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Alonso B, Fernández-Barat L, Di Domenico EG, Marín M, Cercenado E, Merino I, de Pablos M, Muñoz P, Guembe M. Characterization of the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains causing ventilator-associated pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:909. [PMID: 33261585 PMCID: PMC7706020 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the virulence of P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) strains (cases) in terms of biofilm production and other phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors compared to P. aeruginosa strains isolated from other infections (controls). Methods Biofilm production was tested to assess biomass production and metabolic activity using crystal violet binding assay and XTT assay, respectively. Pigment production (pyocyanin and pyoverdine) was evaluated using cetrimide agar. Virulence genes were detected by conventional multiplex PCR and virulence was tested in an in vivo model in Galleria mellonella larvae. Results We did not find statistically significant differences between VAP and no-VAP strains (p > 0.05) regarding biofilm production. VAP strains had no production of pyocyanin after 24 h of incubation (p = 0.023). The distribution of virulence genes between both groups were similar (p > 0.05). VAP strains were less virulent than non-VAP strains in an in vivo model of G. mellonella (p < 0.001). Conclusion The virulence of VAP-Pseudomonas aeruginosa does not depend on biofilm formation, production of pyoverdine or the presence of some virulence genes compared to P. aeruginosa isolated from non-invasive locations. However, VAP strains showed attenuated virulence compared to non-VAP strains in an in vivo model of G. mellonella. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12879-020-05534-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alonso
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laia Fernández-Barat
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes, CB06/06/0028) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research CELLEX, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Cercenado
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Merino
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain.,Group For Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis) Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red - Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes, CB06/06/0028), Barcelona, Spain.,National Health System, SACYL/IECSCYL, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuela de Pablos
- Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Guembe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Kózka M, Sega A, Wojnar-Gruszka K, Tarnawska A, Gniadek A. Risk Factors of Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020656. [PMID: 31963947 PMCID: PMC7014112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The hospitalization of patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) in 5%-15% of cases is associated with the occurrence of a complication in the form of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Purpose: Retrospective assessment of risk factors of VAP in patients treated at ICUs in the University Hospital in Krakow. Methods: The research involved the medical documentation of 1872 patients treated at the ICU of the University Hospital in Krakow between 2014 and 2017. The patients were mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h. The obtained data were presented by qualitative and quantitative analysis (%). The qualitative variables were compared using the Chi2 test. Statistically significant was the p < 0.05 value. Results: VAP was demonstrated in 23% of all patients treated in ICU during the analyzed period, and this infection occurred in 13% of men and 10% of women. Pneumonia associated with ventilation was found primarily in patients staying in the ward for over 15 days and subjected to intratracheal intubation (17%). A statistically significant was found between VAP and co-morbidities, e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, alcoholism, obesity, the occurrence of VAP and multi-organ trauma, hemorrhage/hemorrhagic shock, and fractures as the reasons for admitting ICU patients. Conclusions: Patients with comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, diabetes, and alcoholism are a high-risk group for VAP. Particular attention should be paid to patients admitted to the ICU with multi-organ trauma, fractures, and hemorrhage/hemorrhagic shock as patients predisposed to VAP. There is a need for further research into risk factors for non-modifiable VAP such as comorbidities and reasons for ICU admission in order to allow closer monitoring of these patients for VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kózka
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (K.W.-G.)
| | - Aurelia Sega
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (K.W.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Wojnar-Gruszka
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (K.W.-G.)
| | | | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Department of Epidemiological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
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Assessment of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for the Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria from Respiratory Samples in Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010103. [PMID: 31940771 PMCID: PMC7022425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid identification of the causative agent of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) will allow an earlier administration of a more appropriate antibiotic and could improve the outcome of these patients. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid protocol to identify the main microorganisms involved in HAP by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) directly from respiratory samples. First of all, a rapid procedure (<30 min) to extract the DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endotracheal aspirate (EA) or bronchoaspirate (BAS) was set up. A specific LAMP for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii was performed with the extracted solution at 65 °C for 30–40 min. Overall, 58 positive BAL and 83 EA/BAS samples were tested. The limits of detection varied according to the microorganism detected. Validation of the LAMP assay with BAL samples showed that the assay was 100% specific and 86.3% sensitive (positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 50%) compared with culture. Meanwhile for BAS/EA samples, the assay rendered the following statistical parameters: 100% specificity, 94.6% sensitivity, 100% positive predictive value and 69.2% negative predictive value. The turnaround time including sample preparation and LAMP was circa 1 h. LAMP method may be used to detect the most frequent bacteria causing HAP. It is a simple, cheap, sensitive, specific and rapid assay.
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Sheremet AB, Zigangirova NA, Zayakin ES, Luyksaar SI, Kapotina LN, Nesterenko LN, Kobets NV, Gintsburg AL. Small Molecule Inhibitor of Type Three Secretion System Belonging to a Class 2,4-disubstituted-4H-[1,3,4]-thiadiazine-5-ones Improves Survival and Decreases Bacterial Loads in an Airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5810767. [PMID: 30276212 PMCID: PMC6151375 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5810767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a cause of high mortality in burn, immunocompromised, and surgery patients. High incidence of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen makes the existent therapy inefficient. Type three secretion system (T3SS) is a leading virulence system of P. aeruginosa that actively suppresses host resistance and enhances the severity of infection. Innovative therapeutic strategies aiming at inhibition of type three secretion system of P. aeruginosa are highly attractive, as they may reduce the severity of clinical manifestations and improve antibacterial immune responses. They may also represent an attractive therapy for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recently our laboratory developed a new small molecule inhibitor belonging to a class 2,4-disubstituted-4H-[1,3, 4]-thiadiazine-5-ones, Fluorothiazinon (FT), that effectively suppressed T3SS in chlamydia and salmonella in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluate the activity of FT towards antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa expressing T3SS effectors ExoU and ExoS in an airway infection model. We found that FT reduced mortality and bacterial loads and decrease lung pathology and systemic inflammation. In addition, we show that FT inhibits the secretion of ExoT and ExoY, reduced bacteria cytotoxicity, and increased bacteria internalization in vitro. Overall, FT shows a strong potential as an antibacterial therapy of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Sheremet
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Naylia A. Zigangirova
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor S. Zayakin
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei I. Luyksaar
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lydia N. Kapotina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila N. Nesterenko
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalie V. Kobets
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
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