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Sun J, Shao Y, Pei L, Zhu Q, Yu X, Yao W. AKAP1 alleviates VSMC phenotypic modulation and neointima formation by inhibiting Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116858. [PMID: 38850669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The roles and mechanisms of A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1) in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation and neointima formation are currently unknown. AKAP1 is a mitochondrial PKA-anchored protein and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate how AKAP1/PKA signaling plays a protective role in inhibiting VSMC phenotypic transformation and neointima formation by regulating mitochondrial fission. The results showed that both PDGF-BB treatment and balloon injury reduced the transcription, expression, and mitochondrial anchoring of AKAP1. In vitro, the overexpression of AKAP1 significantly inhibited PDGF-BB mediated VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas AKAP1 knockdown further aggravated VSMC phenotypic transformation. Additionally, in the balloon injury model in vivo, AKAP1 overexpression reduced neointima formation, the muscle fiber area ratio, and rat VSMC proliferation and migration. Furthermore, PDGF-BB and balloon injury inhibited Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 and promoted Drp1 activity and mitochondrial midzone fission; AKAP1 overexpression reversed these effects. AKAP1 overexpression also inhibited the distribution of mitochondria at the plasma membrane and the reduction of PKARIIβ expression induced by PDGF-BB, as evidenced by an increase in mitochondria-plasma membrane distance as well as PKARIIβ protein levels. Moreover, the PKA agonist promoted Drp1 phosphorylation (Ser637) and inhibited PDGF-BB-mediated mitochondrial fission, cell proliferation, and migration. The PKA antagonist reversed the increase in Drp1 phosphorylation (Ser637) and the decline in mitochondrial midzone fission and VSMC phenotypic transformation caused by AKAP1 overexpression. The results of this study reveal that AKAP1 protects VSMCs against phenotypic modulation by improving Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 through PKA and inhibiting mitochondrial fission, thereby preventing neointima formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Rats
- A Kinase Anchor Proteins/metabolism
- A Kinase Anchor Proteins/genetics
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Dynamins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Dynamics/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima/metabolism
- Neointima/pathology
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuting Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lele Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
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2
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Prajapati SK, Ahmed S, Rai V, Gupta SC, Krishnamurthy S. Suvorexant improves mitochondrial dynamics with the regulation of orexinergic and mTOR activation in rats exhibiting PTSD-like symptoms. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:24-38. [PMID: 38185385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in PTSD. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Mitochondrial dynamics could be one of the mechanisms, as it is crucial for mitochondrial homeostasis and is widely affected in traumatic situations. Mitochondrial dynamics regulate mitochondrial homeostasis via orexinergic receptors, and it is shown that antagonism of orexinergic receptors attenuates PTSD-like symptoms. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine how orexin antagonists affect mitochondrial dynamics in rats exhibiting PTSD-like symptoms. METHODS Using rats, a stress-re-stress (SRS) model with PTSD-like symptoms was established. On day 2 (D-2), the animals were exposed to variable stressors including 2 h of restraint followed by brief mild foot shock and exposure to 4%halothane. Foot shock was performed as a re-stress from D-8 to D-32 at six-day intervals. RESULTS SRS exposure caused PTSD-like phenotype, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitochondrial-fission-process-1 (MTFP-1). SRS-subjected rats exhibited enhanced expression of fission-regulating proteins, including dynamin-related protein-1 and mitochondrial-fission-protein-1 and reduced expression of fusion-regulating proteins, including optic-atrophy-1 and mitofusin-2, in the amygdala. TEM analysis revealed that SRS exposure further damaged the mitochondria. Treatment with suvorexant with rapamycin significantly mitigated PTSD-like symptoms and improved mitochondrial dynamics in SRS-exposed rats. However, their combination showed a more pronounced effect. Further, suvorexant in combination with rapamycin significantly mitigated mTOR and MTFP-1 activation. Sertraline attenuated PTSD-like symptoms without affecting SRS-induced activation of mTOR and disparity in mitochondrial dynamics. Suvorexant pharmacological effects on mitochondrial biogenesis also involve the mTOR pathway. LIMITATION The role of orexinergic pathway in SRS-induced mitochondrial mitophagy was not explored. CONCLUSIONS Targeting both the orexinergic and mTOR pathways might exert a beneficial synergistic effect for treating PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, U.P., India; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, U.P., India.
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3
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Kulkarni PG, Balasubramanian N, Manjrekar R, Banerjee T, Sakharkar A. DNA Methylation-Mediated Mfn2 Gene Regulation in the Brain: A Role in Brain Trauma-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Memory Deficits. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3479-3495. [PMID: 37193907 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (rMTBI) affect mitochondrial homeostasis in the brain. However, mechanisms of long-lasting neurobehavioral effects of rMTBI are largely unknown. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a critical component of tethering complexes in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and thereby plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial functions. Herein, we investigated the implications of DNA methylation in the Mfn2 gene regulation, and its consequences on mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus after rMTBI. rMTBI dramatically reduced the mitochondrial mass, which was concomitant with decrease in Mfn2 mRNA and protein levels. DNA hypermethylation at the Mfn2 gene promoter was observed post 30 days of rMTBI. The treatment of 5-Azacytidine, a pan DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, normalized DNA methylation levels at Mfn2 promoter, which further resulted into restoration of Mfn2 function. The normalization of Mfn2 function was well correlated with recovery in memory deficits in rMTBI-exposed rats. Since, glutamate excitotoxicity serves as a primary insult after TBI, we employed in vitro model of glutamate excitotoxicity in human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y to investigate the causal epigenetic mechanisms of Mfn2 gene regulation. The glutamate excitotoxicity reduced Mfn2 levels via DNA hypermethylation at Mfn2 promoter. Loss of Mfn2 caused significant surge in cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels with lowered mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured SH-SY5Y cells. Like rMTBI, these consequences of glutamate excitotoxicity were also prevented by 5-AzaC pre-treatment. Therefore, DNA methylation serves as a vital epigenetic mechanism involved in Mfn2 expression in the brain; and this Mfn2 gene regulation may play a pivotal role in rMTBI-induced persistent cognitive deficits. Closed head weight drop injury method was employed to induce repeated mild traumatic brain (rMTBI) in jury in adult, male Wistar rats. rMTBI causes hyper DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and lowers the Mfn2 expression triggering mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the treatment of 5-azacytidine normalizes DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and restores mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | | | - Ritika Manjrekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Tanushree Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411 033, India.
| | - Amul Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
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4
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Takegawa R, Hayashida K, Yin T, Choudhary RC, Miyara SJ, Khalili H, Shoaib M, Endo Y, Molmenti EP, Becker LB. Real-Time Brain Monitoring by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Predicts Neurological Outcome after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation in Rats: A Proof of Concept Study of a Novel Prognostic Measure after Cardiac Arrest. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010131. [PMID: 35011872 PMCID: PMC8745661 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated that dynamic changes in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have a role in predicting neurological outcomes after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Our study evaluated whether the timing of rSO2 decline shortly after CPR reflects the severity of brain injury in a rat model of CA. Rats were subjected to different durations of asphyxia to produce variable severities of brain injury, due to CA. Time from ROSC to achieving the initial minimum rSO2 was defined as Tnadir. A Tnadir cut-off of 24 min had optimal sensitivity and specificity for predicting good neurological outcomes at 72 h after ROSC (AUC, 0.88; sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 86%; p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry at 72 h post-CA revealed that the number of Fluoro-Jade B positive degenerating neurons in the hippocampus CA1 sector were markedly higher in animals with Tnadir > 24 min than that in animals with Tnadir ≤ 24 min. There was no difference in the gene expressions of cytokines and mitochondrial fission proteins in the brain at 2 h after ROSC between rats with Tnadir > 24 min and with Tnadir ≤ 24 min. In conclusion, Tnadir can be a novel predictor of good neurological outcomes after CA/CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takegawa
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Tai Yin
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Rishabh C. Choudhary
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Santiago J. Miyara
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Houman Khalili
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA;
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Emesto P. Molmenti
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA;
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Lance B. Becker
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.T.); (T.Y.); (R.C.C.); (S.J.M.); (H.K.); (M.S.); (Y.E.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA;
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5
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Wiklund L, Sharma A, Patnaik R, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sharma HS. Upregulation of hemeoxygenase enzymes HO-1 and HO-2 following ischemia-reperfusion injury in connection with experimental cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:317-375. [PMID: 34560924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal injuries after cardiac arrest. Increased production of carbon monoxide (CO) by the enzyme hemeoxygenase (HO) in the brain is induced by the oxidative stress. HO is present in the CNS in two isoforms, namely the inducible HO-1 and the constitutive HO-2. Elevated levels of serum HO-1 occurs in cardiac arrest patients and upregulation of HO-1 in cardiac arrest is seen in the neurons. However, the role of HO-2 in cardiac arrest is not well known. In this review involvement of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes in the porcine brain following cardiac arrest and resuscitation is discussed based on our own observations. In addition, neuroprotective role of methylene blue- an antioxidant dye on alterations in HO under in cardiac arrest is also presented. The biochemical findings of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes using ELISA were further confirmed by immunocytochemical approach to localize selective regional alterations in cardiac arrest. Our observations are the first to show that cardiac arrest followed by successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in significant alteration in cerebral concentrations of HO-1 and HO-2 levels indicating a prominent role of CO in brain pathology and methylene blue during CPR followed by induced hypothermia leading to superior neuroprotection after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Choudhary RC, Shoaib M, Sohnen S, Rolston DM, Jafari D, Miyara SJ, Hayashida K, Molmenti EP, Kim J, Becker LB. Pharmacological Approach for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest-A Narrative Review of Current Therapies and Future Neuroprotective Cocktail. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:636651. [PMID: 34084772 PMCID: PMC8167895 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.636651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) results in global ischemia-reperfusion injury damaging tissues in the whole body. The landscape of therapeutic interventions in resuscitation medicine has evolved from focusing solely on achieving return of circulation to now exploring options to mitigate brain injury and preserve brain function after CA. CA pathology includes mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress response, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, neuroinflammation, and neuronal excitotoxic death. Current non-pharmacologic therapies, such as therapeutic hypothermia and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, have shown benefits in protecting against ischemic brain injury and improving neurological outcomes post-CA, yet their application is difficult to institute ubiquitously. The current preclinical pharmacopeia to address CA and the resulting brain injury utilizes drugs that often target singular pathways and have been difficult to translate from the bench to the clinic. Furthermore, the limited combination therapies that have been attempted have shown mixed effects in conferring neuroprotection and improving survival post-CA. The global scale of CA damage and its resultant brain injury necessitates the future of CA interventions to simultaneously target multiple pathways and alleviate the hemodynamic, mitochondrial, metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory processes in the brain. This narrative review seeks to highlight the current field of post-CA neuroprotective pharmaceutical therapies, both singular and combination, and discuss the use of an extensive multi-drug cocktail therapy as a novel approach to treat CA-mediated dysregulation of multiple pathways, enhancing survival, and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh C Choudhary
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Sohnen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Daniel M Rolston
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Jafari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Santiago J Miyara
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Junhwan Kim
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Lance B Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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7
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Senthil K, Morgan RW, Hefti MM, Karlsson M, Lautz AJ, Mavroudis CD, Ko T, Nadkarni VM, Ehinger J, Berg RA, Sutton RM, McGowan FX, Kilbaugh TJ. Haemodynamic-directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation promotes mitochondrial fusion and preservation of mitochondrial mass after successful resuscitation in a pediatric porcine model. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100124. [PMID: 34223382 PMCID: PMC8244484 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction is a key mediator of neurologic injury following cardiac arrest (CA) and is regulated by the balance of fusion and fission (mitochondrial dynamics). Under stress, fission can decrease mitochondrial mass and signal apoptosis, while fusion promotes oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. This study evaluates mitochondrial dynamics and content in brain tissue 24 h after CA between two cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies. Interventions Piglets (1 month), previously randomized to three groups: (1) Std-CPR (n = 5); (2) HD-CPR (n = 5; goal systolic blood pressure 90 mmHg, goal coronary perfusion pressure 20 mmHg); (3) Shams (n = 7). Std-CPR and HD-CPR groups underwent 7 min of asphyxia, 10 min of CPR, and standardized post-resuscitation care. Primary outcomes: (1) cerebral cortical mitochondrial protein expression for fusion (OPA1, OPA1 long to short chain ratio, MFN2) and fission (DRP1, FIS1), and (2) mitochondrial mass by citrate synthase activity. Secondary outcomes: (1) intra-arrest haemodynamics and (2) cerebral performance category (CPC) at 24 h. Results HD-CPR subjects had higher total OPA1 expression compared to Std-CPR (1.52; IQR 1.02-1.69 vs 0.67; IQR 0.54-0.88, p = 0.001) and higher OPA1 long to short chain ratio than both Std-CPR (0.63; IQR 0.46-0.92 vs 0.26; IQR 0.26-0.31, p = 0.016) and shams. Citrate synthase activity was lower in Std-CPR than sham (11.0; IQR 10.15-12.29 vs 13.4; IQR 12.28-15.66, p = 0.047), but preserved in HD-CPR. HD-CPR subjects had improved intra-arrest haemodynamics and CPC scores at 24 h compared to Std-CPR. Conclusions Following asphyxia-associated CA, HD-CPR exhibits increased pro-mitochondrial fusion protein expression, preservation of mitochondrial mass, improved haemodynamics and superior neurologic scoring compared to Std-CPR. Institutional protocol number IAC 16-001023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Senthil
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Ryan W Morgan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Marco M Hefti
- University of Iowa, Division of Pathology, United States
| | | | - Andrew J Lautz
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Constantine D Mavroudis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, United States
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Neurology, United States
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | | | - Robert A Berg
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Robert M Sutton
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Francis X McGowan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
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8
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Leggett LK, Muldoon O, Howard DL, Kowalski LD. A comparison of surgical outcomes among robotic cases performed with an employed surgical assist versus a second surgeon as the assist. J Robot Surg 2021; 16:229-233. [PMID: 33770350 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-021-01230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether utilizing an employed surgical first assistant or a physician as an assistant during gynecologic robotic cases affects surgical variables. A high volume gynecologic oncologist's robotic case data spanning fourteen years (2005-2018) was analyzed. We separated the cases based on the type of assistant used: either an employed surgical first assist or another physician. The assisting physicians were either members of the same practice or general gynecologists in the community. The two groups were compared for console time and estimated blood loss. We controlled for patient Body Mass Index (BMI), uterine weight, use of the fourth robotic arm, benign versus malignant pathology, and the surgeon's subjective estimate of the difficulty of the case using a conventional laparoscopic versus robotic approach. Cases with an employed surgical assist had a mean adjusted robotic console time that was 0.32 h (19.2 min) faster than cases with a physician as the assist (95% CI 0.26 h-0.37 h faster, p < 0.001). Cases with an employed surgical assist also had an estimated blood loss (EBL) that was 47.5 cc lower than cases with a physician assisting (95% CI 38.8 cc-56.3 cc lower EBL, p < 0.001). The use of an employed surgical assist was associated with a faster console time and lower blood loss compared to using an available physician even adjusting for confounding factors. This deserves further exploration, particularly in regards to complication rates, operating room efficiency, utilization of health care personnel, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Leggett
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Olga Muldoon
- Minimally Invasive Gynecology Surgery Fellow, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - David L Howard
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Lynn D Kowalski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MountainView Hospital, Nevada Surgery and Cancer Care, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Wu J, Chen H, Qin J, Chen N, Lu S, Jin J, Li Y. Baicalin Improves Cardiac Outcome and Survival by Suppressing Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission after Cardiac Arrest-Induced Myocardial Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8865762. [PMID: 33603953 PMCID: PMC7870315 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8865762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial injury after cardiac arrest (CA) often results in severe myocardial dysfunction and death involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we sought to investigate whether baicalin, a natural flavonoid compound, exerts cardioprotection against CA-induced injury via regulating mitochondrial dysfunction. We subjected the rats to asphyxia CA after a daily baicalin treatment for 4 weeks. After the return of spontaneous circulation, baicalin treatment significantly improved cardiac function performance, elevated survival rate from 35% to 75%, prevented necrosis and apoptosis in the myocardium, which was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616, inhibited Drp1 translocation to the mitochondria and mitochondrial fission, and improved mitochondrial function. In H9c2 cells subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion, increased phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 and subsequently enhanced mitochondrial Drp1 translocation as well as mitochondrial fission, augmented cardiomyocyte death, increased reactive oxygen species production, released cytochrome c from mitochondria and injured mitochondrial respiration were efficiently improved by baicalin and Drp1 specific inhibitor with Mdivi-1. Furthermore, overexpression of Drp1 augmented excessive mitochondrial fission and abolished baicalin-afforded cardioprotection, indicating that the protective impacts of baicalin are linked to the inhibition of Drp1. Altogether, our findings disclose for the first time that baicalin offers cardioprotection against ischemic myocardial injury after CA by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Baicalin might be a prospective therapy for the treatment of post-CA myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 215009 Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 215009 Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, 215300 Kunshan, China
| | - Jiahong Qin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650032 Kunming, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
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10
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Liu T, Wang B, Li G, Dong X, Yu G, Qian Q, Duan L, Li H, Jia Z, Bai J. Disruption of microRNA-214 during general anaesthesia prevents brain injury and maintains mitochondrial fusion by promoting Mfn2 interaction with Pkm2. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13589-13599. [PMID: 33147380 PMCID: PMC7753869 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duration of surgical general anaesthesia is associated with severe brain injury and neurological deficits. The specific mechanisms underlying post-general anaesthesia brain injury, however, still remain to be elucidated. Herein, we explore the role of microRNA-214 (miR-214) in the occurrence of brain injury after general anaesthesia and its underlying mechanism. Hippocampal tissues and neurons were isolated from rats exposed to 2% sevoflurane. TUNEL stains reflect hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Cultured hippocampal neurons stained with JC-1 and MitoTracker dyes were imaged by fluorescence microscope to visualize changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondrial function was evaluated. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) binding to miR-214 or pyruvate kinase M2 (Pkm2) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. After exposure to 2% sevoflurane, up-regulated miR-214 expression and impaired interaction between Mfn2 and Pkm2 were found in rat hippocampal tissues. Rats exposed to 2% sevoflurane also experienced neuronal injury, mitochondrial defects and deficits in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) signalling. miR-214 was shown to target Mfn2 by impairing its binding with Pkm2. Inhibiting miR-214 expression using its specific inhibitor improved mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced mitochondrial fusion, maintained mitochondrial function, restored interaction between Mfn2 and Pkm2, and activated the Bdnf signalling in cultured hippocampal neurons. Adenovirus infection of miR-214 inhibitor reduced neuron apoptosis and maintained mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of rats exposed to 2% sevoflurane. Taken together, the study demonstrates inhibition of miR-214 is cerebral protective against brain injury following general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of PediatricsNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Gai Li
- CT DepartmentNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Xiaoliu Dong
- Department of NeurologyTangshan People's HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Guannan Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Qingzeng Qian
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Likun Duan
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Zhao Jia
- Department of NeurologyTangshan People's HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
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Wu J, Li Y, Yang P, Huang Y, Lu S, Xu F. Novel Role of Carbon Monoxide in Improving Neurological Outcome After Cardiac Arrest in Aged Rats: Involvement of Inducing Mitochondrial Autophagy. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011851. [PMID: 31030597 PMCID: PMC6512094 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Dysfunctional mitochondria are associated with neurological injury after cardiac arrest (CA). Although carbon monoxide (CO) has shown various potential therapeutic effects in preclinical tissue injury models, its mechanism of action in CA remains unclear. We sought to investigate the effects of a novel CO‐releasing molecule on cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction and neurological injury after CA. Methods and Results Male Sprague‐Dawley rats aged 20 to 22 months were subjected to 6‐minute asphyxia CA before receiving CO treatment. Survival, neurologic deficit scores, neuronal death, mitochondrial function, and autophagy were evaluated after the return of spontaneous circulation. Results showed that CO post‐treatment increased 3‐day survival rate from 25% to 70.83% and reduced neurologic deficit scores. CO also ameliorated CA‐induced neuronal apoptosis and necrosis in the cerebral cortex and improved cerebral mitochondrial function by reducing reactive oxygen species, reversing mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and preventing cytochrome C release. Furthermore, CO increased mitochondrial autophagy by inducing mitochondrial accumulation of PINK1 (PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1) and Parkin. Downregulation of PINK1 with genetic silencing siRNA abolished CO‐afforded mitochondrial autophagy. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate, for the first time, that CO treatment confers neuroprotection against ischemic neurological injury after CA possibly by promoting mitochondrial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- 1 Department of Ultrasonography Medicine The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Yi Li
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Peng Yang
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yaping Huang
- 3 Department of Pathology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Feng Xu
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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