An Unexpected Cause of Bradycardia in a Patient with Bacterial Meningitis

Optimal Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Heart Rate Level Classification Systems Using the Bird Swarm Algorithm

In this paper, the optimal designs of type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy systems for the classification of the heart rate level are presented. The contribution of this work is a proposed approach for achieving the optimal design of interval type-2 fuzzy systems for the classification of the heart rate in patients. The fuzzy rule base was designed based on the knowledge of experts. Optimization of the membership functions of the fuzzy systems is done in order to improve the classification rate and provide a more accurate diagnosis, and for this goal the Bird Swarm Algorithm was used. Two different type-1 fuzzy systems are designed and optimized, the first one with trapezoidal membership functions and the second with Gaussian membership functions. Once the best type-1 fuzzy systems have been obtained, these are considered as a basis for designing the interval type-2 fuzzy systems, where the footprint of uncertainty was optimized to find the optimal representation of uncertainty. After performing different tests with patients and comparing the classification rate of each fuzzy system, it is concluded that fuzzy systems with Gaussian membership functions provide a better classification than those designed with trapezoidal membership functions. Additionally, tests were performed with the Crow Search Algorithm to carry out a performance comparison, with Bird Swarm Algorithm being the one with the best results.