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Su S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Huang B, Jian C, Peng X, Vreysen MJB, Chen M. Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages. INSECTS 2022; 13:837. [PMID: 36135538 PMCID: PMC9501558 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grapholita molesta is one of the most serious pests in fruits orchards. Flight performance of male insects and fecundity of female insects are important quality control parameters when moths are mass-reared for use in environment-friendly control strategies such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, information about flight performance, fecundity, and ovary development of G. molesta at different ages is scarce. In this study, we used a flight mill information system to measure the flight ability of female and male adults of G. molesta at different ages, and evaluated fecundity and ovarian development of female adults at different ages. The results demonstrated that the flight parameters (cumulative flight distance, cumulative flight time, maximum flight distance and maximum flight duration) of female and male G. molesta varied with age. Six-day-old female moths and three-day-old male moths were the strongest fliers, whereas the fecundity of one-day and two-day-old female moths was significantly lower than that of three to seven-day-old females. Five-day-old females had the highest fecundity. Their ovaries demonstrated mature eggs in the lateral and middle oviducts as of the third day post-emergence. It is suggested that the optimal age for moths to be released in SIT programs is three days, and moths older three days can be used for mass-rearing in a factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Baojian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chengzhi Jian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Marc J. B. Vreysen
- Joint FAO/IAEA Programme, Entomology Unit, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-2444 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Iza-Campos G, Penteado-Dias A. The rare genus Therophilus Wesmael (Braconidae: Agathidinae) in Brazil with description of two new species. Zootaxa 2021; 5005:596-600. [PMID: 34810596 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two new species of Therophilus Wesmael (Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Brazil are described: T. shimborii sp. n. and T. onodyi sp. n. Maps with the collection sites of both species are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Iza-Campos
- Universidade Federal de So CarlosPrograma de Ps-Graduao em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais. Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, CEP 13565-905, So Carlos, SP, Brazil..
| | - Anglica Penteado-Dias
- Universidade Federal de So CarlosDepartamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, CEP 13565-905So Carlos, SP, Brazil..
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Progeny fitness determines the performance of the parasitoid Therophilus javanus, a prospective biocontrol agent against the legume pod borer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8990. [PMID: 33903703 PMCID: PMC8076171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta) is an exotic larval endoparasitoid newly imported from Asia into Africa as a classical biological control agent against the pod borer Maruca vitrata (Fabricius). The parasitoid preference for the five larval instars of M. vitrata and their influence on progeny sex ratio were assessed together with the impact of larval host age at the time of oviposition on development time, mother longevity and offspring production. In a choice situation, female parasitoids preferred to oviposit in the first three larval instars. The development of immature stages of the parasitoid was observed inside three-day-old hosts, whereby the first two larval instars of T. javanus completed their development as endoparasites and the third larval instar as ectoparasite. The development time was faster when first larval instars (two- and three-day-old) of the host caterpillars were parasitized compared to second larval instar (four-day-old). The highest proportion of daughters (0.51) was observed when females were provided with four-day-old hosts. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.21 ± 0.01), the lowest rate of increase (λ) (1.23 ± 0.01), and the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro) (35.93 ± 6.51) were recorded on four-day-old hosts. These results are discussed in the light of optimizing mass rearing and release strategies.
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Favoreto AL, Domingues MM, Serrão JE, Ribeiro MF, Silva CAD, Zanuncio JC, Wilcken CF. Courtship, Mating Behavior, and Ovary Histology of the Nymph Parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6228352. [PMID: 33861348 PMCID: PMC8051176 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of the parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek for the biological control of the eucalyptus pest Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) nymphs is high. This research sought to analyze the courtship, male competition, and mating behavior of P. bliteus at the proportions of 1:1 and 2:1 males to female in a Petri dish (5 cm diameter), and to describe the ovary histology of virgin and mated females of this parasitoid. At 1:1, males touch the antennae and thorax-abdomen of females during courtship, but females avoid mate attempts before they are 48 h old. At 2:1, the competition between male parasitoids inhibits mating. The histology of ovaries of virgin and mated P. bliteus females is similar, with two well-defined germarium and vitellarium regions, with oocytes at different developmental stages, including mature ones rich in yolk and with eggshell. A clearer understanding of the reproductive behavior and histology of P. bliteus aids in the use of this parasitoid for the biological control of G. brimblecombei.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Favoreto
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brasil
| | - M M Domingues
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brasil
| | - J E Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brasil
| | - M F Ribeiro
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brasil
| | - C A D Silva
- Embrapa Algodão, Av. Oswaldo Cruz, 1143, Campina Grande, PB 58428-095, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-90, Brasil
| | - C F Wilcken
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brasil
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