. There are also important diagnostic and therapeutic roles of bile acid and bile acid modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monjur Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pal LC, Prateeksha, Singh BN, Pande V, Rao CV. Phenolics-Enriched Fraction of Pterospermum Lanceifolium Roxb. efficiently Reverses the Hepatocellular Carcinoma in NDEA-Induced HCC Rats. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1106-1121. [PMID: 34018459 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1922716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer and highly refractory for chemotherapeutics agents. Therefore, the study aims to explore the new therapeutic agents for HCC. Phenolics rich fraction of leaves of P. lanceifolium was studied against hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2) and NDEA-induced HCC rat model system. The obtained results showed that PLE induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and chromatin condensation in nucleus and, alters the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HepG2 cell lines. The acridine orange/propidium iodide analysis and annexin-V FITC/PI analysis confirms that PLE induces apoptosis-mediated cell death in HepG2-cell lines. In In Vivo analysis, the administration of PLE in NDEA-induced rats declined the elevated biochemicals markers (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT), interleukins, TNF-α, α-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and total bilirubin. PLE reinstated the level of antioxidant enzyme (GSH, GST, catalase, SOD, and GPX) and the expression of pro-apoptotic (p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) genes in a dose-dependent manner. The GC-MS analysis of Pterospermum lanceifolium fraction (PLE) represents the presence of palmitic acid, myristic acid, β-sitosterol, and catechin as major bioactive phytocompounds. The study discloses the new lead for HCC that can be further useful for development of new chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lal Chand Pal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Prateeksha
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Brahma Nand Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
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Tang Y, Cao J, Cai Z, An H, Li Y, Peng Y, Chen N, Luo A, Tao H, Li K. Epigallocatechin gallate induces chemopreventive effects on rats with diethylnitrosamine‑induced liver cancer via inhibition of cell division cycle 25A. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3873-3885. [PMID: 33000276 PMCID: PMC7533491 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most active monomer in green tea (GT), has demonstrated potential therapeutic and preventive effects on various tumors, including liver cancer. However, the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG in liver cancer remain to be elucidated. The abnormal expression of cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) has been identified in liver cancer and is closely associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study used human hepatoma cell lines and rats with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC as models to investigate the association between the effect of EGCG on liver cancer and regulation of the p21waf1/Cip1/CDC25A axis. The results demonstrated that EGCG can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh7 cells, reduce the expression of CDC25A and increase the expression of p21waf1/Cip1 in HepG2. In vivo, HCC was induced by DEN in Sprague-Dawley rats. EGCG significantly reduced tumor volume and improved the survival rates of rats with HCC. The expression levels of CDC25A mRNA and protein in liver tissues and the level of serum γ glutamyl transpeptidase in rats treated with EGCG were significantly decreased, while p21waf1/Cip1 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased compared with the HCC group, in the process of DEN-induced HCC. No significant difference in the chemopreventive effects on liver cancer was observed between GT extract and EGCG under an EGCG equivalence condition. Thus, EGCG can suppress human hepatoma cell proliferation and prolong the survival of rats with HCC, and the potential mechanism may be involved in EGCG-induced upregulation of p21waf1/Cip1 and downregulation of CDC25A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Tang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ji Cao
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhengmin Cai
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huihua An
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuqun Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Anqiang Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Tao
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kezhi Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Zhou W, Ma L, Yang J, Qiao H, Li L, Guo Q, Ma J, Zhao L, Wang J, Jiang G, Wan X, Adam Goscinski M, Ding L, Zheng Y, Li W, Liu H, Suo Z, Zhao W. Potent and specific MTH1 inhibitors targeting gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:434. [PMID: 31164636 PMCID: PMC6547740 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human mutT homolog 1(MTH1), the oxidized dNTP pool sanitizer enzyme, has been reported to be highly expressed in various malignant tumors. However, the oncogenic role of MTH1 in gastric cancer remains to be determined. In the current study, we found that MTH1 was overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissues and cells. Using an in vitro MTH1 inhibitor screening system, the compounds available in our laboratory were screened and the small molecules containing 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine structure were firstly found to show potently and specifically inhibitory effect on MTH1, especially compound MI-743 with IC50 = 91.44 ± 1.45 nM. Both molecular docking and target engagement experiments proved that MI-743 can directly bind to MTH1. Moreover, MI-743 could not only inhibit cell proliferation in up to 16 cancer cell lines, especially gastric cancer cells HGC-27 and MGC-803, but also significantly induce MTH1-related 8-oxo-dG accumulation and DNA damage. Furthermore, the growth of xenograft tumours derived by injection of MGC-803 cells in nude mice was also significantly inhibited by MI-743 treatment. Importantly, MTH1 knockdown by siRNA in those two gastric cancer cells exhibited the similar findings. Our findings indicate that MTH1 is highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Small molecule MI-743 with 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine structure may serve as a novel lead compound targeting the overexpressed MTH1 for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Guozhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiangbin Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Lina Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway.
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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6
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Phelan JP, Reen FJ, Caparros-Martin JA, O'Connor R, O'Gara F. Rethinking the bile acid/gut microbiome axis in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115736-115747. [PMID: 29383197 PMCID: PMC5777809 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors, probiotic agents, aging and antibiotics/medicines impact on gut microbiome composition leading to disturbances in localised microbial populations. The impact can be profound and underlies a plethora of human disorders, including the focus of this review; cancer. Compromised microbiome populations can alter bile acid signalling and produce distinct pathophysiological bile acid profiles. These in turn have been associated with cancer development and progression. Exposure to high levels of bile acids, combined with localised molecular/genome instability leads to the acquisition of bile mediated neoplastic alterations, generating apoptotic resistant proliferation phenotypes. However, in recent years, several studies have emerged advocating the therapeutic benefits of bile acid signalling in suppressing molecular and phenotypic hallmarks of cancer progression. These studies suggest that in some instances, bile acids may reduce cancer phenotypic effects, thereby limiting metastatic potential. In this review, we contextualise the current state of the art to propose that the bile acid/gut microbiome axis can influence cancer progression to the extent that classical in vitro cancer hallmarks of malignancy (cell invasion, cell migration, clonogenicity, and cell adhesion) are significantly reduced. We readily acknowledge the existence of a bile acid/gut microbiome axis in cancer initiation, however, in light of recent advances, we focus exclusively on the role of bile acids as potentially beneficial molecules in suppressing cancer progression. Finally, we theorise that suppressing aggressive malignant phenotypes through bile acid/gut microbiome axis modulation could uncover new and innovative disease management strategies for managing cancers in vulnerable cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Phelan
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - F Jerry Reen
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Jose A Caparros-Martin
- Human Microbiome Programme, School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Human Microbiome Programme, School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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