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Khalil S, Donthi D, Gru AA. Cutaneous Reactive B-cell Lymphoid Proliferations. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:898-916. [PMID: 35656820 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH), also known as cutaneous pseudolymphoma, is a spectrum of benign conditions characterized by reactive B- and T-cell cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates. B-cell lymphoid proliferations are a heterogenous group of non-neoplastic cutaneous diseases that must be histopathologically distinguished from cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. These proliferations can be observed as reactive phenomena to infections, medications, allergens, neoplasms, and more. Further, there are many inflammatory conditions that present with reactive B-cell infiltrates, including actinic prurigo, Zoon balanitis, Rosai-Dorfman, and cutaneous plasmacytosis. This review summarizes multiple cutaneous B-cell lymphoid proliferations within the major categories of reactive and disease-associated CLH. Further we discuss major discriminating features of atypical CLH and malignancy. Understanding the specific patterns of B-cell CLH is essential for the proper diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with such lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Khalil
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego
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Calugareanu A, Cordoliani F, Battistella M, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Lepelletier C, Bagot M, Bouaziz JD, Auffranc JC, Jachiet M, Petit A. [Cutaneous plasmacytosis with Darier's sign in a woman of European origin]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:552-557. [PMID: 32334844 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous plasmacytosis is a rare skin condition first described in 1976 and it is seen mainly in patients of Asian descent. Patients usually present with multiple reddish-brown macules and nodules chiefly on the trunk and face, with clusters of well-differentiated plasma cells in the dermis. The aetiopathogenesis and nosological features of this entity remain obscure. We report herein a case of cutaneous plasmacytosis in a European middle-aged woman with presence of Darier's sign. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 56-year-old woman of European descent presented with asymptomatic hyperpigmented patches affecting the dorsal aspect of her trunk for at least two years. Darier's sign was present in some episodes. Cutaneous biopsy showed a moderately dense interstitial and perivascular infiltrate containing numerous well-differentiated mature plasma cells affecting the entire dermal surface. Kappa and lambda immunochemistry demonstrated polyclonal plasma cell infiltrates with absence of light-chain restriction. Immunohistochemical examination was negative for HHV-8 and Treponema pallidum spirochetes. Laboratory findings revealed hypergammaglobulinaemia with no monoclonal bands being detected on immunofixation. A diagnosis of cutaneous plasmacytosis was made. In the absence of systemic involvement initial management consisted of clinical surveillance. DISCUSSION The characteristic clinico-pathological features of CP allowed diagnosis of this skin condition in our patient, although it is very rarely reported in patients of European descent. The main differential diagnoses were ruled out, namely plasmacytic infiltrates related to infections and marginal B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calugareanu
- Service de dermatologie, université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - F Cordoliani
- Service de dermatologie, université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Battistella
- Anatomopathologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - C Lepelletier
- Service de dermatologie, université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Bagot
- Service de dermatologie, université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-D Bouaziz
- Service de dermatologie, université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - M Jachiet
- Service de dermatologie, université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Petit
- Service de dermatologie, université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
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Lee J, Lee JK, Kim J, Choi US, Seo KW. Multiple cutaneous plasmacytosis with multilobated (clover-leaf shaped) nuclei cells in a dog. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:348-352. [PMID: 32056392 PMCID: PMC7397912 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12‐year‐old female Shih‐tzu dog was presented with a 2‐month history of cutaneous non‐pruritic multiple ulcerated or crusted nodules of less than 1.5 cm in diameter on eyelids, lips, abdomen, groin, thighs and perianal region. Several diagnostic tests were performed, including fine needle aspiration and skin biopsy of the cutaneous nodules. Cytologic interpretation was round cell neoplasm with multilobated (clover‐leaf shaped) nuclei. Histopathology revealed round neoplastic cells with prominent anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, and numerous mitotic figures; however, the origin of the cells was not identified. Immunohistochemical evaluation indicated that these cells were positive for CD79a and MUM‐1, but negative for CD3, CD20 and Pax 5. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, and the skin condition improved. Despite good response to chemotherapy, the patient was euthanized due to poor general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbok Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jawon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ul Soo Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan si, Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Laryngeal mucous membrane plasmacytosis with 15 year follow-up: Case report and literature review. Leuk Res Rep 2019; 13:100190. [PMID: 31867207 PMCID: PMC6906643 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucous membrane plasmacytosis (MMP) is an uncommon variant of mucositis represented by a polyclonal plasma cell infiltration of mucosal tissue. Various clinical presentations in the upper airway have been reported ranging from erythematous mucosa to fungating masses. Histologic features include mucosal epithelial hyperplasia or psoriasiform changes with a dense submucosal infiltrate of polytypic plasma cells. Molecular studies for immunoglobulin gene rearrangement should be performed in all cases of MMP to rule out clonal neoplastic expansion of plasma cells. We present a case of MMP with over 15 years of clinical follow-up, emphasizing the relatively benign clinical course of this disorder.
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