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Wang L, Ma J, Chen C, Lin B, Xie S, Yang W, Qian J, Zhang Y. Isoquercitrin alleviates pirarubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting apoptosis through Phlpp1/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1315001. [PMID: 38562460 PMCID: PMC10982373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1315001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the cardiotoxicity of pirarubicin (THP), it is necessary to investigate new compounds for the treatment of THP-induced cardiotoxicity. Isoquercitrin (IQC) is a natural flavonoid with anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis properties. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of IQC on preventing the THP-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The optimal concentration and time required for IQC to prevent THP-induced cardiomyocyte damage were determined by an MTT assay. The protective effect was further verified in H9c2 and HCM cells using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probes, MitoTracker Red probe, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, JC-1 probe, and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Rats were administered THP to establish cardiotoxicity. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed, and cardiac hemodynamics, myocardial enzymes, oxidative stress indicators, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were studied. Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1), and cyclophilin D (CYPD) were detected by qRT-PCR, and the Phlpp1/AKT/Bcl-2 axis proteins were detected by western blot, confirming that IQC markedly increased cell viability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, diminished the levels of ROS and MDA, and elevated mitochondrial function and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Results: Results showed that IQC reduced THP-induced myocardial histopathological injury, electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, and cardiac dysfunction in vivo. IQC also decreased serum levels of MDA, BNP, CK-MB, c-TnT, and LDH, while increasing levels of SOD and GSH. We also found that IQC significantly reduced VDAC1, ANT1, and CYPD mRNA expression. In addition, IQC controlled apoptosis by modulating Phlpp1/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathways. IQC markedly increased H9c2 and HCM cell viability and SOD levels, diminished the levels of ROS and MDA, and elevated mitochondrial function in H9c2 and HCM cells to defend against THP-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. The AKT inhibitor IMQ demonstrated that IQC lacked antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Moreover, our data showed that IQC regulates Phlpp1 expression, thereby influencing the expression levels of p-AKT, cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax. Discussion: In conclusion, our results indicate that IQC protects the changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability in cardiomyocytes by regulating the Phlpp1/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, inhibits the release of cytc from the mitochondrial inner membrane to the cytoplasm, forms apoptotic bodies, induces cell apoptosis, and reduces THP induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiulong Ma
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Pharmacy and Individualized Therapy of Huzhou, Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Sicong Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Qian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Pharmacy and Individualized Therapy of Huzhou, Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, China
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Shi H, Duan L, Tong L, Pu P, Wei L, Wang L, Hu D, Tang H. Research Progress on Flavonoids in Traditional Chinese Medicine to Counteract Cardiotoxicity Associated with Anti-Tumor Drugs. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 39076949 PMCID: PMC11263839 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2503074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of anti-tumor drugs has notably enhanced the survival rates and quality of life for patients with malignant tumors. However, the side effects of these drugs, especially cardiotoxicity, significantly limit their clinical application. The cardiotoxicity associated with anti-tumor drugs has been a subject of extensive attention and research. Traditional to mitigate these side effects have included reducing drug dosages, shortening treatment duration, modifying administration methods, and opting for drugs with lower toxicity. However, either approach may potentially compromise the anti-tumor efficacy of the medications. Therefore, exploring other effective methods for anti-cardiotoxicity will be the focus of future research. The potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in managing cardiovascular diseases and cancer treatment has gained widespread recognition. TCM is valued for its minimal side effects, affordability, and accessibility, offering promising avenues in the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity caused by anti-tumor drugs. Among its constituents, flavonoids, which are present in many TCMs, are particularly notable. These monomeric compounds with distinct structural components have been shown to possess both cardiovascular protective properties and anti-tumor capabilities. In this discussion, we will delve into the classification of anti-tumor drugs and explore the underlying mechanisms of their associated cardiotoxicity. Additionally, we will examine flavonoids found in TCM and investigate their mechanisms of cardiovascular protection. This will include an analysis of how these natural compounds can mitigate the cardiac side effects of anti-tumor therapies while potentially enhancing overall patient health and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430064 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Pu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
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Zhang S, Xu X, Li Z, Yi T, Ma J, Zhang Y, Li Y. Analysis and Validation of Differentially Expressed Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Regorafenib-Induced Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2513263. [PMID: 36204517 PMCID: PMC9530921 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2513263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) constitute a type of anticancer drugs, the underlying mechanisms of TKI-associated cardiotoxicity remain largely unknown. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death form that implicated in several tumors' biological processes. Our objective was to probe into the differential expression of ferroptosis-related genes in regorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity through multiple bioinformatics analysis and validation. Methods and Materials Four adult human cardiomyocyte cell lines treated with regorafenib were profiled using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE146096). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using DESeq2 in R (V.3.6.3). Then, Gene Ontology (GO) Enrichment Analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Enrichment Analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to explore DEGs' bioinformatics functions and enriched pathways. We intersected DEGs with 259 ferroptosis-related genes from the FerrDb database. Finally, the mRNA levels of differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) were validated in regorafenib-cultured cardiomyocytes to anticipate the link between DEFRGs and cardiotoxicity. Results 747,1127,773 and 969 DEGs were screened out in adult human cardiomyocyte lines A, B, D, and E, respectively. The mechanism by which REG promotes cardiotoxicity associated with ferroptosis may be regulated by PI3K-Akt, TGF-beta, and MAPK. GSEA demonstrated that REG can promote cardiotoxicity by suppressing genes and pathways encoding extracellular matrix and related proteins, oxidative phosphorylation, or ATF-2 transcription factor network. After overlapping DEGs with ferroptosis-related genes, we got seven DEFRGs and found that ATF3, MT1G, and PLIN2 were upregulated and DDIT4 was downregulated. The ROC curve demonstrated that these genes predict regorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity well. Conclusion We identified four DEFRGs which may become potential predictors and participate in the regorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity. Our findings provide possibility that targeting these ferroptosis-related genes may be an alternative for clinical prevention and therapy of regorafenib-related cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhangyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Life Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada 91761
| | - Tian Yi
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Yilan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
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Rahmani S, Naraki K, Roohbakhsh A, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The protective effects of rutin on the liver, kidneys, and heart by counteracting organ toxicity caused by synthetic and natural compounds. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:39-56. [PMID: 36655104 PMCID: PMC9834893 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rutin is a flavonoid present in many plant species. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, rutin is of interest for its potential protective effects against toxic agents. The hepatoprotective, renoprotective, and cardioprotective effects of rutin are reviewed. The antioxidant effects of rutin are elicited by enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as GST, GGT, CAT, GPx, SOD, and GR, activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, elevating GSH content, and the reduction in MDA. The anti-inflammatory effects of rutin are mediated by the inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, COX-2, iNOS, TLR4, and XO. Rutin exerted its antiapoptotic effects by inhibition of free radicals, caspase-3/-7/-9, hsp70, HMGB1, and p53, and the elevation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Rutin has potential therapeutic effectiveness against several toxicants, and its beneficial effects are more than likely mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiapoptotic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Rahmani
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Karim Naraki
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public HealthUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Syahputra RA, Harahap U, Dalimunthe A, Nasution MP, Satria D. The Role of Flavonoids as a Cardioprotective Strategy against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041320. [PMID: 35209107 PMCID: PMC8878416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a widely used and promising anticancer drug; however, a severe dose-dependent cardiotoxicity hampers its therapeutic value. Doxorubicin may cause acute and chronic issues, depending on the duration of toxicity. In clinical practice, the accumulative toxic dose is up to 400 mg/m2 and increasing the dose will increase the probability of cardiac toxicity. Several molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity have been proposed, including oxidative stress, topoisomerase beta II inhibition, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation, intracellular iron accumulation, ensuing cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), autophagy, and myofibrillar disarray and loss. Natural products including flavonoids have been widely studied both in cell, animal, and human models which proves that flavonoids alleviate cardiac toxicity caused by doxorubicin. This review comprehensively summarizes cardioprotective activity flavonoids including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, apigenin, naringenin, and hesperidin against doxorubicin, both in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (R.A.S.); (U.H.)
| | - Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (R.A.S.); (U.H.)
| | - Aminah Dalimunthe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - M. Pandapotan Nasution
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Denny Satria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.P.N.); (D.S.)
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Shi H, Tang H, Ai W, Zeng Q, Yang H, Zhu F, Wei Y, Feng R, Wen L, Pu P, He Q. Schisandrin B Antagonizes Cardiotoxicity Induced by Pirarubicin by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP) Opening and Decreasing Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733805. [PMID: 34721023 PMCID: PMC8554014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pirarubicin (THP), one of the anthracycline anticancer drugs, is widely used in the treatment of various cancers, but its cardiotoxicity cannot be ignored. Schisandrin B (SchB) has the ability to upregulate cellular antioxidant defense mechanism and promote mitochondrial function and antioxidant status. However, it has not been reported whether it can resist THP-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SchB on THP cardiotoxicity and its mechanism. Methods: The rat model of cardiotoxicity induced by THP was established, and SchB treatment was performed at the same time. The changes of ECG, cardiac coefficient, and echocardiogram were observed. The changes of myocardial tissue morphology were observed by H&E staining. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. The levels of LDH, BNP, CK-MB, cTnT, SOD, and MDA in serum were measured to observe the heart damage and oxidative stress state of rats. The expression of cleaved-caspase 9, pro/cleaved-caspase 3, Bcl-2/Bax, and cytosol and mitochondrial Cyt C and Bax was evaluated by western blot. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cocultured with THP, SchB, and mPTP inhibitor CsA to detect the production of ROS and verify the above signaling pathways. The opening of mPTP and mitochondrial swelling were detected by mPTP kit and purified mitochondrial swelling kit. Results: After 8 weeks, a series of cardiotoxicity manifestations were observed in THP rats. These adverse effects can be effectively alleviated by SchB treatment. Further studies showed that SchB had strong antioxidant and antiapoptotic abilities in THP cardiotoxicity. Conclusion: SchB has an obvious protective effect on THP-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanism may be closely related to the protection of mitochondrial function, inhibition of mPTP opening, and alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Ai
- Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingfu Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjie Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Pu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang J, Wang R, Li J, Yao Z. Rutin alleviates cardiomyocyte injury induced by high glucose through inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:944. [PMID: 34306208 PMCID: PMC8281503 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes, in which endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) serves an important role. Rutin can treat the myocardial dysfunction of diabetic rats. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies on the effects of Rutin on myocardial injury caused by diabetes from the perspective of ERS have not previously been reported. In the present study, the role of rutin in the regulation of ERS in myocardial injury was assessed. Different high glucose concentrations were used to treat H9C2 myoblast cells to establish a myocardial damage model. A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to determine cell viability. A lactate dehydrogenase kit was used to detect cytotoxicity. Apoptosis levels were determined using a TUNEL assay. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and ERS-related proteins, including heat shock protein A family member 5, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, X-box binding protein 1, activating transcription factor 6, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved caspase-12 and caspase-12. The anti-apoptotic and anti-ERS effects of Rutin on H9C2 cardiac cells induced by high glucose were examined after the administration of the ERS activator thapsigargin (TG). The results indicated that rutin could dose-dependently inhibit the level of apoptosis and ERS induced by high glucose in H9C2 cells. After administration of the ERS activator TG, it was demonstrated that TG could reverse the anti-apoptotic and anti-ERS effects of rutin on H9C2 cells stimulated with high glucose. Collectively, the present results suggested that rutin may alleviate cardiomyocyte model cell injury induced by high glucose through the inhibition of apoptosis and ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Zhuhua Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
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Siti HN, Jalil J, Asmadi AY, Kamisah Y. Rutin Modulates MAPK Pathway Differently from Quercetin in Angiotensin II-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105063. [PMID: 34064664 PMCID: PMC8151787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin is a flavonoid with antioxidant property. It has been shown to exert cardioprotection against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, studies regarding its antihypertrophic property are still lacking, whether it demonstrates similar antihypertrophic effect to its metabolite, quercetin. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of both flavonoids on oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes that were exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce hypertrophy. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to Ang II (600 nM) with or without quercetin (331 μM) or rutin (50 μM) for 24 h. A group given vehicle served as the control. The concentration of the flavonoids was chosen based on the reported effective concentration to reduce cell hypertrophy or cardiac injury in H9c2 cells. Exposure to Ang II increased cell surface area, intracellular superoxide anion level, NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities, and reduced cellular superoxide dismutase activity and nitrite level, which were similarly reversed by both rutin and quercetin. Rutin had no significant effects on phosphorylated proteins of extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2) and p38 but downregulated phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1/2), which were induced by Ang II. Quercetin, on the other hand, had significantly downregulated the phosphorylated proteins of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2. The quercetin inhibitory effect on JNK1/2 was stronger than the rutin. In conclusion, both flavonoids afford similar protective effects against Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but they differently modulate MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Nordin Siti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Yusof Asmadi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-9575
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Study on Network Pharmacological Analysis and Preliminary Validation to Understand the Mechanisms of Plantaginis Semen in Treatment of Gouty Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8861110. [PMID: 33312224 PMCID: PMC7719544 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plantaginis Semen (PS) has been used to promote diuresis and clear away dampness. Recent reports have shown that PS can be used to treat gouty nephropathy (GN). However, the action and mechanism of PS have not been well defined in treating GN. The present study aimed to define the molecular mechanisms of PS as a potential therapeutic approach to treat GN. A combination of network pharmacology and validation experiments in GN is used to understand the potential mechanism. Information on pharmaceutically active compounds in PS and gene information related to GN was obtained from public databases. The compound target network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed to study the mechanism of action of PS in the treatment of GN. The mechanism of action of PS in the treatment of GN was analyzed via Gene Ontology (GO) biological process annotation and Kyoto Gene and Genomics Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Validation experiments were performed to verify the core targets. The GN rat model was prepared by the method of combining yeast and adenine. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphology of renal tissue in rats. ELISA was applied to detect TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in renal tissue. The expressions of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β were determined using immunohistochemistry. Through the results of network pharmacology, we obtained 9 active components, 118 predicted targets, and 149 GN targets from the public database. Based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI), 26 hub genes for interaction with PS treating for GN were screened, including MMP9, TNF, IL1β, and IL6. The enrichment analysis results showed that the treatment of GN with PS was mainly involved in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and PI3K Akt signaling pathway. Validation experiment results showed that PS could reduce the content of urinary protein and UA and deregulate the expression of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the treatment of GN. The molecular mechanism of PS in the treatment of GN indicated the synergistic features of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway of traditional Chinese medicine, which provided an essential scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of PS in the treatment of GN.
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Farha AK, Gan RY, Li HB, Wu DT, Atanasov AG, Gul K, Zhang JR, Yang QQ, Corke H. The anticancer potential of the dietary polyphenol rutin: Current status, challenges, and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:832-859. [PMID: 33054344 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1829541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rutin is one of the most common dietary polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and other plants. It is metabolized by the mammalian gut microbiota and absorbed from the intestines, and becomes bioavailable in the form of conjugated metabolites. Rutin exhibits a plethora of bioactive properties, making it an extremely promising phytochemical. Numerous studies demonstrate that rutin can act as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent, and its anticancer effects can be mediated through the suppression of cell proliferation, the induction of apoptosis or autophagy, and the hindering of angiogenesis and metastasis. Rutin has been found to modulate multiple molecular targets involved in carcinogenesis, such as cell cycle mediators, cellular kinases, inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, drug transporters, and reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes the natural sources of rutin, its bioavailability, and in particular its potential use as an anticancer agent, with highlighting its anticancer mechanisms as well as molecular targets. Additionally, this review updates the anticancer potential of its analogs, nanoformulations, and metabolites, and discusses relevant safety issues. Overall, rutin is a promising natural dietary compound with promising anticancer potential and can be widely used in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals for the prevention and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Khalid Gul
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
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Li Q, Qin M, Li T, Gu Z, Tan Q, Huang P, Ren L. Rutin protects against pirarubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by adjusting microRNA-125b-1-3p-mediated JunD signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:139-148. [PMID: 32016695 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pirarubicin (THP), an anthracycline drug, is widely used as a basic therapeutic agent for the treatment of carcinoma and lymphatic malignant tumor. However, it exerts irreversible cardiotoxicity in varying degrees. At present, dexrazoxane (DZR) is the only cardioprotective agent used to treat anthracycline drug-induced cardiotoxicity, but it may reduce the anticancer effect of anthracycline drugs, causing severe granulocytopenia and other adverse reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to discover more effective and less toxic drugs for the treatment of THP-induced cardiotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of rutin (RUT) against THP-induced cardiomyocyte injury. An in vitro cardiomyocyte injury model of THP-treated murine immortalized cardiomyocytes (HL-1) was used in this study. The results showed that RUT markedly increased the viability of HL-1 cells through protection against THP-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Furthermore, RUT significantly inhibited myocardial oxidative insult by adjusting the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our data also indicated that RUT activated JunD signaling pathways, thereby affecting the expression levels of some apoptotic proteins by decreasing miR-125b-1-3p expression level. In addition, intracellular ROS level significantly increased in HL-1 cells treated with THP after miR-125b-1-3p mimic transfection, whereas the expression of JunD was downregulated and that of some apoptotic proteins was upregulated. However, this effect was markedly reversed by RUT. Therefore, we inferred that the protective effect of RUT on THP cardiotoxicity was achieved through regulation of the JunD gene by miR-125b-1-3p. This experiment revealed the protective effect of RUT on THP-induced cardiotoxicity at the non-coding RNA level and provided a theoretical foundation for the application of RUT as a protective agent against THP cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to The Jinzhou Medical University, No. 5-2 Heping Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 120001, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Tengteng Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zehui Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to The Jinzhou Medical University, No. 5-2 Heping Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 120001, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 3-40 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 120001, China
| | - Qi Tan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to The Jinzhou Medical University, No. 5-2 Heping Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 120001, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 3-40 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 120001, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Liqun Ren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Fei J, Sun Y, Duan Y, Xia J, Yu S, Ouyang P, Wang T, Zhang G. Low concentration of rutin treatment might alleviate the cardiotoxicity effect of pirarubicin on cardiomyocytes via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190546. [PMID: 31138757 PMCID: PMC6591567 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of deaths around the world, especially in low- and middle- income countries. Pirarubicin (THP) is an effective drug for treatment of cancer, however, there still exists cardiotoxic effects of THP. Rutin is a kind of antioxidative compound extracted from plants, and might be a protective compound for cardiomyocytes. Phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is critical for cellular survival, proliferation and metabolism, and thus we speculated rutin might perform a protective role in cardiomyocytes via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. And in this experiment, we first established a cardiotoxicity model of THP in mice model and cell models, and then found that rutin treatment could increase the proliferation of cells at low concentration. Then we explored the possible mechanism of the protective effect of rutin using Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ELISA methods, and found that the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was increased, and expression of downstream molecules involved in antioxidative stress were also increased. We further noticed that concentration of angiogenesis promoting factors were also increased in medium of cultured cells. Thus, we speculated that rutin could increase the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, further decrease the oxidative stress level via increasing the expression of antioxidative stress enzymes with the increasing concentration of angiogenesis promoting factors, resulting in the protective role in cardiomyocytes and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yuyin Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Jianming Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Songhua Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Peigang Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
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Abdallah HMI, Abdel-Rahman RF, El Awdan SA, Allam RM, El-Mosallamy AEMK, Selim MS, Mohamed SS, Arbid MS, Farrag ARH. Protective effect of some natural products against chemotherapy-induced toxicity in rats. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01590. [PMID: 31080906 PMCID: PMC6507045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim There is a great interest in combining anticancer drugs with natural products aiming at maximizing their efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Hence, the present study was constructed aiming to investigate the protective potential of three natural products, 1,8-cineole an essential oil from Artemisia herba alba, exopolysaccharide (EPS) from locally identified marine streptomycete, and ellagic acid (EA), against chemotherapy-induced organ toxicity. Methods Isolation, production and characterization of EPS from marine streptomycete was done. Animals were allocated into five groups, GP1: normal control, GP2: cyclophosphamide (CYC), GP3: 1,8-cineole + CYC, GP4: EPS + CYC, GP4: EA + CYC. All drugs were administered orally 1 week before and concomitantly with CYC. Electrocardiography (ECG) analysis, liver enzymes (ALT and AST), cardiac serum markers (LDH and CK), oxidative stress biomarkers in hepatic and cardiac tissues (GSH and MDA), TGF-β1 and histopathological examination of hepatic and cardiac tissues were executed. Results The isolated stain produced EPS was identified as Streptomyces xiamenensis. EPS contains uronic, sulphate groups and different monosugars with Mw 4.65 × 104 g/mol and showed antioxidant activity against DPPH. Pretreatment of rats with 1,8-cineole, EPS and EA improved ECG abnormalities, decrease serum markers of hepato- and cardiotoxicity, prevent oxidative stress and decrease TGF-β1 in liver and heart tissues. Conclusion The present results demonstrate the hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects of the above-mentioned natural products against CYC organ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M I Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Manal S Selim
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Mohamed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Arbid
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel Razik H Farrag
- Department of Pathology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Song S, Dang M, Kumar M. Anti-inflammatory and renal protective effect of gingerol in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via inflammatory mechanism. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1243-1254. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Tavares WR, Seca AML. The Current Status of the Pharmaceutical Potential of Juniperus L. Metabolites. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030081. [PMID: 30065158 PMCID: PMC6165314 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Plants and their derived natural compounds possess various biological and therapeutic properties, which turns them into an increasing topic of interest and research. Juniperus genus is diverse in species, with several traditional medicines reported, and rich in natural compounds with potential for development of new drugs. Methods: The research for this review were based in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using terms combining Juniperus, secondary metabolites names, and biological activities. This is not an exhaustive review of Juniperus compounds with biological activities, but rather a critical selection taking into account the following criteria: (i) studies involving the most recent methodologies for quantitative evaluation of biological activities; and (ii) the compounds with the highest number of studies published in the last four years. Results: From Juniperus species, several diterpenes, flavonoids, and one lignan were emphasized taking into account their level of activity against several targets. Antitumor activity is by far the most studied, being followed by antibacterial and antiviral activities. Deoxypodophyllotoxin and one dehydroabietic acid derivative appears to be the most promising lead compounds. Conclusions: This review demonstrates the Juniperus species value as a source of secondary metabolites with relevant pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Ana M L Seca
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA-Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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16
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Andreicut AD, Pârvu AE, Mot AC, Pârvu M, Fischer Fodor E, Cătoi AF, Feldrihan V, Cecan M, Irimie A. Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2879793. [PMID: 30050649 PMCID: PMC6040276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2879793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra-Diana Andreicut
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-4 Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Elena Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-4 Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin Cătălin Mot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcel Pârvu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 42 Republicii Street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Fischer Fodor
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute of Oncology “I. Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-4 Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Feldrihan
- Department of Immunology and Alergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, RO-400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Cecan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 34-36 Republicii Street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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