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Amroodi MN, Maghsoudloo M, Amiri S, Mokhtari K, Mohseni P, Pourmarjani A, Jamali B, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Tabrizian P, Entezari M, Hashemi M, Wan R. Unraveling the molecular and immunological landscape: Exploring signaling pathways in osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116954. [PMID: 38906027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone density and microarchitecture, represents a significant global health challenge, particularly in aging populations. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, providing valuable insights into the pivotal role of signal transduction in maintaining bone homeostasis. The exploration encompasses cellular signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and TGF-β, all of which play crucial roles in bone remodeling. The dysregulation of these pathways is a contributing factor to osteoporosis, necessitating a profound understanding of their complexities to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying bone loss. The review highlights the pathological significance of disrupted signaling in osteoporosis, emphasizing how these deviations impact the functionality of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately resulting in heightened bone resorption and compromised bone formation. A nuanced analysis of the intricate crosstalk between these pathways is provided to underscore their relevance in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the study addresses some of the most crucial long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with osteoporosis, adding an additional layer of academic depth to the exploration of immune system involvement in various types of osteoporosis. Finally, we propose that SKP1 can serve as a potential biomarker in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parnaz Mohseni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Pourmarjani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behdokht Jamali
- Department of microbiology and genetics, kherad Institute of higher education, Busheher, lran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Tabrizian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Faienza MF, Giardinelli S, Annicchiarico A, Chiarito M, Barile B, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5873. [PMID: 38892062 PMCID: PMC11172758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is the result of a tightly regulated balance between bone modeling and bone remodeling, and alterations of these processes have been observed in several diseases both in adult and pediatric populations. The imbalance in bone remodeling can ultimately lead to osteoporosis, which is most often associated with aging, but contributing factors can already act during the developmental age, when over a third of bone mass is accumulated. The maintenance of an adequate bone mass is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as physical activity and diet, and particularly by an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. In addition, it has been claimed that the integration of specific nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, isoflavones, lycopene, curcumin, lutein, and β-carotene and the intake of bioactive compounds from the diet such as honey, tea, dried plums, blueberry, and olive oil can be efficient strategies for bone loss prevention. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are largely used to provide medical or health benefits, but there is an urge to determine which products have adequate clinical evidence and a strong safety profile. The aim of this review is to explore the scientific and clinical evidence of the positive role of nutraceuticals and functional food in bone health, focusing both on molecular mechanisms and on real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Silvia Giardinelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Annicchiarico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
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Kafadar İH, Yalçın Y, Çakar B. Vitamin D3 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on fracture union in an experimental rat model. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2024; 35:121-129. [PMID: 38108173 PMCID: PMC10746913 DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the influences of vitamin D3 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fracture union in rats radiologically, histologically, and biomechanically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (mean weight: 435±31.15 g; range, 398 to 510 g) were indiscriminately separated into four groups, with 12 rats in each: Group 1 was the control group, Group 2 received vitamin D3, Group 3 received omega-3 PUFA, and Group 4 received both vitamin D3 and omega-3 PUFA. One day after surgery, only one intramuscular dose of 50,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 was administered to Group 2. From the first postoperative day until sacrification, 300 mg/kg omega-3 PUFA by oral feeding was administered to Group 3. In Group 4, both an intramuscular dose of 50,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 on the initial postoperative day and 300 mg/kg omega-3 PUFA were administered by oral feeding until sacrification. All rats were sacrificed by intracardiac potassium injection at the sixth postoperative week, and radiological, biomechanical, and histological studies were conducted. RESULTS According to the radiological scores, the best scores were obtained in Group 4, and callus density and ossification were advanced in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1. There was no statistically significant distinction between Groups 3 and 4, while a significant distinction was found between Group 4 and Groups 1 and 2. Biomechanically, the advanced values were attained in Groups 1 and 3. However, there was no statistically significant distinction among the groups. Histologically, although the advanced scores were attained in Groups 3 and 4, there was no statistically significant distinction among the groups. CONCLUSION The use of omega-3 PUFA together with vitamin D3 might have beneficial influences on fracture union. In the future, the combination of omega-3 PUFA and vitamin D3 might be used as an encouraging treatment choice that contributes to fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Halil Kafadar
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dalı, 38030 Melikgazi, Kayseri, Türkiye.
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Anagnostis P, Florentin M, Livadas S, Lambrinoudaki I, Goulis DG. Bone Health in Patients with Dyslipidemias: An Underestimated Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031639. [PMID: 35163560 PMCID: PMC8835770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond being aging-related diseases, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share common pathogenetic pathways implicated in bone and vascular mineralization. However, the contributory role of dyslipidemia in this interplay is less documented. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide epidemiological evidence regarding the prevalence of bone disease (osteoporosis, fracture risk) in patients with dyslipidemias and to discuss potential common pathophysiological mechanisms linking osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The effect of hypolipidemic therapy on bone metabolism is also discussed. Despite the high data heterogeneity and the variable quality of studies, dyslipidemia, mainly elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, is associated with low bone mass and increased fracture risk. This effect may be mediated directly by the increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation associated with dyslipidemia, leading to increased osteoclastic activity and reduced bone formation. Moreover, factors such as estrogen, vitamin D and K deficiency, and increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone, homocysteine and lipid oxidation products, can also contribute. Regarding the effect of hypolipidemic medications on bone metabolism, statins may slightly increase BMD and reduce fracture risk, although the evidence is not robust, as it is for omega-3 fatty acids. No evidence exists for the effects of ezetimibe, fibrates, and niacin. In any case, more prospective studies are needed further to elucidate the association between lipids and bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-257150; Fax: +30-2310-281179
| | - Matilda Florentin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | | | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Newman H, Shih YV, Varghese S. Resolution of inflammation in bone regeneration: From understandings to therapeutic applications. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121114. [PMID: 34488119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired bone healing occurs in 5-10% of cases following injury, leading to a significant economic and clinical impact. While an inflammatory response upon injury is necessary to facilitate healing, its resolution is critical for bone tissue repair as elevated acute or chronic inflammation is associated with impaired healing in patients and animal models. This process is governed by important crosstalk between immune cells through mediators that contribute to resolution of inflammation in the local healing environment. Approaches modulating the initial inflammatory phase followed by its resolution leads to a pro-regenerative environment for bone regeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in bone repair, the negative impact of dysregulated inflammation on bone tissue regeneration, and how timely resolution of inflammation is necessary to achieve normal healing. We will discuss applications of biomaterials to treat large bone defects with a specific focus on resolution of inflammation to modulate the immune environment following bone injury, and their observed functional benefits. We conclude the review by discussing future strategies that could lead to the realization of anti-inflammatory therapeutics for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Newman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yuru Vernon Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Bao M, Zhang K, Wei Y, Hua W, Gao Y, Li X, Ye L. Therapeutic potentials and modulatory mechanisms of fatty acids in bone. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12735. [PMID: 31797479 PMCID: PMC7046483 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that includes bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the predominant cell types associated with bone metabolism, which is facilitated by other cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), osteocytes and chondrocytes. As an important component in our daily diet, fatty acids are mainly categorized as long‐chain fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs), saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), medium‐/short‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs/SCFAs) as well as their metabolites. Fatty acids are closely associated with bone metabolism and associated bone disorders. In this review, we summarized the important roles and potential therapeutic implications of fatty acids in multiple bone disorders, reviewed the diverse range of critical effects displayed by fatty acids on bone metabolism, and elucidated their modulatory roles and mechanisms on specific bone cell types. The evidence supporting close implications of fatty acids in bone metabolism and disorders suggests fatty acids as potential therapeutic and nutritional agents for the treatment and prevention of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyini Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Arsic A, Pesic G, Petrovic S, Matic A, Jeremic J, Jakovljevic V, Vucic V. Adverse plasma fatty acid composition in patients with femoral neck fracture 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:61-66. [PMID: 31491342 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the status of plasma fatty acids (FAs), inflammatory markers, and lipid peroxidation in patients with femoral neck fractures. The study included 20 patients (64-86 years) with femoral neck fractures indicated for surgery and a control group of 17 elderly subjects without fractures or serious chronic diseases. Plasma was obtained during the first 12 h postfracture and presurgery and 7 days postop. Compared to the control, patients had significantly higher saturated FA (SFA) and monounsaturated FA as well as increased TNF-α and IL-6. Opposite to that, levels of individual and total n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), individual and total n-3 PUFA, n-6/n-3 ratio, and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were markedly lower in the patient than in the controls. On the seventh day after the surgery, we showed a further rise in the SFA, oleic acid, and TNF-α and reductions of n-6 PUFA and IL-6. Taken together, our results suggest that altered FA status, especially reduced PUFA, may influence hip fracture repair and even contribute to femoral fracture susceptibility in the elderly. A potential benefit from nutritional intervention with PUFA in prevention and (or) fracture healing should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Arsic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Pesic
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Snjezana Petrovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Matic
- Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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