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Hanafy DA, Tamburian CZ, Rachmadi L, Wijaya GA, Suwatri WT, Sugisman. Effect of Selenium on Lung Injury Induced by Limb Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Vasc Specialist Int 2023; 39:36. [PMID: 37946370 PMCID: PMC10636257 DOI: 10.5758/vsi.230065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose : Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute limb ischemia, leading to damage to distant organs, including the lungs. A complex mechanism is involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of inflammatory mediators, and neutrophil activation. One strategy to reduce the damage is administering selenium, an antioxidant enzyme component that can bind ROS and protect cells. This study aimed to compare the degree of lung injury due to limb IRI in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with selenium administration versus those without selenium treatment. Materials and Methods : Fifteen male SD rats were divided into three groups: the control group (Group A), the ischemia-reperfusion with pre-reperfusion selenium (Group B), and the ischemia-reperfusion with post-reperfusion selenium (Group C). All animals underwent two hours of limb ischemia and three hours of reperfusion. Selenium was given intravenously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. After reperfusion, lung specimens were histopathologically examined. Results : The median degree of lung injury was severe in Group A, mild in Group B, and moderate in Group C (P=0.01). Post hoc analysis revealed a significant difference in the degree of lung injury between Groups A and B (P=0.01), while a comparison between Groups A and C (P=0.06) and Groups B and C (P=0.31) revealed no significant difference. Conclusion : The administration of pre-reperfusion selenium significantly decreases lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudy Arman Hanafy
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Christha Zenithy Tamburian
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lisnawati Rachmadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gerald Aldian Wijaya
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widya Trianita Suwatri
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sugisman
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Khalifa AA, Ali MA, Elsokkary NH, Elblehi SS, El-Mas MM. Mitochondrial modulation of amplified preconditioning influences of remote ischemia plus erythropoietin against skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Life Sci 2023; 329:121979. [PMID: 37516431 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion (S-I/R) injury is relieved by interventions like remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). Here, we tested the hypothesis that simultaneous exposure to a minimal dose of erythropoietin (EPO) boosts the protection conferred by RIPC against S-I/R injury and concomitant mitochondrial oxidative and apoptotic defects. MAIN METHODS S-I/R injury was induced in rats by 3-h right hindlimb ischemia followed by 3-h of reperfusion, whereas RIPC involved 3 brief consecutive I/R cycles of the contralateral hindlimb. KEY FINDINGS S-I/R injury caused (i) rises in serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase and falls in serum pyruvate, (ii) structural deformities like sarcoplasm vacuolations, segmental necrosis, and inflammatory cells infiltration, and (iii) decreased amplitude and increased duration of electromyography action potentials. These defects were partially ameliorated by RIPC and dose-dependently by EPO (500 or 5000 IU/kg). Further, greater repairs of S-I/R-evoked damages were seen after prior exposure to the combined RIPC/EPO-500 intervention. The latter also caused more effective (i) preservation of mitochondrial number (confocal microscopy assessed Mitotracker red staining) and function (citrate synthase activity), (ii) suppression of mitochondrial DNA damage and indices of oxidative stress and apoptosis (succinate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase, cardiolipin, and cytochrome c), (iii) preventing calcium and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) accumulation and glycogen consumption, and (iv) upregulating EPO receptors (EPO-R) gene expression. SIGNIFICANCE dual RIPC/EPO conditioning exceptionally mends structural, functional, and neuronal deficits caused by I/R injury and interrelated mitochondrial oxidative and apoptotic damage. Clinically, the utilization of relatively low EPO doses could minimize the hormone-related adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nahed H Elsokkary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Behera, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Wang L, Ding Y, Bai Y, Shi J, Li J, Wang X. The activation of SIRT3 by dexmedetomidine mitigates limb ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:319. [PMID: 35434046 PMCID: PMC9011293 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The lung is one of the most sensitive organs, and is vulnerable to injury caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR). Dexmedetomidine, an anesthetic adjunct, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on lung injury secondary to LIR. This study aimed to investigate the role of dexmedetomidine in ameliorating LIR-induced lung injury in a mouse model of bilateral hind LIR. Methods In this study, 75 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups to prepare the LIR model. After the model was established, arterial blood was extracted for blood gas analysis. The pathological changes of lung tissue, lung wet/dry weight ratio, arterial blood gas analysis, detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in oxidative stress indexes, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and cytochrome c content were measured, and the relative protein expression levels of sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) and apoptosis factor Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), B-cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase 3, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cytoplasmic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Results Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine dramatically ameliorated LIR-induced lung injury, the wet/dry weight ratio, the arterial blood gas parameters, and enhanced SIRT3 expression. Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibits ROS and MDA level and restores antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px). Of note, dexmedetomidine suppressed LIR-induced lung tissue apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-associated protein such as Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase 3. Moreover, dexmedetomidine inhibited the LIR-induced decreases in MMP, ATP levels, and the release of cytochrome c of LIR to maintain mitochondrial function. Latest study has shown that activating Nrf2 could promote SIRT3 expression to alleviate IR injury. Intriguingly, dexmedetomidine could facilitate nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic HO-1 expression. Conclusions Our findings suggest that dexmedetomidine protects against LIR-induced lung injury by inhibiting the oxidative response, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. The mechanism appears to be at least partly mediated through the upregulation of SIRT3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Teaching and Research Section of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yanling Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhui Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Teaching and Research Section of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Kamel NM, El-Tanbouly DM, Abdallah DM, Sayed HM. PAR1, a therapeutic target for remote lung injury associated with hind limb ischemia/reperfusion: ERK5/KLF2-dependent lung capillary barrier preservation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109809. [PMID: 35031271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is expressed in pneumocytes and endothelial cells of the alveolar barrier. Its activation by thrombin disrupts the barrier integrity dynamics and induces lung injury in in vitro and in vivo paradigms. Nonetheless, the role of PAR1, as a therapeutic target, in hind limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated remote lung injury has been unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential benefit of PAR1 blockade using the selective antagonist SCH79797 in distant lung dysfunction following hind limb I/R injury with special emphasis on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5)/Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) axis. Rats were subdivided into control, bilateral hind limb I/R, SCH79797, and SCH79797+BIX02189 (ERK5 inhibitor) groups. PAR1 blockade, ERK5-dependently, alleviated alveolar barrier disruption as evidenced by reductions in both pulmonary systemic leakage of surfactant protein-D and lung fluid accumulation with increase in pulmonary claudin 5, vascular endothelial cadherin, and connexin 37 levels. Such improvements are downstream targets of the ERK5/KLF2-mediated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) upregulated expression and pS536-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 inhibition. SCH79797 effectively impedes the evoked inflammatory response and oxidative burst by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil infiltration while boosting the glutathione antioxidant defense. Accordingly, PAR1 could be a therapeutic target, where its blockade mitigated pulmonary-endothelial barrier disruption via mutual S1PR1 enhancement and NF-κB p65 inhibition following ERK5/KLF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Dalia M El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Helmy M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Shi ZA, Li TT, Kang DL, Su H, Tu FP. Fingolimod attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis and modulating S1P metabolism. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211032806. [PMID: 34340580 PMCID: PMC8358582 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211032806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined whether the immunomodulator fingolimod (FTY720) could alleviate renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury and explored the potential mechanisms. Methods Renal I/R was established in a rat model, and FTY720 (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally after 15 minutes of ischemia. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the mRNA expression of the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-related signaling pathway genes sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) and sphingosine kinase-2 were analyzed in lung tissue. Results Increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels; increased apoptosis; and increased S1P lyase and SphK1 expression were observed following renal I/R. FTY720 reversed renal I/R-induced changes and effectively attenuated lung injury. Conclusion FTY720 protected against acute lung injury in rats subjected to renal I/R by decreasing pulmonary inflammation and apoptosis, increasing oxidative stress, and modulating S1P metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-An Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Ling Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 117913Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, 117913Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Ping Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 117913Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
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Cyr A, Zhong Y, Reis SE, Namas RA, Amoscato A, Zuckerbraun B, Sperry J, Zamora R, Vodovotz Y, Billiar TR. Analysis of the Plasma Metabolome after Trauma, Novel Circulating Sphingolipid Signatures, and In-Hospital Outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 2021; 232:276-287.e1. [PMID: 33453380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is the leading cause of death and disability for individuals under age 55. Many severely injured trauma patients experience complicated clinical courses despite appropriate initial therapy. We sought to identify novel circulating metabolomic signatures associated with clinical outcomes following trauma. STUDY DESIGN Untargeted metabolomics and circulating plasma immune mediator analysis was performed on plasma collected during 3 post-injury time periods (<6 hours [h], 6 h-24h, day 2-day 5) in critically ill trauma patients enrolled between April 2004 and May 2013 at UPMC Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, blunt mechanism, ICU admission, and expected survival ≥ 24 h. Exclusion criteria were isolated head injury, spinal cord injury, and pregnancy. Exploratory endpoints included length of stay (overall and ICU), ventilator requirements, nosocomial infection, and Marshall organ dysfunction (MOD) score. The top 50 metabolites were isolated using repeated measures ANOVA and multivariate empirical Bayesian analysis for further study. RESULTS Eighty-six patients were included for analysis. Sphingolipids were enriched significantly (chi-square, p < 10-6) among the top 50 metabolites. Clustering of sphingolipid patterns identified 3 patient subclasses: nonresponders (no time-dependent change in sphingolipids, n = 41), sphingosine/sphinganine-enhanced (n = 24), and glycosphingolipid-enhanced (n = 21). Compared with the sphingolipid-enhanced subclasses, nonresponders had longer mean length of stay, more ventilator days, higher MOD scores, and higher circulating levels of proinflammatory immune mediators IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP1/CCL2, IP10/CXCL10, and MIG/CXCL9 (all p < 0.05), despite similar Injury Severity Scores (p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analysis identified broad alterations in circulating plasma sphingolipids after blunt trauma. Circulating sphingolipid signatures and their association with both clinical outcomes and circulating inflammatory mediators suggest a possible link between sphingolipid metabolism and the immune response to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cyr
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Critical Care, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Steven E Reis
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rami A Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Andrew Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Jason Sperry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Wang Y, Gao TT, Xu DF, Zhu XY, Dong WW, Lv Z, Liu YJ, Jiang L. Upregulation of sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to ventilator-associated lung injury in a two-hit model. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2077-2090. [PMID: 31638192 PMCID: PMC6844625 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator‑associated lung injury (VALI) remains a significant medical problem in intensive care units. The present study aimed to investigate the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in VALI using a two‑hit model and explore the potential underlying molecular mechanism. Mice were divided into five groups: i) Non‑ventilated group; ii) non‑ventilated + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group; iii) ventilated group; iv) ventilated + LPS group; and v) ventilated + LPS + SPHK1 inhibitor group. Mice were administered LPS (1 mg/kg) via an intraperitoneal injection. After 12 h, the mice were anesthetized and connected to a ventilator (10 ml/kg at 150 breaths/min) for 4 h. SPHK1 inhibitor (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to ventilation. Mouse lung vascular endothelial cells were treated with LPS and SPHK1 inhibitor, and then subjected to cyclic stretch for 4 h. The present results suggested that the expression of SPHK1 and sphingosine 1 phosphate was upregulated in the two‑hit model of VALI; SPHK1 inhibitor could attenuate VALI in the two‑hit model as observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and affected the cell count and the protein content levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, treatment with SPHK1 inhibitor reduced the wet‑to‑dry ratio of the lungs and suppressed Evans blue dye leakage into the lung tissue. Furthermore, SPHK1 inhibitor exhibited protective effects on the two‑hit model of VALI by inhibiting the Ras homolog family member a‑mediated phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT‑1) and endothelial hyperpermeability. Additionally, mice were divided into five additional groups: i) Non‑ventilated group; ii) non‑ventilated + LPS group; iii) ventilated group; iv) ventilated + LPS group; and v) ventilated + LPS + Rho‑associated coiled‑coil forming protein kinase (ROCK)1 inhibitor group. ROCK1 inhibitor (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to ventilation. The present results suggested that ROCK1 inhibitor could attenuate mechanical stretch‑induced lung endothelial injury and the phosphorylation of MYPT‑1 in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the present findings indicated that upregulation of SPHK1 may contribute to VALI in a two‑hit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, QILU Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Dun-Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Ibrahim MAA, Elwan WM, Elgendy HA. Role of Scutellarin in Ameliorating Lung Injury in a Rat Model of Bilateral Hind Limb Ischemia–Reperfusion. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2070-2081. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. A. Ibrahim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of MedicineTanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Walaa M. Elwan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of MedicineTanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Elgendy
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of MedicineMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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Amino Acid Metabolism and Transport Mechanisms as Potential Antifungal Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030909. [PMID: 29562716 PMCID: PMC5877770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering new drugs for treatment of invasive fungal infections is an enduring challenge. There are only three major classes of antifungal agents, and no new class has been introduced into clinical practice in more than a decade. However, recent advances in our understanding of the fungal life cycle, functional genomics, proteomics, and gene mapping have enabled the identification of new drug targets to treat these potentially deadly infections. In this paper, we examine amino acid transport mechanisms and metabolism as potential drug targets to treat invasive fungal infections, including pathogenic yeasts, such as species of Candida and Cryptococcus, as well as molds, such as Aspergillus fumigatus. We also explore the mechanisms by which amino acids may be exploited to identify novel drug targets and review potential hurdles to bringing this approach into clinical practice.
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