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Huang Y, Wang X, Yan C, Li C, Zhang L, Zhang L, Liang E, Liu T, Mao J. Effect of metformin on nonalcoholic fatty liver based on meta-analysis and network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31437. [PMID: 36316840 PMCID: PMC9622616 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metformin and NAFLD that may predict the metformin potential of these lesions and new prevention strategies in NAFLD patients. METHODS The meta-analysis was analyzed by Revman 5.3 softwares systematically searched for works published through July 29, 2022. Network pharmacology research based on databases, Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R software respectively. RESULTS The following variables were associated with metformin in NAFLD patients: decreased of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (mean difference [MD] = -10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -21.85 to 0.16, P = .05); decreased of aspartate amino transferase (AST) level (MD = -4.82, 95% CI = -9.33 to -0.30, P = .04); decreased of triglyceride (TG) level (MD = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.08, P = .0002); decreased of total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.10, P = .003); decreased of insulin resistance (IR) level (MD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.02, P = .04). In addition, body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.65, 95% CI = -1.46 to 0.16, P = .12) had no association with metformin in NAFLD patients. 181 metformin targets and 868 NAFLD disease targets were interaction analyzed, 15 core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD were obtained. The effect of metformin on NAFLD mainly related to cytoplasm and protein binding, NAFLD, hepatitis B, pathway in cancer, toll like receptor signaling pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1A), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NFE2L2), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) may the core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Metformin might be a candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD which exhibits therapeutic effect on NAFLD patients associated with ALT, AST, TG, TC and IR while was not correlated with BMI. HIF1A, NFE2L2, NOS3, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SIRT1 might be core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- An Shun City People’s Hospital, Anshun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | - E Liang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | | | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Mao, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China (e-mail: )
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Cao Y, Shi J, Song L, Xu J, Lu H, Sun J, Hou J, Chen J, Wu W, Gong L. Multi-Omics Integration Analysis Identifies Lipid Disorder of a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Mouse Model Improved by Zexie–Baizhu Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858795. [PMID: 35795562 PMCID: PMC9251488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly epidemic metabolic disease with complex pathogenesis. Multi-target therapy may be an effective strategy for NAFLD treatment, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characterized by multi-ingredients and multi-targets has unique advantages in long-term clinical practice. Zexie–Baizhu (ZXBZ) decoction is a Chinese classical formula to treat body fluid disorders initially. Although many bioactive monomers from Zexie and Baizhu had been discovered to improve lipid disorders, limited research studies were focused on the aqueous decoction of ZXBZ, the original clinical formulation. In the current study, we identified 94% chemical composition of ZXBZ decoction and first discovered its hepaprotective effect in a gubra-amylin NASH (GAN) diet-induced NAFLD mouse model. Based on metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, we speculated that lipid and glucose metabolisms might be regulated by ZXBZ decoction, which was further confirmed by improved dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in ZXBZ groups. Consistently with cross-omics analysis, we discovered ZXBZ decoction could influence two energy sensors, Sirt1 and AMPK, and subsequently affect related proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. In conclusion, ZXBZ decoction regulated energy sensors, consequently impeded lipogenesis, and promoted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to alleviate lipid disorders and protect the liver in NAFLD models, which suggested ZXBZ decoction might be a promising treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjiu Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Henglei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Likun Gong, ; Wanying Wu, ; Jing Chen, ; Jinjun Hou,
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Likun Gong, ; Wanying Wu, ; Jing Chen, ; Jinjun Hou,
| | - Wanying Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Likun Gong, ; Wanying Wu, ; Jing Chen, ; Jinjun Hou,
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Likun Gong, ; Wanying Wu, ; Jing Chen, ; Jinjun Hou,
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Sun X, Huang Y, Zhu S, Yan J, Gan K, Xu Z, Wang S, Kang X, Zhang J, Sun W. Yishen Qingli Heluo Granule in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:769-787. [PMID: 35355655 PMCID: PMC8959874 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s348335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Yishen Qingli Heluo granule (YQHG) is representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remedy for clinical treatment of CKD. This study aims to explore the mechanism of YQHG on CKD through network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and wide-scale literature mining were applied to screen active compounds of YQHG. Multiple bioinformatic tools and online databases were applied by us to obtain relevant targets of YQHG and CKD. The intersection targets between YQHG and CKD were considered as candidate targets. The compound-target, herb-candidate target and protein–protein interaction networks were constructed and visualized for topological analyses. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to determine the biological processes and signaling pathways. Molecular docking was used to verify the reliability of network pharmacology. Finally, pharmacological evaluation was performed to explore the mechanism of YQHG against CKD on a 5/6 nephrectomy model. Results Seventy-nine candidate targets, ten core biological processes and one key signaling pathway (p53) were screened. PTGS2 was identified as a key target based on H-CT network. The molecular docking showed that Quercetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin were three key compounds with the best binding activity. In addition, IL6 and Quercetin could form a stable complex with high binding affinity (−7.29 kcal/mol). In vivo experiment revealed that YQHG improved kidney function and fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Moreover, the decreased expression of PTGS2, IL6, and the increased expression of p53 were observed in kidney tissue. Notably, the gut microbiota of rats treated with YQHG was reshaped, which was characterized by a reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota. Conclusion Our results predicted and verified the potential targets of YQHG on CKD from a holistic perspective, and provided valuable direction for the further research of YQHG. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/02pumepfbPI
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Gan
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Xu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Kang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
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Ge-Gen-Jiao-Tai-Wan Affects Type 2 Diabetic Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Primary Bile Acids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5585952. [PMID: 33953783 PMCID: PMC8064793 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Ge-Gen-Jiao-Tai-Wan (GGJTW) formula has been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China for a long time. Our previous study has proved that GGJTW could alleviate the type 2 diabetic symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in gut microbiota and primary bile acids (PBAs) to determine the potential mechanisms of GGJTW in treating T2DM.The fecal transplant method and pseudogerm-free rats were used in our study.The16S rRNA gene sequencing method was used to analyze the changes in the intestinal flora, and PBAs in the colon contents were detected. Finally, the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled membrane receptor 5 (TGR5), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was assessed. Following GGJTW treatment, we observed a decrease in blood glucose levels and improvements in glucose tolerance and serum lipid levels. Furthermore, we found that GGJTW could regulate the composition of the gut microbiota and upregulate the diabetic beneficial phylum Firmicutes and bile-acid-related genus Lactobacillus. PBAs in the colon contents were increased in the GGJTW-treated group, accompanied by upregulated expression of the bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 and increased concentrations of GLP-1. These results indicated that GGJTW could alleviate symptoms of type 2 diabetic rats by regulating the gut microbiota, promoting the production of PBAs, and upregulating the PBA-FXR/TGR5-GLP-1 pathway.
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Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi Decoction Alleviates Inflammatory Response in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model Rats through Modulating Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5522755. [PMID: 33824675 PMCID: PMC8007356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction (JGXZ), composed of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Panax notoginseng, Curcuma zedoaria, and other 9 types of herbs, has demonstrated beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms behind JGXZ's impact on NAFLD remain unknown. Methods In this study, a NAFLD rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) received oral treatment of JGXZ (8 or 16 g crude herb/kg) for 12 weeks. The therapeutic effects of JGXZ on NAFLD model rats were investigated through blood lipid levels and pathological liver changes. 16S rRNA analysis was used to study the changes in gut microbiota after JGXZ treatment. The expressions of occludin and tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) in the colon were investigated using immunostaining to study the effects of JGXZ on gut permeability. The anti-inflammatory effects of JGXZ were also studied through measuring the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and liver. Results JGXZ treatment could decrease body weight and ameliorate dyslipidemia in NAFLD model rats. H&E and Oil Red O staining indicated that JGXZ reduced steatosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver. 16S rRNA analysis showed that JGXZ impacted the diversity of gut microbiota, decreasing the Firmicutes–to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and increasing the relative abundance of probiotics, such as Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter. Gut permeability evaluation found that the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon were increased after JGXZ treatment. Moreover, JGXZ treatment could decrease the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and liver. Conclusions Our study illustrated that JGXZ could ameliorate NAFLD through modulating gut microbiota, decreasing gut permeability, and alleviating inflammatory response.
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Hung TC, Zhao N, Huang C, Liu S, Liu T, Huang W, Xu X, Ji ZL, Yang S. Exploring the mechanism of PingTang No.5 capsule on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through network pharmacology and experimental validation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111408. [PMID: 33684693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PingTang No.5 capsule (PT5), a modified Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula of Zexie Decoction, is used to treat patients with lipid metabolism disorders in our hospital. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of PT5 in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PT5 information including ingredients, pharmacological properties, and potential targets was obtained from TCM databases. The candidate targets of PT5 were predicted by network pharmacological analysis, and the possible pathway and mechanism were obtained from DAVID database, followed by experimental validation in NAFLD mice model treated with PT5. Total 328 compounds were selected using the threshold oral bioactivity (OB) > 30% or drug-likeness (DL) > 0.1 of pharmacology characteristic, and 1033 candidate targets obtained to construct the network analysis. The 113 targets were selected from the intersection between candidate targets of PT5 and NAFLD relative gene. These targets were evaluated in diabetic complications, cancer, Hepatitis B, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and TNF signaling pathway. TNF-α was the important factor in protein interaction analysis of STRING and involved in the lipid regulation and oxidative stress in NAFLD. When administrated to the NAFLD mice, PT5 reduced weight, blood fatty acids, decreased the adipocyte size, and improved the metabolism. Besides, the molecular verification of lipid metabolism increased and oxidative stress reduced that interpreted the mechanism of PT5 preventing liver cell from lipid accumulation and injury of NAFLD. These results presented PT5 have the potential therapy as an alternative treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chieh Hung
- Traditional Chinese Medicine research studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Nengjiang Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine research studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine research studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wenfang Huang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Hospital of T.C.M., Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine research studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine research studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.
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Zhao T, Wang Z, Liu Z, Xu Y. Pivotal Role of the Interaction Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota on Disease Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:336-346. [PMID: 32208116 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200324151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the recognition of the important role of gut microbiota in both health and disease progression, attempts to modulate its composition, as well as its co-metabolism with the organism, have attracted special attention. Abundant studies have demonstrated that dysfunction or imbalance of gut microbiota is closely related to disease progression, including endocrine diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Herbal medicines have been applied to prevent and treat diseases worldwide for hundreds of years. Although the underlying mechanism seems to be complex, one of the important ones is through modulating gut microbiota. In this review, co-metabolism between herbal medicines and microbiota, as well as the potential pathways are summarized from most recent published papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhe Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
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Cui H, Li Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Yang L, Wang L, Liao J, Wang H, Peng Y, Zhang Z, Wang H, Liu X. Da-Chai-Hu Decoction Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Remodeling the Gut Microbiota and Modulating the Serum Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584090. [PMID: 33328987 PMCID: PMC7732620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis in gut microbiota could affect host metabolism and contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Da-Chai-Hu decoction (DCH) has demonstrated protective effects on NAFLD, however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a NAFLD rat model using a high fat diet (HFD) and provided treatment with DCH. The changes in gut microbiota post DCH treatment were then investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, serum untargeted metabolomics were performed to examine the metabolic regulations of DCH on NAFLD. Our results showed that DCH treatment improved the dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR) and ameliorated pathological changes in NAFLD model rats. 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics showed significant dysfunction in gut microbiota community and serum metabolites in NAFLD model rats. DCH treatment restored the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and improved the dysfunction in serum metabolism. Correlation analysis indicated that the modulatory effects of DCH on the arachidonic acid (AA), glycine/serine/threonine, and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways were related to alterations in the abundance of Romboutsia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Lachnoclostridium and Enterobacteriaceae in the gut microflora. In conclusion, our study revealed the ameliorative effects of DCH on NAFLD and indicated that DCH's function on NAFLD may link to the improvement of the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the modulation of the AA, glycerophospholipid, and glycine/serine/threonine metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabao Liao
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Haoshuo Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaiyi Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Kang-Xian Pills Inhibit Inflammatory Response and Decrease Gut Permeability to Treat Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Chronic Hepatic Injury through Modulating Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8890182. [PMID: 33144872 PMCID: PMC7596455 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kang-Xian (KX) pills have been clinically used for the treatment of chronic hepatic injury (CHI). However, the mechanisms of KX on CHI remain unknown. The aim of this study mainly focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of KX in a CHI mouse model based on modulating gut microbiota and gut permeability. We first established a CHI model using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and treated it with KX. The anti-inflammatory effects of KX on CHI model mice and the changes in gut permeability after KX treatment were also investigated. 16S rRNA analysis was used to study the changes of gut microbiota composition after KX treatment. In addition, gut microbiota was depleted using a combination of antibiotics in order to further confirm that KX could inhibit the inflammatory response and decrease gut permeability to treat CHI by modulating the gut microbiota. Results showed that KX treatment significantly improved liver function in CHI model mice. KX could also increase the levels of tight junction proteins in the colon and decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver. 16S rRNA analysis indicated that KX treatment affected the alpha and beta diversities in CHI model mice. Further analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that KX treatment increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. At the genus level, KX treatment increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia and decreased the relative abundance of Ralstonia, Alloprevotella, and Lachnoclostridium. However, KX could not alleviate CHI after depleting the gut microbiota. The effects of KX on gut permeability and inflammatory response in the liver were also decreased following the depletion of gut microbiota. In conclusion, our current study demonstrated that gut microbiota was significantly affected during CHI progression. KX could inhibit the inflammatory response and decrease the gut permeability in CHI model mice through modulating the gut microbiota.
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Role of Chrysophanol in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer Cell Lines via a Wnt-3-Dependent Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8373715. [PMID: 33014112 PMCID: PMC7512067 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8373715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer belongs to the group of head and neck cancers. If not diagnosed or treated early, it can be life threatening. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tumor formation and progression. An increase in the presence of the EMT phenotype causes tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and poor prognosis. Therefore, attenuating carcinogenesis via EMT inhibition is a good strategy. Herein, we will determine the pharmacological effects of chrysophanol on the EMT in FaDu cells. To analyze EMT, we detected the expression EMT markers, including α-SMA, β-catenin, vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, phospho-GSK-3β, and nuclear translocations of p65 and β-catenin by western blotting. Additionally, accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate EMT. Our results showed that the level of ROS was significantly increased after chrysophanol treatment. We further speculated that chrysophanol-mediated EMT and metastasis are involved in the Wnt-3-dependent signaling pathway. The inhibition of the EMT phenotype and metastasis and accumulation of ROS caused by chrysophanol was reversed by treatment with the Wnt-3 agonist Bml 284. Therefore, our findings indicated that chrysophanol altered EMT formation, ROS accumulation, and metastasis via the Wnt-3-dependent signaling pathway.
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Tung YC, Liang ZR, Chou SF, Ho CT, Kuo YL, Cheng KC, Lu TJ, Chang YC, Pan MH. Fermented Soy Paste Alleviates Lipid Accumulation in the Liver by Regulating the AMPK Pathway and Modulating Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9345-9357. [PMID: 32786868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease due to lipid accumulation in the hepatocyte. Diet, especially a high-fat diet, is one risk factor that leads to NAFLD. Many natural compounds such as isoflavones have antiobesity effects. Therefore, intake of these functional compounds through daily dietary choices is a method of improving health. Miso is a kind of fermented soy paste, which is rich in isoflavones and has a different biological activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of fermented soy paste on NAFLD in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that 2% fermented soy paste decreased serum triacylglycerol (TG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and reduced lipid accumulation in the liver through induced fatty acid oxidation by activating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and increasing PGC1α and CPT1α protein expression. Furthermore, we found that 2% fermented soy paste increased the abundance of Prevotellaceae NK3B31 and Desulfovibrio. Taken together, fermented soy paste improved HFD-induced lipid accumulation in the liver by activating fatty acid oxidation and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Rong Liang
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - San-Fang Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban-Chiao, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Biotools Co., Ltd, 221, New Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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12
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Narayanankutty A. Toll-like Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Natural Products Against Chronic Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1068-1080. [PMID: 30806312 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190222181506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are one among the initial responders of the immune system which participate in the activation inflammatory processes. Several different types of TLR such as TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 have been identified in various cell types, each having distinct ligands like lipids, lipoproteins, nucleic acids and proteins. Though its prime concern is xenobiotic defences, TLR signalling has also recognized as an activator of inflammation and associated development of chronic degenerative disorders (CDDs) including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), fatty liver disease, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders as well as various types of cancers. Numerous drugs are in use to prevent these disorders, which specifically inhibit different pathways associated with the development of CDDs. Compared to these drug targets, inhibition of TLR, which specifically responsible for the inflammatory insults has proven to be a better drug target. Several natural products have emerged as inhibitors of CDDs, which specifically targets TLR signalling, among these, many are in the clinical trials. This review is intended to summarize the recent progress on TLR association with CDDs and to list possible use of natural products, their combinations and their synthetic derivative in the prevention of TLR-driven CDD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, 680 555, India
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13
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Chrysophanol Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Upregulating Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and the Unfolded Protein Response. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8426051. [PMID: 32714424 PMCID: PMC7355365 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8426051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a vital driver of liver fibrosis. Recent research efforts have emphasized the clearance of activated HSCs by apoptosis, senescence, or reversion to the quiescent state. LPS induces human HSC activation directly and contributes to liver disease progression. Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of chrysophanol in an LPS-induced activated rat HSC cell line (HSC-T6). The fibrosis phenotype was identified from the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and integrin β1 by western blot analysis. We examined DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. We detected the apoptotic markers p53 and cleaved caspase-3 by western blot analysis. Intracellular ROS were labeled with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and the levels were measured by flow cytometry. Finally, we evaluated the ER stress markers binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) by Western blot analysis. Our results showed that chrysophanol decreased HSC-T6 cell viability in LPS-induced activated HSCs. Chrysophanol increased the expression of α-SMA, CTGF, integrin βI, p53, cleaved caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation. Chrysophanol also elevated ROS levels and increased the expression of BiP and CHOP. Pretreatment with chrysophanol prevented LPS-induced HSC-T6 cell activation by upregulating apoptosis, ROS accumulation, unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, and the UPR proapoptotic effect.
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14
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Shimozato N, Namisaki T, Kaji K, Kitade M, Okura Y, Sato S, Moriya K, Seki K, Kawaratani H, Takaya H, Sawada Y, Saikawa S, Nakanishi K, Furukawa M, Fujinaga Y, Kubo T, Asada K, Kitagawa K, Tsuji Y, Kaya D, Ozutsumi T, Akahane T, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H. Combined effect of a farnesoid X receptor agonist and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on hepatic fibrosis. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:1147-1161. [PMID: 31177586 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has a broad clinicopathological spectrum (inflammation to severe fibrosis). The farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) ameliorates the histological features of NASH; satisfactory antifibrotic effects have not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the combined effects of OCA + a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) on hepatic fibrogenesis in a rat model of NASH. METHODS Fifty Fischer 344 rats were fed a choline-deficient L-amino-acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 12 weeks. The in vitro and in vivo effects of OCA + sitagliptin were assessed along with hepatic fibrogenesis, lipopolysaccharide-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) regulatory cascade and intestinal barrier function. Direct inhibitory effects of OCA + sitagliptin on activated hepatic stellate cells (Ac-HSCs) were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Treatment with OCA + sitagliptin potentially inhibited hepatic fibrogenesis along with Ac-HSC proliferation and hepatic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, α1(I)-procollagen, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA expression and hydroxyproline levels. Obeticholic acid inhibited hepatic TLR4 expression and increased hepatic matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Obeticholic acid decreased intestinal permeability by ameliorating CDAA diet-induced zonula occludens-1 disruption, whereas sitagliptin directly inhibited Ac-HSC proliferation. The in vitro suppressive effects of OCA + sitagliptin on TGF-β1 and α1(I)-procollagen mRNA expression and p38 phosphorylation in Ac-HSCs were almost consistent. Sitagliptin directly inhibited the regulation of Ac-HSC. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with OCA + sitagliptin synergistically affected hepatic fibrogenesis by counteracting endotoxemia induced by intestinal barrier dysfunction and suppressing Ac-HSC proliferation. Thus, OCA + sitagliptin could be a promising therapeutic strategy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Shimozato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Kitade
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Seki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Soichiro Saikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Furukawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Asada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ozutsumi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Mitoro
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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15
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Gut Microbiota-Mediated NLRP12 Expression Drives the Attenuation of Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9839474. [PMID: 31061672 PMCID: PMC6466890 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9839474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction (QCWZD) is a newly developed, effective traditional Chinese herbal formulation for ulcerative colitis (UC). In earlier studies, we found that QCWZD could relieve the clinical symptoms of UC patients, reduce inflammation, and improve the intestinal barrier function in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced UC rats. However, the relationship between QCWZD and the gut microbiota in colitis was not clarified. In this study, we established a rat model of DSS-induced UC and then investigated the regulatory effects of QCWZD on the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA analysis. We also determined the expression of NLRP12 after QCWZD administration. Our findings suggested that QCWZD administration could modulate gut microbiota composition and selectively promote the protective strains such as Butyricimonas, Blautia, and Odoribacter, whereas the enteric pathogens including Clostridium and Dorea were significantly reduced after QCWZD treatment. It is noteworthy that QCWZD administration was identified to promote gut microbiota-mediated NLRP12 expression by inhibiting the activity of the TLR4/Blimp-1 axis. In conclusion, our study supports the potential of QCWZD administration as a beneficial therapeutic strategy for UC.
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