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Chishtie J, Bielska IA, Barrera A, Marchand JS, Imran M, Tirmizi SFA, Turcotte LA, Munce S, Shepherd J, Senthinathan A, Cepoiu-Martin M, Irvine M, Babineau J, Abudiab S, Bjelica M, Collins C, Craven BC, Guilcher S, Jeji T, Naraei P, Jaglal S. Interactive Visualization Applications in Population Health and Health Services Research: Systematic Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e27534. [PMID: 35179499 PMCID: PMC8900899 DOI: 10.2196/27534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simple visualizations in health research data, such as scatter plots, heat maps, and bar charts, typically present relationships between 2 variables. Interactive visualization methods allow for multiple related facets such as numerous risk factors to be studied simultaneously, leading to data insights through exploring trends and patterns from complex big health care data. The technique presents a powerful tool that can be used in combination with statistical analysis for knowledge discovery, hypothesis generation and testing, and decision support. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this scoping review is to describe and summarize the evidence of interactive visualization applications, methods, and tools being used in population health and health services research (HSR) and their subdomains in the last 15 years, from January 1, 2005, to March 30, 2019. Our secondary objective is to describe the use cases, metrics, frameworks used, settings, target audience, goals, and co-design of applications. METHODS We adapted standard scoping review guidelines with a peer-reviewed search strategy: 2 independent researchers at each stage of screening and abstraction, with a third independent researcher to arbitrate conflicts and validate findings. A comprehensive abstraction platform was built to capture the data from diverse bodies of literature, primarily from the computer science and health care sectors. After screening 11,310 articles, we present findings from 56 applications from interrelated areas of population health and HSR, as well as their subdomains such as epidemiologic surveillance, health resource planning, access, and use and costs among diverse clinical and demographic populations. RESULTS In this companion review to our earlier systematic synthesis of the literature on visual analytics applications, we present findings in 6 major themes of interactive visualization applications developed for 8 major problem categories. We found a wide application of interactive visualization methods, the major ones being epidemiologic surveillance for infectious disease, resource planning, health service monitoring and quality, and studying medication use patterns. The data sources included mostly secondary administrative and electronic medical record data. In addition, at least two-thirds of the applications involved participatory co-design approaches while introducing a distinct category, embedded research, within co-design initiatives. These applications were in response to an identified need for data-driven insights into knowledge generation and decision support. We further discuss the opportunities stemming from the use of interactive visualization methods in studying global health; inequities, including social determinants of health; and other related areas. We also allude to the challenges in the uptake of these methods. CONCLUSIONS Visualization in health has strong historical roots, with an upward trend in the use of these methods in population health and HSR. Such applications are being fast used by academic and health care agencies for knowledge discovery, hypotheses generation, and decision support. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/14019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Chishtie
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Health Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Munce
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Shepherd
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arrani Senthinathan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael Irvine
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Babineau
- Library & Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Institute for Education Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sally Abudiab
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marko Bjelica
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - B Catharine Craven
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Guilcher
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tara Jeji
- Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parisa Naraei
- Department of Computer Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Jaglal
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rizzo R, Knight SP, Davis JRC, Newman L, Duggan E, Kenny RA, Romero-Ortuno R. SART and Individual Trial Mistake Thresholds: Predictive Model for Mobility Decline. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6030085. [PMID: 34562986 PMCID: PMC8482118 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) has been used to measure neurocognitive functions in older adults. However, simplified average features of this complex dataset may result in loss of primary information and fail to express associations between test performance and clinically meaningful outcomes. Here, we describe a new method to visualise individual trial (raw) information obtained from the SART test, vis-à-vis age, and groups based on mobility status in a large population-based study of ageing in Ireland. A thresholding method, based on the individual trial number of mistakes, was employed to better visualise poorer SART performances, and was statistically validated with binary logistic regression models to predict mobility and cognitive decline after 4 years. Raw SART data were available for 4864 participants aged 50 years and over at baseline. The novel visualisation-derived feature bad performance, indicating the number of SART trials with at least 4 mistakes, was the most significant predictor of mobility decline expressed by the transition from Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) < 12 to TUG ≥ 12 s (OR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.14–1.46; p < 0.001), and the only significant predictor of new falls (OR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.21; p = 0.011), in models adjusted for multiple covariates. However, no SART-related variables resulted significant for the risk of cognitive decline, expressed by a decrease of ≥2 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. This novel multimodal visualisation could help clinicians easily develop clinical hypotheses. A threshold approach to the evaluation of SART performance in older adults may better identify subjects at higher risk of future mobility decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Rizzo
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.K.); (J.R.C.D.); (L.N.); (E.D.); (R.A.K.); (R.R.-O.)
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvin Paul Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.K.); (J.R.C.D.); (L.N.); (E.D.); (R.A.K.); (R.R.-O.)
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - James R. C. Davis
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.K.); (J.R.C.D.); (L.N.); (E.D.); (R.A.K.); (R.R.-O.)
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.K.); (J.R.C.D.); (L.N.); (E.D.); (R.A.K.); (R.R.-O.)
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Duggan
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.K.); (J.R.C.D.); (L.N.); (E.D.); (R.A.K.); (R.R.-O.)
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.K.); (J.R.C.D.); (L.N.); (E.D.); (R.A.K.); (R.R.-O.)
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roman Romero-Ortuno
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.K.); (J.R.C.D.); (L.N.); (E.D.); (R.A.K.); (R.R.-O.)
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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Benavides C, Benítez-Andrades JA, Marqués-Sánchez P, Arias N. eHealth Intervention to Improve Health Habits in the Adolescent Population: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e20217. [PMID: 33599616 PMCID: PMC7932840 DOI: 10.2196/20217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Technology has provided a new way of life for the adolescent population. Indeed, strategies aimed at improving health-related behaviors through digital platforms can offer promising results. However, since it has been shown that peers are capable of modifying behaviors related to food and physical exercise, it is important to study whether digital interventions based on peer influence are capable of improving the weight status of adolescents. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an eHealth app in an adolescent population in terms of improvements in their age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles. Other goals of the study were to examine the social relationships of adolescents pre- and postintervention, and to identify the group leaders and study their profiles, eating and physical activity habits, and use of the web app. Methods The BMI percentiles were calculated in accordance with the reference guidelines of the World Health Organization. Participants’ diets and levels of physical activity were assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), respectively. The variables related to social networks were analyzed using the social network analysis (SNA) methodology. In this respect, peer relationships that were considered reciprocal friendships were used to compute the “degree” measure, which was used as an indicative parameter of centrality. Results The sample population comprised 210 individuals in the intervention group (IG) and 91 individuals in the control group (CG). A participation rate of 60.1% (301/501) was obtained. After checking for homogeneity between the IG and the CG, it was found that adolescents in the IG at BMI percentiles both below and above the 50th percentile (P50) modified their BMI to approach this reference value (with a significance of P<.001 among individuals with an initial BMI below the P50 and P=.04 for those with an initial BMI above the P50). The diet was also improved in the IG compared with the CG (P<.001). After verifying that the social network had increased postintervention, it was seen that the group leaders (according to the degree SNA measure) were also leaders in physical activity performed (P=.002) and use of the app. Conclusions The eHealth app was able to modify behaviors related to P50 compliance and exert a positive influence in relation to diet and physical exercise. Digital interventions in the adolescent population, based on the improvement in behaviors related to healthy habits and optimizing the social network, can offer promising results that help in the fight against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Benavides
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Electric, Systems and Automatics Engineering, University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, Ponferrada, Spain
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Benítez-Andrades JA, García-Rodríguez I, Benavides C, Alaiz-Moretón H, Labra Gayo JE. An ontology-based multi-domain model in social network analysis: Experimental validation and case study. Inf Sci (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Marqués-Sánchez P, García-Rodríguez I, Benítez-Andrades JA, Fulgueiras-Carril I, Fernández-Sierra P, Fernández-Martínez E. Networks and Emotions in Cooperative Work: A Quasi-Experimental Study in University Nursing and Computer Engineering Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8030220. [PMID: 32698453 PMCID: PMC7551642 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
University students establish networks that impact on their behavior. Social Network Analysis (SNA) allows us to analyze the reticular structures formed and find patterns of interaction between university students. The main objective of this study was to observe the impact of interdisciplinary collaborative work between nursing and computer engineering students on the collaboration and friendship networks, emotions and performance of the participants. It is a quasi-experimental descriptive study with pre- and post-intervention measurements. The contact networks analyzed showed an increase in density in the post-intervention period. The most central people in the network corresponded with those who considered positive emotions most in their academic environment, while the less central people coincided with those who highlighted negative emotions. Academic performance was only significantly associated in the collaboration network, between this and OutdegreeN. This study shows the impact of interdisciplinary activities on teaching methodologies and the repercussions of emotions on curricular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain; (P.M.-S.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Isaías García-Rodríguez
- SECOMUCI Research Group, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial e Informática, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Electric, Systems and Automatics Engineering, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-29-3628
| | | | - Patricia Fernández-Sierra
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy Health Science School, University of León, Avenida Astorga s/n, Ponferrada, 24401 León, Spain;
| | - Elena Fernández-Martínez
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain; (P.M.-S.); (E.F.-M.)
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Benítez-Andrades JA, Arias N, García-Ordás MT, Martínez-Martínez M, García-Rodríguez I. Feasibility of Social-Network-Based eHealth Intervention on the Improvement of Healthy Habits among Children. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1404. [PMID: 32143458 PMCID: PMC7085577 DOI: 10.3390/s20051404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study shows the feasibility of an eHealth solution for tackling eating habits and physical activity in the adolescent population. The participants were children from 11 to 15 years old. An intervention was carried out on 139 students in the intervention group and 91 students in the control group, in two schools during 14 weeks. The intervention group had access to the web through a user account and a password. They were able to create friendship relationships, post comments, give likes and interact with other users, as well as receive notifications and information about nutrition and physical activity on a daily basis and get (virtual) rewards for improving their habits. The control group did not have access to any of these features. The homogeneity of the samples in terms of gender, age, body mass index and initial health-related habits was demonstrated. Pre- and post-measurements were collected through self-reports on the application website. After applying multivariate analysis of variance, a significant alteration in the age-adjusted body mass index percentile was observed in the intervention group versus the control group, as well as in the PAQ-A score and the KIDMED score. It can be concluded that eHealth interventions can help to obtain healthy habits. More research is needed to examine the effectiveness in achieving adherence to these new habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Electric, Systems and Automatics Engineering, University of León, Campus of Vegazana s/n, León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy Health Science School, University of León, Avenida Astorga s/n, Ponferrada, 24401 León, Spain;
| | - María Teresa García-Ordás
- SECOMUCI Research Groups, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial e Informática, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, C.P. 24071 León, Spain; (M.T.G.-O.); (I.G.-R.)
| | | | - Isaías García-Rodríguez
- SECOMUCI Research Groups, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial e Informática, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, C.P. 24071 León, Spain; (M.T.G.-O.); (I.G.-R.)
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Looman WS, Park YS, Gallagher TT, Weinfurter EV. Outcomes research on children with medical complexity: A scoping review of gaps and opportunities. Child Care Health Dev 2020; 46:121-131. [PMID: 31782818 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a recent, rapid increase in the number of studies of children with medical complexity (CMC) and their families. There is a need for attention to gaps and patterns in this emerging field of study. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this scoping review was to identify patterns and gaps in the evidence related to classification systems, data, and outcomes in studies of CMC. DATA SOURCES We searched peer-reviewed journals for reports of quantitative studies focused on CMC outcomes published between 2008 and 2018. On the basis of a structured screening process, we selected 63 reports that met our inclusion criteria. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS We used the methodological framework for scoping studies described by Arskey and O'Malley to map relevant literature in the field and the ECHO model to categorize studies according to three health outcome domains (economic, clinical, and humanistic). RESULTS The terminology used to describe and classify CMC differed across studies depending on outcome domain. Two thirds of the reports focused on economic outcomes; fewer than a quarter included child or family quality of life as an outcome. A majority of studies used a single source of data, with robust analyses of administrative, payer, and publicly available data. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS Research on CMC and their families would benefit from standardization of terms and classification systems, the use of measurement strategies that map humanistic outcomes as trajectories, and more attention to outcomes identified as most meaningful to CMC and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Looman
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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A Cooperative Interdisciplinary Task Intervention with Undergraduate Nursing and Computer Engineering Students. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11226325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
: This study proposed a collaborative methodology among university students in different grades in order to find sustainable strategies that are an added value for students, teachers, and society. In daily professional practice, different professionals must develop skills to collaborate and understand each other. For that reality to be sustainable, we believe that experiences must begin in the context of higher education. Social network analysis offers a new perspective on optimizing relationships between university students. The main goal of this study was to analyze students’ behavior in their networks following an educational intervention and the association with academic performance, resilience and engagement. This was a descriptive quasi-experimental study with pre–post measures of a cooperative interdisciplinary intervention. Participants comprised 50 nursing and computer engineering students. We measured help, friendship, and negative network centrality, engagement, resilience, and academic performance. No significant differences were observed between pre–post-intervention centrality measures in the negative network. However, the help and friendship networks presented statistically significant differences between inDegreeN, OutDegreeN and EigenvectorN on the one hand, and resilience and engagement—but not academic performance—on the other. Academic performance was solely associated with the team to which participants belonged. Cooperative interdisciplinary learning increased the number of ties and levels of prestige and influence among classmates. Further research is required in order to determine the influence of engagement and resilience on academic performance and the role of negative networks in network formation in education. This study provides important information for proposals on sustainable assessments in the field of higher education.
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Towards the Design of a Formal Verification and Evaluation Tool of Real-Time Tasks Scheduling of IoT Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Real-Time Internet of Things (RT-IoT) is a newer technology paradigm envisioned as a global inter-networking of devices and physical things enabling real-time communication over the Internet. The research in Edge Computing and 5G technology is making way for the realisation of future IoT applications. In RT-IoT tasks will be performed in real-time for the remotely controlling and automating of various jobs and therefore, missing their deadline may lead to hazardous situations in many cases. For instance, in the case of safety-critical and mission-critical IoT systems, a missed task could lead to a human loss. Consequently, these systems must be simulated, as a result, and tasks should only be deployed in a real scenario if the deadline is guaranteed to be met. Numerous simulation tools are proposed for traditional real-time systems using desktop technologies, but these relatively older tools do not adapt to the new constraints imposed by the IoT paradigm. In this paper, we design and implement a cloud-based novel architecture for the formal verification of IoT jobs and provide a simulation environment for a typical RT-IoT application where the feasibility of real-time remote tasks is perceived. The proposed tool, to the best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind effort to support not only the feasibility analysis of real-time tasks but also to provide a real environment in which it formally monitors and evaluates different IoT tasks from anywhere. Furthermore, it will also act as a centralised server for evaluating and tracking the real-time scheduled jobs in a smart space. The novelty of the platform is purported by a comparative analysis with the state-of-art solutions against attributes which is vital for any open-source tools in general and IoT in specifics.
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A Semantic Social Network Analysis Tool for Sensitivity Analysis and What-If Scenario Testing in Alcohol Consumption Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112420. [PMID: 30384476 PMCID: PMC6266191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a set of techniques developed in the field of social and behavioral sciences research, in order to characterize and study the social relationships that are established among a set of individuals. When building a social network for performing an SNA analysis, an initial process of data gathering is achieved in order to extract the characteristics of the individuals and their relationships. This is usually done by completing a questionnaire containing different types of questions that will be later used to obtain the SNA measures needed to perform the study. There are, then, a great number of different possible network-generating questions and also many possibilities for mapping the responses to the corresponding characteristics and relationships. Many variations may be introduced into these questions (the way they are posed, the weights given to each of the responses, etc.) that may have an effect on the resulting networks. All these different variations are difficult to achieve manually, because the process is time-consuming and error-prone. The tool described in this paper uses semantic knowledge representation techniques in order to facilitate this kind of sensitivity studies. The base of the tool is a conceptual structure, called “ontology” that is able to represent the different concepts and their definitions. The tool is compared to other similar ones, and the advantages of the approach are highlighted, giving some particular examples from an ongoing SNA study about alcohol consumption habits in adolescents.
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Li B, Liu X, Wang WJ, Zhao F, An ZY, Zhao H. Metanetwork Transmission Model for Predicting a Malaria-Control Strategy. Front Genet 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 30386373 PMCID: PMC6199348 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquitoes are the primary vectors responsible for malaria transmission to humans, with numerous experiments having been conducted to aid in the control of malaria transmission. One of the main approaches aims to develop malaria parasite resistance within the mosquito population by introducing a resistance (R) allele. However, when considering this approach, some critical factors, such as the life of the mosquito, female mosquito fertility capacity, and human and mosquito mobility, have not been considered. Thus, an understanding of how mosquitoes and humans affect disease dynamics is needed to better inform malaria control policymaking. Methods: In this study, a method was proposed to create a metanetwork on the basis of the geographic maps of Gambia, and a model was constructed to simulate evolution within a mixed population, with factors such as birth, death, reproduction, biting, infection, incubation, recovery, and transmission between populations considered in the network metrics. First, the same number of refractory mosquitoes (RR genotype) was introduced into each population, and the prevalence of the R allele (the ratio of resistant alleles to all alleles) and malaria were examined. In addition, a series of simulations were performed to evaluate two different deployment strategies for the reduction of the prevalence of malaria. The R allele and malaria prevalence were calculated for both the strategies, with 10,000 refractory mosquitoes deployed into randomly selected populations or selection based on nodes with top-betweenness values. The 10,000 mosquitoes were deployed among 1, 5, 10, 20, or 40 populations. Results: The simulations in this paper showed that a higher RR genotype (resistant-resistant genes) ratio leads to a higher R allele prevalence and lowers malaria prevalence. Considering the cost of deployment, the simulation was performed with 10,000 refractory mosquitoes deployed among 1 or 5 populations, but this approach did not reduce the original malaria prevalence. Thus, instead, the 10,000 refractory mosquitoes were distributed among 10, 20, or 40 populations and were shown to effectively reduce the original malaria prevalence. Thus, deployment among a relatively small fraction of central nodes can offer an effective strategy to reduce malaria. Conclusion: The standard network centrality measure is suitable for planning the deployment of refractory mosquitoes. Importance: Malaria is an infectious disease that is caused by a plasmodial parasite, and some control strategies have focused on genetically modifying the mosquitoes. This work aims to create a model that takes into account mosquito development and malaria transmission among the population and how these factors influence disease dynamics so as to better inform malaria-control policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Shandong Technology and Business University, School of Computer Science and Technology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Future Intelligent Computing, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Northeastern University, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Reproduction Medical Center, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Shandong Technology and Business University, School of Computer Science and Technology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Future Intelligent Computing, Yantai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong An
- Shandong Technology and Business University, School of Computer Science and Technology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Future Intelligent Computing, Yantai, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Northeastern University, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shenyang, China
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Quiroga E, García I, Benítez-Andrades JA, Benavides C, Martín V, Marqués-Sánchez P. A Qualitative Study of Secondary School Teachers' Perception of Social Network Analysis Metrics in the Context of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121531. [PMID: 29292718 PMCID: PMC5750949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period during which a number of changes occur. Social relationships established during this period influence adolescent behaviour and affect academic performance or alcohol consumption habits, among other issues. Teachers are very important actors in observing and guiding the evolution of their students, and should therefore have the appropriate knowledge and tools to gain insight into the complex social relationships that exist in their classes. The use of social network analysis (SNA) techniques may be helpful in order to study and monitor the evolution of these social networks. This study tries to understand how teachers perceive SNA metrics from an intuitive point of view. Using this information, useful tools could be created that allow teachers to use SNA techniques to improve their understanding of student relationships. A number of interviews with different teachers were held in secondary schools in Spain, allowing SNA concepts to be related to the everyday terms used by the teachers to characterize their students. Results from the study have an impact on questionnaire design for gathering data from students in order to perform an SNA analysis and on the design of software applications that can help teachers to understand the results of this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enedina Quiroga
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
| | - Isaías García
- SALBIS and SECOMUCI Research Groups, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial e Informática, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, C.P. 24071 León, Spain.
| | - José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
| | - Carmen Benavides
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín
- GIGAS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, C.P. 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
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