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Desisa B, Muleta D, Dejene T, Jida M, Goshu A, Negi T, Martin-Pinto P. Utilization of local agro-industrial by-products based substrates to enhance production and dietary value of mushroom (P. ostreatus) in Ethiopia. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:277. [PMID: 39037585 PMCID: PMC11263479 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Food insecurity and malnutrition are serious problems in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. This situation warrants an urgent need for the diversification of food sources with enhanced productivity. This study was aimed at contributing to the food security in Ethiopia through cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms using sustainable and locally available agro-industrial byproduct-based substrates in parallel with pollution control. Ten substrates were prepared using sugarcane bagasse, filter cake, trash, cotton seed hull and animal waste, namely cow dung and horse and chicken manure. The effect of each substrate (treatment) on the yields, biological efficiency, nutritional composition, and mineral contents of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom species was evaluated at the Ethiopian Forest Products Innovation Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The results obtained indicate that a significantly higher (p < 0.05) yield and biological efficiency were recorded from the mushroom cultivated on S2 substrate containing a mixture of 80% sugarcane bagasse, 12% cow dung, and 8% cotton seed hull. Moreover, substrate containing sugarcane bagasse mixed with cotton seed hull, cow dung, and chicken manure significantly (p < 0.05) increased the yields and biological efficiency of the mushroom. The content of protein, crude fat, fiber, and carbohydrates of the mushroom cultivated from all the utilized substrates were in the range of 17.30-21.5, 1.77-2.52, 31.03-34.38, and 28.02-39.74%, respectively. The critical macro-elements are abundant in the mushroom in the order of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium. The mushrooms cultivated on all the substrates were rich in essential micro-elements in the order of iron and zinc. It was found that substrate preparation and formulation significantly (p < 0.05) improved the yields, biological efficiency, nutritive values, and mineral contents of the mushroom. The use of these by-products as substrates is sustainable and environmentally friendly and allows the production of mushroom with high nutritional value on a sustainable basis in order to enhance food security in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buzayehu Desisa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Ethiopian Forestry Development, P.O. Box 24536, Addis Ababa, 1000, Ethiopia.
| | - Diriba Muleta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tatek Dejene
- Ethiopian Forestry Development, P.O. Box 24536, Addis Ababa, 1000, Ethiopia
| | - Mulissa Jida
- Bio and Emerging technology Institute, P.O. Box 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Goshu
- Bio and Emerging technology Institute, P.O. Box 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Pablo Martin-Pinto
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid (Palencia), Avda, Madrid 44, Palencia, 34071, Spain.
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Zied DC, da Silva Freitas MA, de Almeida Moreira BR, da Silva Alves L, Pardo-Giménez A. A Comparative Analysis of Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Lentinula edodes and Other Exotic Mushrooms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040897. [PMID: 37110320 PMCID: PMC10142386 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are capable of bioconverting organic residues into food. Understanding the relationship between high-quality yields and substrate biomass from these residues is critical for mushroom farms when choosing new strains. The objective of this exploratory study was, therefore, to analyze whether exotic mushrooms, namely, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, and Agrocybe aegerita, could biologically convert the substrate into edible mushrooms as effectively as Lentinula edodes (baseline). Five experiments were carried out. Biological efficiency, biodegradability coefficient, mass balance and chemical characterization of the substrate were evaluated. Strategically hydrating the sawdust enabled L. edodes to achieve the greatest biodegradability and biological efficiency of 0.5 and 94.2 kg dt−1, respectively. The values for L. edodes on wheat straw without hydration were 0.2 and 68.8 kg dt−1, respectively. From 1000 kg of fresh substrate, P. eryngii produced 150.1 kg of edible mushrooms, making it technically competitive with L. edodes on wheat straw (195.9 kg). Hence, P. eryngii was the most reliable option for scaling among the exotic mushrooms. The analytical insights from our study provide further knowledge to advance the field’s prominence in high-throughput mushroom-producing systems, particularly for exotic mushrooms.
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Substrate Composition Effect on the Nutritional Quality of Pleurotus ostreatus (MK751847) Fruiting body. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lima GA, Barbosa BFS, Araujo RGAC, Polidoro BR, Polycarpo GV, Zied DC, Biller JD, Ventura G, Modesto IM, Madeira AMBN, Cruz-Polycarpo VC. Agaricus subrufescens and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms as alternative additives to antibiotics in diets for broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:251-260. [PMID: 33064014 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1837344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The effect of A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus mushrooms as an alternative to antibiotics (avilamycin or monensin sodium) on performance, intestinal morphometry, immunity, and biochemical profile of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. was studied from 1 to 42 d old. A total of 900 male Cobb® broiler chicks were distributed, according to a completely randomised design, into five treatments with six replicates each.2. The treatments consisted of: negative control (NC) - basal diet (BD) with no anticoccidial or antibiotic (non-challenged birds); negative control challenged (NCC) - NC fed to Eimeria spp. challenged birds; BD with 0.2% A. subrufescens inclusion for challenged birds (As), BD with 0.2% P. ostreatus inclusion for challenged birds (Po); and a positive control - BD with anticoccidial and antibiotic inclusion for challenged birds (ATB).3. At 11 d.o., the birds were each inoculated orally with 1 ml solution containing 2 × 105 sporulated oocysts/ml Eimeria acervulina and 2 × 104 sporulated oocysts/ml E. maxima and E. tenella.4. Birds subjected to Eimeria spp. challenge up to 21 d of age had greater crypt depth, indicating that the presence of undesirable microorganisms had an effect on cell proliferation.5. At 21 d old, the birds receiving ATB had higher average weight gain (AWG), feed intake (AFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to those fed diets supplemented with mushrooms (As or Po). For the total rearing period (42 days), the birds that received ATB had higher AWG and AFI (P < 0.001) compared to those that received As or Po diets. Feeding avilamycin did not affect (P = 0.0676) FCR compared to the As or Po diet groups.6. From the morphometric and blood analyses there were no differences between broilers fed ATB, Po or As diets in either rearing periods. However, Po and As supplementation lowered blood triglyceride levels. At 21d there was a difference (P < 0.05) for MCV and haemoglobin, in which the mushrooms were similar to the antibiotic. At 42 d, there was a difference (P < 0.05) in haematocrit, erythrocyte, MCV, H: L, protein and albumin variables, in which the use of mushrooms was similar to the positive control, demonstrating that both (mushrooms and antibiotics) promoted a certain improvement in the health of the chickens.7. A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus can be used in broiler diets without compromising intestinal or haematological status, however, these ingredients did not result in improvements in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Lima
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - B F S Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - R G A C Araujo
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - B R Polidoro
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - G V Polycarpo
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - D C Zied
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - J D Biller
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - G Ventura
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - I M Modesto
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - A M B N Madeira
- Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo (Institute of Biomedical Sciences-USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Pardo-Giménez A, Pardo JE, Dias ES, Rinker DL, Caitano CEC, Zied DC. Optimization of cultivation techniques improves the agronomic behavior of Agaricus subrufescens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8154. [PMID: 32424164 PMCID: PMC7235075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New species of medicinal mushrooms have emerged over the past several decades, such as the Sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens. Horticultural improvements are required to shift its cultivation from small-scale local production to large-scale international production. The research reported here evaluated the agronomic behavior and the chemical characteristics of the Sun mushroom as a function of i) nutritional supplementation ii) ruffling of the casing layer and iii) the temperature management on the primordia induction and reduction of the crop cycle. Supplementation was beneficial for yield, unit mushroom weigh and decrease in time to first harvest. Supplementation improved biological efficiency with Champfood providing a yield increase of 15% over the non-supplemented compost. Among the supplements only Promycel increased the individual mushroom weight. Ruffling overall improved the yield in the 2nd and 4th flush. Already biological efficiency was greater by 21%. The highest yield harvested in any single day in the crop occurred in 3rd flush with the amount of 2.484 kg of mushrooms per m2 for the rapid induction method. Still the biological efficiency was not significantly affected by the mushroom induction temperature method. Only the fat content of the mushrooms was positively affected by the rapid induction of primordia. Champfood supplement promotes a reduction in the value of earliness and an increase of 1st flush yield. The ruffling technique provided an increase in biological efficiency due to the great number of mushrooms harvested. Rapid primordia induction allowed the crop cycle to end 3 days earlier than the slow primordia induction, providing a higher production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Pardo-Giménez
- Centro de Investigación, Experimentación y Servicios del Champiñón (CIES), Quintanar del Rey, Spain
| | - José Emilio Pardo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Danny Lee Rinker
- University of Guelph, Vineland Campus, VinelandStation, Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Diego Cunha Zied
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT), Dracena, Brazil.
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Zied DC, Pardo-Giménez A, de Oliveira GA, Carrasco J, Zeraik ML. Study of Waste Products as Supplements in the Production and Quality of Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:328-335. [PMID: 31388210 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the cultivated mushroom, the genus Pleurotus is the second largest produced worldwide and the most produced in Brazil. The application of agricultural by-products (wastes) as substrate supplement is an effective approach to generate quality food while promoting a circular economy in agriculture. The manuscript evaluates the three key aspects of this practice: (1) the response of different mushroom strains to supplementation, (2) the use of agricultural by-products with different N content, and (3) the efficacy of certain preliminary treatments applied to the supplements. To this end, production and nutritional quality of the mushroom were tested along the crop cycle. Compared to the control substrate, the yield increased by 11, 26, 30 and 42% in the first flush and by 86 and 31% in the second flush. Supplementation resulted in an increment of the fiber and protein content of mushroom and a decline of carbohydrate and lipid content of mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cunha Zied
- 1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus de Dracena, Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651, Bairro das Antes, Dracena, SP 17900-000 Brazil
| | - Arturo Pardo-Giménez
- Centro de Investigación, Experimentación y Servicios del Champiñón (CIES), C/Peñicas, s/n, Apdo. 63, 16220 Quintanar del Rey¸Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Carrasco
- 4Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, S Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3RB UK
| | - Maria Luiza Zeraik
- 3Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR 86051-990 Brazil
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Iossi MR, Cobos JDV, Alegria FJG, Zied DC. Pleurotus spp. cultivation on Brachiaria sp. straw treatment with alkaline water: Oyster mushroom and substrate treatment. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:64-67. [PMID: 30145264 PMCID: PMC6328809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous alkali-treated Brachiaria straw for the cultivation of appropriate species of oyster mushroom. The substrate used in the cultivation of various Pleurotus spp. was soaked for 20 min by using two different procedures: (i) 0.5–2.0% Ca(OH)2 in 100 L water, and (ii) 50–250 L water. As a result, 1% Ca(OH)2 dissolved in 100 L water and 3.5 kg of Brachiaria straw presented the best production. The most suitable species for the application of the present method were P. pulmonarius and P. sapidus. The success of this technique is directly related to the concentration of Ca(OH)2 and water, the species, and the origin and quality of raw material used as the substrate in the production of oyster mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Rodrigo Iossi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT), Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Diego Valenzuela Cobos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Gea Alegria
- Centro de Investigación, Experimentación y Servicios del Champiñón (CIES), Quintanar del Rey, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Diego Cunha Zied
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT), Dracena, SP, Brazil.
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Zied DC, Caitano CEC, Pardo-Gimenez A, Dias ES, Zeraik ML, Pardo JE. Using of Appropriated Strains in the Practice of Compost Supplementation for Agaricus subrufescens Production. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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