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Li J, Zhou X, Li L, Ji L, Li J, Qu Y, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Liang F, Liu J, Gu W, Yang R, Ma F, Dai L. The association between CTSZ methylation in peripheral blood and breast cancer in Chinese women. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148635. [PMID: 37274256 PMCID: PMC10233099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation in peripheral blood may be associated with breast cancer (BC). To explore the association between the methylation level of the Cathepsin Z (CTSZ) gene in peripheral blood and BC, we conducted a case-control study in the Chinese population. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 567 BC cases, 635 healthy controls, and 303 benign breast disease (BBD) cases. DNA extraction and bisulfite-specific PCR amplification were performed for all samples. The methylation levels of seven sites of the CTSZ gene were quantitatively determined by Mass spectrometry. The odds ratios (ORs) of CpG sites were evaluated for BC risk using per 10% reduction and quartiles analyses by logistic regression. Results Our analysis showed that five out of the seven CpG sites exhibited significant associations with hypomethylation of CTSZ and BC, compared to healthy controls. The highest OR was for Q2 of CTSZ_CpG_1 (OR: 1.62, P=0.006), particularly for early-stage breast cancer in the case of per 10% reduction of CTSZ_CpG_1 (OR: 1.20, P=0.003). We also found that per 10% reduction of CTSZ_CpG_5 (OR: 1.39, P=0.004) and CTSZ_CpG_7,8 (OR: 1.35, P=0.005) were associated with increased BC risk. Our study also revealed that four out of seven CpG sites were linked to increased BC risk in women under 50 years of age, compared to healthy controls. The highest OR was for per 10% reduction of CTSZ_CpG_1 (OR: 1.47, P<0.001). Additionally, we found that BC exhibited lower methylation levels than BBD at CTSZ_CpG_4 (OR for Q1: 2.18, P<0.001) and CTSZ_CpG_7,8 (OR for Q1: 2.01, P=0.001). Furthermore, we observed a correlation between methylation levels and tumor stage, ER, and HER2 status in BC patients. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that altered CTSZ methylation levels in peripheral blood may be associated with breast cancer, particularly in young women, and may serve as a potential biomarker for early-stage BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiajie Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Ji
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunhui Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory in the First Affiliated Hospital & Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Liang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Dai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Blood-based DNA methylation signatures in cancer: A systematic review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166583. [PMID: 36270476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation profiles are in dynamic equilibrium via the initiation of methylation, maintenance of methylation and demethylation, which control gene expression and chromosome stability. Changes in DNA methylation patterns play important roles in carcinogenesis and primarily manifests as hypomethylation of the entire genome and the hypermethylation of individual loci. These changes may be reflected in blood-based DNA, which provides a non-invasive means for cancer monitoring. Previous blood-based DNA detection objects primarily included circulating tumor DNA/cell-free DNA (ctDNA/cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes. Researchers gradually found that methylation changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) also reflected the presence of tumors. Blood-based DNA methylation is widely used in early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, dynamic monitoring after treatment and other fields of clinical research on cancer. The reversible methylation of genes also makes them important therapeutic targets. The present paper summarizes the changes in DNA methylation in cancer based on existing research and focuses on the characteristics of the detection objects of blood-based DNA, including ctDNA/cfDNA, CTCs, exosomes and PBMCs, and their application in clinical research.
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Moradi A, Aleyasin SA, Mohammadian K, Alizamir A. Epigenteic Alteration of DOK7 Gene CpG Island in Blood Leukocyte of Patients with Gastric Cancer and Intestinal Methaplasia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3050. [PMID: 36337064 PMCID: PMC9583823 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.285841.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a benign lesion with no serious concern for patients' health. On the other hand, gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant lesion that has to be differentially diagnosed from benign intestinal metaplasia. Epigenetic modifications have been suggested to play an important role in cancer initiation and development, and they have been investigated as a reliable biomarker tool even for early cancer diagnosis. Whole blood leucocytes (WBC) are potentially the most accessible tissue for cancer early diagnosis, especially for GC, which is hard to diagnose in the early stage. Objective This study aims to investigate the methylation status of DOK7 gene CpG island in blood leukocytes of patients with IM and GC compared to normal control groups. Material and Method DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 30 IM patients, 30 GC patients, and 34 normal controls samples, and MSRE-PCR was utilized to evaluate the loci methylation status. Results Significant hypermethylation of DOK7 gene CpG has been observed in GC 88.1 % (p < 0.001) and IM 66.0 % (p = 0.03) in comparison to the normal control group 56.8%. A cutoff upper than 84.5 % of hypermethylation is considered as a presence of gastric cancer malignant lesions. Conclusions This is the first reported on hypermethylation in DOK7 CPG in blood leukocytes of patients with GC and IM and establishing a laboratory blood based test that may be useful as a novel biomarker test in the early diagnosis and screaning of GC and IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Moradi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Aleyasin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Mohammadian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Mahdieh center, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aida Alizamir
- Department of Pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Mendes CC, Zampieri BL, Arantes LMRB, Melendez ME, Biselli JM, Carvalho AL, Eberlin MN, Riccio MF, Vannucchi H, Carvalho VM, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Pavarino ÉC. One-carbon metabolism and global DNA methylation in mothers of individuals with Down syndrome. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1671-1681. [PMID: 34410622 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder, resulting from the failure of normal chromosome 21 segregation. Studies have suggested that impairments within the one-carbon metabolic pathway can be of relevance for the global genome instability observed in mothers of individuals with DS. Based on the association between global DNA hypomethylation, genome instability, and impairments within the one-carbon metabolic pathway, the present study aimed to identify possible predictors, within the one-carbon metabolism, of global DNA methylation, measured by methylation patterns of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive sequences, in mothers of individuals with DS and mothers of individuals without the syndrome. In addition, we investigated one-carbon genetic polymorphisms and metabolites as maternal predisposing factors for the occurrence of trisomy 21 in children. Eighty-three samples of mothers of children with DS with karyotypically confirmed free trisomy 21 (case group) and 84 of mothers who had at least one child without DS or any other aneuploidy were included in the study. Pyrosequencing assays were performed to access global methylation. The results showed that group affiliation (case or control), betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) G742A and transcobalamin 2 (TCN2) C776G polymorphisms, and folate concentration were identified as predictors of global Alu DNA methylation values. In addition, thymidylate synthase (TYMS) 28-bp repeats 2R/3R or 3R/3R genotypes are independent maternal predisposing factors for having a child with DS. This study adds evidence that supports the association of impairments in the one-carbon metabolism, global DNA methylation, and the possibility of having a child with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiani Cortez Mendes
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular-UPGEM, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joice Matos Biselli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Discovery-Mackenzie-Núcleo Mackenzie de Pesquisa, Núcleo Mackenzie de Pesquisas em Ciência, Fé e Sociedade, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Vannucchi
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Departamento de ClÃnica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular-UPGEM, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika Cristina Pavarino
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular-UPGEM, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- , Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
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Gillman AS, Helmuth T, Koljack CE, Hutchison KE, Kohrt WM, Bryan AD. The Effects of Exercise Duration and Intensity on Breast Cancer-Related DNA Methylation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4128. [PMID: 34439282 PMCID: PMC8394212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research suggests that one mechanism through which physical activity may decrease cancer risk is through its influence on the methylation of genes associated with cancer. The purpose of the current study was to prospectively test, using a rigorous experimental design, whether aerobic exercise affects DNA methylation in genes associated with breast cancer, as well as whether quantity of exercise completed affects change in DNA methylation in a dose-response manner. 276 women (M age = 37.25, SD = 4.64) were recruited from the Denver metro area for a randomized controlled trial in which participants were assigned to a supervised aerobic exercise program varying in a fully crossed design by intensity (55-65% versus 75-85% of VO2max) and duration (40 versus 20 min per session). DNA methylation was assessed via blood samples provided at baseline, after completing a 16-week supervised exercise intervention, and six months after the intervention. 137 participants completed the intervention, and 81 had viable pre-post methylation data. Contrary to our hypotheses, total exercise volume completed in kcal/kg/week was not associated with methylation from baseline to post-intervention for any of the genes of interest. An increase in VO2max over the course of the intervention, however, was associated with decreased post-intervention methylation of BRCA1, p = 0.01. Higher levels of self-reported exercise during the follow-up period were associated with lower levels of GALNT9 methylation at the six-month follow-up. This study provides hypothesis-generating evidence that increased exercise behavior and or increased fitness might affect methylation of some genes associated with breast cancer to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S. Gillman
- Center for Health and Neuroscience, Genes, and Environment (CUChange), Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (T.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Timothy Helmuth
- Center for Health and Neuroscience, Genes, and Environment (CUChange), Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (T.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Claire E. Koljack
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.E.K.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Kent E. Hutchison
- Center for Health and Neuroscience, Genes, and Environment (CUChange), Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (T.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Wendy M. Kohrt
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.E.K.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- Center for Health and Neuroscience, Genes, and Environment (CUChange), Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (T.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.D.B.)
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Awada Z, Bouaoun L, Nasr R, Tfayli A, Cuenin C, Akika R, Boustany RM, Makoukji J, Tamim H, Zgheib NK, Ghantous A. LINE-1 methylation mediates the inverse association between body mass index and breast cancer risk: A pilot study in the Lebanese population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111094. [PMID: 33839117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lebanon is among the top countries worldwide in combined incidence and mortality of breast cancer, which raises concern about risk factors peculiar to this country. The underlying molecular mechanisms of breast cancer require elucidation, particularly epigenetics, which is recognized as a molecular sensor to environmental exposures. PURPOSE We aim to explore whether DNA methylation levels of AHRR (marker of cigarette smoking), SLC1A5 and TXLNA (markers of alcohol consumption), and LINE-1 (a genome-wide repetitive retrotransposon) can act as molecular mediators underlying putative associations between breast cancer risk and pertinent extrinsic (tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption) and intrinsic factors [age and body mass index (BMI)]. METHODS This is a cross-sectional pilot study which includes breast cancer cases (N = 65) and controls (N = 54). DNA methylation levels were measured using bisulfite pyrosequencing on available peripheral blood samples (N = 119), and Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) was used to impute missing DNA methylation values in remaining samples. Multiple mediation analysis was performed to assess direct and indirect (via DNA methylation) effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on breast cancer risk. RESULTS In relation to exposure, AHRR hypo-methylation was associated with cigarette but not waterpipe smoking, suggesting potentially different biomarkers of these two forms of tobacco use; SLC1A5 and TXLNA methylation were not associated with alcohol consumption; LINE-1 methylation was inversely associated with BMI (β-value [95% confidence interval (CI)] = -0.04 [-0.07, -0.02]), which remained significant after adjustment for age, smoking and alcohol consumption. In relation to breast cancer, there was no detectable association between AHRR, SLC1A5 or TXLNA methylation and cancer risk, but LINE-1 methylation was significantly higher in breast cancer cases when compared to controls (mean ± SD: 72.00 ± 0.66 versus 70.89 ± 0.73, P = 4.67 × 10-14). This difference remained significant after adjustment for confounders (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] = 9.75[3.74, 25.39]). Moreover, LINE-1 hypo-methylation mediated 83% of the inverse effect of BMI on breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates that alterations in blood LINE-1 methylation mediate the inverse effect of BMI on breast cancer risk. This warrants large scale studies and stratification based on clinic-pathological types of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Awada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arafat Tfayli
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Reem Akika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rose-Mary Boustany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Makoukji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie K Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Akram Ghantous
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Bai G, Ross H, Zhang Y, Lee K, Ro JY. The Role of DNA Methylation in Transcriptional Regulation of Pro-Nociceptive Genes in Rat Trigeminal Ganglia. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720938677. [PMID: 32974606 PMCID: PMC7495519 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720938677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation by DNA methylation is associated with aberrant gene
expression in sensory neurons, which consequently leads to pathological pain
responses. In this study, we sought to investigate whether peripheral
inflammation alters global DNA methylation in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and
results in abnormal expression of pro-nociceptive genes. Our results show that
peripheral inflammation remotely reduced the level of global DNA methylation in
rat TG with a concurrent reduction in DNMT1 and
DNMT3a expression. Using unbiased steps, we selected the
following pro-nociceptive candidate genes that are potentially regulated by DNA
methylation: TRPV1, TRPA1, P2X3, and PIEZO2.
Inhibition of DNMT with 5-Aza-dC in dissociated TG cells produced dose-dependent
upregulation of TRPV1, TRPA1, and P2X3.
Systemic treatment of animals with 5-Aza-dC significantly increased the
expression of TRPV1, TRPA1, and PIEZO2 in TG.
Furthermore, the overexpression of DNMT3a, as delivered by a lentiviral vector,
significantly downregulated TRPV1 and PIEZO2
expression and also reliably decreased TRPA1 and
P2X3 transcripts. MeDIP revealed that this overexpression
also significantly enhanced methylation of CGIs associated with
TRPV1 and TRPA1. In addition, bisulfite
sequencing data indicated that the CGI associated with TRPA1
was methylated in a pattern catalyzed by DNMT3a. Taken together, our results
show that all 4 pro-nociceptive genes are subject to epigenetic modulation via
DNA methylation, likely via DNMT3a under inflammatory conditions. These findings
provide the first evidence for the functional importance of DNA methylation as
an epigenetic factor in the transcription of pro-nociceptive genes in TG that
are implicated in pathological orofacial pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Bai
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly Ross
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Youping Zhang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - KiSeok Lee
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin Y Ro
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Xu Z, Sandler DP, Taylor JA. Blood DNA Methylation and Breast Cancer: A Prospective Case-Cohort Analysis in the Sister Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:87-94. [PMID: 30989176 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood DNA methylation may be associated with breast cancer, but studies of candidate genes and global and genome-wide DNA methylation have been inconsistent. METHODS We performed an epigenome-wide study using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips with prospectively collected blood DNA samples from the Sister Study (1552 cases, 1224 subcohort). Differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (dmCpGs) were identified using case-cohort proportional hazard models and replicated using deposited data from European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Italy (EPIC-Italy) (n = 329). The correlation between methylation and time to diagnosis was examined using robust linear regression. Causal or consequential relationships of methylation to breast cancer were examined by Mendelian randomization using OncoArray 500 K single-nucleotide polymorphism data. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We identified 9601 CpG markers associated with invasive breast cancer (false discovery rate = q < 0.01), with 510 meeting a strict Bonferroni correction threshold (10-7). A total of 2095 of these CpGs replicated in the independent EPIC-Italy dataset, including 144 meeting the Bonferroni threshold. Sister Study women who developed ductal carcinoma in situ had methylation similar to noncases. Most (1501, 71.6%) dmCpGs showed lower methylation in invasive cases. In case-only analysis, methylation was statistically significantly associated (false discovery rate = q < 0.05) with time to diagnosis for 892 (42.6%) of the dmCpGs. Analyses based on genetic association suggest that methylation differences are likely a consequence rather than a cause of breast cancer. Pathway analysis shows enrichment of breast cancer-related gene pathways, and dmCpGs are overrepresented in known breast cancer susceptibility genes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the DNA methylation profile of blood starts to change in response to invasive breast cancer years before the tumor is clinically detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC.,Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Xu J, Tsai CW, Chang WS, Han Y, Bau DT, Pettaway CA, Gu J. Methylation of global DNA repeat LINE-1 and subtelomeric DNA repeats D4Z4 in leukocytes is associated with biochemical recurrence in African American prostate cancer patients. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1055-1060. [PMID: 30874286 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global DNA methylation may play important roles in cancer etiology and prognosis. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the methylation of long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) and subtelomeric DNA repeats D4Z4 in leukocyte DNA is associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) in African Americans. We measured DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 and D4Z4 in 306 African American (AA) PCa patients using pyrosequencing and compared their methylation levels among clinical variables. We further applied multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier survival function and log-rank tests to assess the association between DNA methylation and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Overall, there was no significant difference of the methylation levels of LINE-1 and D4Z4 among patients with different clinical and epidemiological characteristics. However, the methylation of LINE-1 and D4Z4 was associated with BCR. Patients with lower LINE-1 methylation and higher D4Z4 methylation exhibited markedly increased risks of BCR with adjusted hazard ratios of 3.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-8.45) and 4.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-12.86), respectively, and significantly shorter BCR-free survival times. Our results suggest that lower global DNA methylation and higher subtelomeric region methylation may predict worse prognosis in localized AA PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuyan Han
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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ALUminating the Path of Atherosclerosis Progression: Chaos Theory Suggests a Role for Alu Repeats in the Development of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061734. [PMID: 29895733 PMCID: PMC6032270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATH) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are chronic inflammatory diseases with an important genetic background; they derive from the cumulative effect of multiple common risk alleles, most of which are located in genomic noncoding regions. These complex diseases behave as nonlinear dynamical systems that show a high dependence on their initial conditions; thus, long-term predictions of disease progression are unreliable. One likely possibility is that the nonlinear nature of ATH could be dependent on nonlinear correlations in the structure of the human genome. In this review, we show how chaos theory analysis has highlighted genomic regions that have shared specific structural constraints, which could have a role in ATH progression. These regions were shown to be enriched with repetitive sequences of the Alu family, genomic parasites that have colonized the human genome, which show a particular secondary structure and are involved in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we show the impact of Alu elements on the mechanisms that regulate gene expression, especially highlighting the molecular mechanisms via which the Alu elements alter the inflammatory response. We devote special attention to their relationship with the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA); antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), a risk factor for ATH; their role as microRNA (miRNA) sponges; and their ability to interfere with the regulatory circuitry of the (nuclear factor kappa B) NF-κB response. We aim to characterize ATH as a nonlinear dynamic system, in which small initial alterations in the expression of a number of repetitive elements are somehow amplified to reach phenotypic significance.
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