1
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Wei Y, Miao Z, Guo X, Feng S. Exploration of cuprotosis-related genes for predicting prognosis and immunological characteristics in acute myeloid leukaemia based on genome and transcriptome. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6467-6486. [PMID: 37450406 PMCID: PMC10373958 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematologic malignancy with a generally unfavorable prognosis. Cuprotosis as a new form of programmed cell death has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression; However, the relationship between cuprotosis and the prognosis of AML patients remains unclear. METHODS Transcriptomic and genomics data, along with clinical information, were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases. Especially, unsupervised clustering and machining learning were used to identify molecular subtypes and cuprotosis-related risk scores respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC) were performed to assess the prognosis based on cuprotosis-related genes (CRGs). Moreover, multiple algorithms were used to evaluate immunological heterogeneity among patients with different risk scores. For in vitro analysis, the expression of genes involved in CRGs was detected by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase (qRT-PCR) in AML patients. RESULTS Transcriptomic and genome data indicated the immense heterogeneity in the CRGs landscape of normal and tumor samples. Cuprotosis subtype A and cuprotosis regulatory subtype B in the genomics map and biological characteristics were significantly different from the other groups. Furthermore, these two subtypes had lower risk scores and longer survival times compared to other groups. Cox analyses indicated that risk score was an independent prognostic factor for AML patients. In addition, our risk score could be an indicator of survival outcomes in immunotherapy datasets. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the potential of CRGs in guiding the prognosis, treatment, and immunological characteristics of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Haematology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, China
| | - Zhaoxu Miao
- Department of Haematology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Haematology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, China
- Puyang Translational Medicine Engineering and Technology Research Center, Puyang, China
| | - Songwei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Gascón-Ruiz M, Ramírez-Labrada A, Lastra R, Martínez-Lostao L, Paño-Pardo JR, Sesma A, Zapata-García M, Moratiel A, Quílez E, Torres-Ramón I, Yubero A, Domingo MP, Esteban P, Gálvez EM, Pardo J, Isla D. A Subset of PD-1-Expressing CD56 bright NK Cells Identifies Patients with Good Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020329. [PMID: 36672279 PMCID: PMC9856517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Despite the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in lung cancer, there is a lack of knowledge about predictive biomarkers. The objective of our study is to analyze different subsets of T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells as predictive biomarkers in a cohort of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICI. (2) This is an observational, prospective study with 55 NSCLC patients treated with ICI. A total of 43 T and NK cell subsets are analyzed in peripheral blood, including the main markers of exhaustion, differentiation, memory, activation, and inhibition. (3) Regarding the descriptive data, Granzyme B+CD4+ Treg lymphocytes stand out (median 17.4%), and within the NK populations, most patients presented cytotoxic NK cells (CD56+CD3-CD16+GranzymeB+; median 94.8%), and about half of them have highly differentiated adaptive-like NK cells (CD56+CD3-CD16+CD57+ (mean 59.8%). A statistically significant difference was observed between the expression of PD1 within the CD56bright NK cell subpopulation (CD56+CD3-CD16-PD-1+) (p = 0.047) and a better OS. (4) Circulating immune cell subpopulations are promising prognostic biomarkers for ICI. Pending on validation with a larger sample, here we provide an analysis of the major circulating T and NK cell subsets involved in cancer immunity, with promising results despite a small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gascón-Ruiz
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ariel Ramírez-Labrada
- Nanotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Unit (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lastra
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Immunology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Nanoscience Institute, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Materials Science Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J. Ramón Paño-Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Sesma
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Zapata-García
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Moratiel
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elisa Quílez
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Torres-Ramón
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfonso Yubero
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Pilar Domingo
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Miguel Luesma 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Esteban
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva M. Gálvez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Miguel Luesma 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatry and Public Health Department Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dolores Isla
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Wang H, Liu J, Yang J, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Hong L. A novel tumor mutational burden-based risk model predicts prognosis and correlates with immune infiltration in ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943389. [PMID: 36003381 PMCID: PMC9393426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been reported to determine the response to immunotherapy, thus affecting the patient’s prognosis in many cancers. However, it is unclear whether TMB or TMB-related signature could be used as prognostic indicators for ovarian cancer (OC), as its potential association with immune infiltration remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel TMB-related risk model (TMBrisk) to predict the prognosis of OC patients on the basis of exploring TMB-related genes, and to explore the potential association between TMB/TMBrisk and immune infiltration. The mutational landscape, TMB scores, and correlations between TMB and clinical characteristics and immune infiltration were investigated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-OV cohort. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analyses and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to derive TMB-related genes. TMBrisk was constructed by Cox regression and further validated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. The mRNA and protein expression levels and biological functions of TMBrisk hub genes were verified through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), GSCA Lite, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, and RT-qPCR. TMBrisk-related biological phenotypes were analyzed in function enrichment and tumor immune infiltration signature. Potential therapeutic regimens were inferred utilizing the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database and connectivity map (CMap). According to our results, higher TMB was associated with better survival and higher CD8+ T cell, regulatory T cell, and NK cell infiltration. TMBrisk was developed based on CBWD1, ST7L, RFX5-AS1, C3orf38, LRFN1, LEMD1, and HMGB1. High TMBrisk was identified as a poor factor for prognosis in TCGA and GEO datasets; the high-TMBrisk group comprised more higher-grade (G2 and G3) and advanced clinical stage (stage III/IV) tumors. Meanwhile, higher TMBrisk was associated with an immunosuppressive phenotype, with less infiltration of a majority of immunocytes and less expression of several genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family. Moreover, a nomogram containing TMBrisk showed a strong predictive ability demonstrated by time-dependent ROC analysis. Overall, this novel TMB-related risk model (TMBrisk) could predict prognosis, evaluate immune infiltration, and discover new therapeutic regimens in OC, which is very promising in clinical promotion.
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4
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Aristin Revilla S, Kranenburg O, Coffer PJ. Colorectal Cancer-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells: Functional Heterogeneity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Therapeutic Targeting. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903564. [PMID: 35874729 PMCID: PMC9304750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with one of the highest rates of incidence and mortality among cancers worldwide. Understanding the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to improve diagnosis and treatment. Within the CRC TME, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) consist of a heterogeneous mixture of adaptive immune cells composed of mainly anti-tumor effector T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations), and suppressive regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells. The balance between these two populations is critical in anti-tumor immunity. In general, while tumor antigen-specific T cell responses are observed, tumor clearance frequently does not occur. Treg cells are considered to play an important role in tumor immune escape by hampering effective anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, CRC-tumors with increased numbers of Treg cells have been associated with promoting tumor development, immunotherapy failure, and a poorer prognosis. Enrichment of Treg cells in CRC can have multiple causes including their differentiation, recruitment, and preferential transcriptional and metabolic adaptation to the TME. Targeting tumor-associated Treg cell may be an effective addition to current immunotherapy approaches. Strategies for depleting Treg cells, such as low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment, or targeting one or more checkpoint receptors such as CTLA-4 with PD-1 with monoclonal antibodies, have been explored. These have resulted in activation of anti-tumor immune responses in CRC-patients. Overall, it seems likely that CRC-associated Treg cells play an important role in determining the success of such therapeutic approaches. Here, we review our understanding of the role of Treg cells in CRC, the possible mechanisms that support their homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment, and current approaches for manipulating Treg cells function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Aristin Revilla
- Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Coffer
- Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Paul J. Coffer,
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5
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Shao R, Wang H, Wang J, Lu S, He R, Lu Y. Comprehensive analysis of a pyroptosis-related gene signature of clinical and biological value in acute myeloid leukaemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Wu Y, Rong X, Pan M, Wang T, Yang H, Chen X, Xiao Z, Zhao C. Integrated Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbial Metabolite TMAO Promotes Inflammatory Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Upregulating POSTN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840171. [PMID: 35676936 PMCID: PMC9167932 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has a high mortality rate. Chronic inflammation is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies suggested high levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may correlate with increased risk of inflammatory-induced liver cancer. However, the mechanisms by which TMAO promotes liver cancer remain elusive. Here, we established a model of inflammatory-induced liver cancer by treating Hepa1-6 cells and Huh7 cells with TNF-α. TMAO synergistically increased the proliferation, migration and invasion of Hepa1-6 cells and Huh7 cells in the presence of TNF-α. We conducted bulk RNA-Seq of the TMAO-treated cell model of inflammatory Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluated the influence of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on clinical prognosis using Kaplan-Meier Plotter Database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of tumor microenvironment and DEGs were performed using Timer2.0. Upregulation of POSTN, LAYN and HTRA3 and downregulation of AANAT and AFM were positively related to poorer overall survival in human liver cancer. Moreover, higher expression of POSTN and HTRA3 positively correlated with infiltration of neutrophils, which can promote tumor progression. In vitro experiments showed TMAO activates ILK/AKT/mTOR signaling via POSTN, and knocking down POSTN significantly reduced ILK/AKT/mTOR signaling and the tumorigenicity of Hepa1-6 cells and Huh7 cells. Collectively, our results suggest the gut microbial metabolite TMAO and POSTN may represent potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiejiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Zhao,
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7
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Shi R, Zhang Z, Zhu A, Xiong X, Zhang J, Xu J, Sy MS, Li C. Targeting Type I Collagen for Cancer Treatment. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:665-683. [PMID: 35225360 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. Interactions between tumor cells and collagen influence every step of tumor development. Type I collagen is the main fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix and is frequently up-regulated during tumorigenesis. The binding of type I collagen to its receptors on tumor cells promotes tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Type I collagen also regulates the efficacy of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, type I collagen fragments are diagnostic markers of metastatic tumors and have prognostic value. Inhibition of type I collagen synthesis has been reported to have anti-tumor effects in animal models. However, collagen has also been shown to possess anti-tumor activity. Therefore, the roles that type I collagen plays in tumor biology are complex and tumor type-dependent. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of synthesis of type I collagen, as well as the role up-regulated type I collagen plays in various stages of cancer progression. We also discuss the role of collagen in tumor therapy. Finally, we highlight several recent approaches targeting type I collagen for cancer treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ankai Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xiong
- Department of Operating Room, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Lisnawati L, Billianti YD, Manatar AF. Association between Foxp3 Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte Expression and Response After Chemoradiation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a carcinoma originating from the surface epithelium of the nasopharynx with the highest incidence in China and South East Asia. Currently, many researchers are developing tumor microenvironment which can be assessed by tumor-infiltrating lymphochyte, and its association with treatment response in several tumors, including NPC. Foxp3, known as a regulatory T cell (Treg) marker, plays a role in the immunoregulatory environment of tumor cells and can be used as a prognostic factor. The relationship between Foxp3 expression and treatment response is considered as one of the factors affecting the prognosis of NPC.
AIM: This study aims to determine the relationship between Foxp3 expression and treatment response in NPC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done to analyze the association between Foxp3 and treatment response in NPC. This study included 60 samples who were diagnosed with non-keratinizing NPC at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2018 until December 2020. Immunohistochemistry was done to evaluate the expression of Foxp3. Foxp3 expression was evaluated in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas.
RESULTS: Among 60 patients, the number of males were more than females (66.7%, 33.3%, respectively) with a ratio of 2:1. There was statistically significant difference between intratumoral and total Foxp3 expression and treatment response (p < 0.05, p = 0.001, respectively); however, no significant differences found between peritumoral Foxp3 expression and treatment response (p = 0.114).
CONCLUSION: Foxp3 expression had a statistically significant relationship with response therapy after chemoradiation.
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9
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Freitas JT, Lopez J, Llorian C, Boroni M, Kos L. The immunosuppressive role of Edn3 overexpression in the melanoma microenvironment. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:1084-1093. [PMID: 34288510 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins are cytokines expressed in the microenvironment of several tumors. To identify which stromal cells in the melanoma microenvironment respond to endothelin, we injected murine melanoma cell lines B16F10, YUMM1.7, and YUMMER1.7 in a transgenic mouse that overexpresses endothelin 3 (Edn3) under the control of the keratin 5 promoter in the skin (K5-Edn3). All cell lines developed larger tumors in K5-Edn3 mice than in control animals. In YUMM1.7 tumors, the Edn3 receptor, endothelin receptor B (Ednrb), was expressed in several stromal cell types including immune cells. This result was validated by the identification of Ednrb-positive stromal cells in human melanoma from previously published RNA-seq data. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cell numbers were significantly higher in K5-Edn3 tumors when compared to control tumors. Edn3 increased Treg proliferation in vitro and the expression of FOXP3. YUMM1.7-GFP tumors in K5-Edn3 mice were sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-CTLA-4) as well as to Ednrb blockage (BQ-788). Our results indicate that Ednrb signaling has an important role in the melanoma microenvironment where it mediates immunosuppression resulting in escape from tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano T Freitas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jesus Lopez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claudia Llorian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia Kos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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10
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Dehbashi M, Hojati Z, Motovali-Bashi M, Ganjalikhany MR, Cho WC, Shimosaka A, Navabi P, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M. A Novel CAR Expressing NK Cell Targeting CD25 With the Prospect of Overcoming Immune Escape Mechanism in Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649710. [PMID: 34055618 PMCID: PMC8160382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, high-affinity subunit of IL-2 receptor (CD25) has been considered as a promising therapeutic target for different pathologic conditions like allograft rejection, autoimmunity, and cancers. Although CD25 is transiently expressed by newly-activated T cells, it is the hallmark of regulatory T (Treg) cells which are the most important immunosuppressive elements in tumor microenvironment. Thus, Tregs can be considered as a potential target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapeutic approaches. On the other hand, due to some profound adverse effects pertaining to the use of CAR T cells, CAR NK cells have caught researchers’ attention as a safer choice. Based on these, the aim of this study was to design and develop a CAR NK cell against CD25 as the most prominent biomarker of Tregs with the prospect of overcoming immune escape mechanism in solid and liquid cancers. In the current study, an anti-CD25 CAR was designed and evaluated by comprehensive in silico analyses. Then, using lentiviral transduction system, NK-92 cell line was engineered to express this anti-CD25 CAR construct. In vitro functional analyses of anti-CD25 CAR for its reactivity against CD25 antigen as well as for cytotoxicity and cytokine production assays against CD25 bearing Jurkat cell line were done. In silico analyses demonstrated that the anti-CD25 CAR transcript and scFv protein structures were stable and had proper interaction with the target. Also, in vitro analyses showed that the anti-CD25 CAR-engineered NK-92 cells were able to specifically detect and lyse target cells with an appropriate cytokine production and cytotoxic activity. To conclude, the results showed that this novel CAR NK cell is functional and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Dehbashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hojati
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Motovali-Bashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Ganjalikhany
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Akihiro Shimosaka
- Institute of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Parnian Navabi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Abstract
Secretory proteins in tumor tissues are important components of the tumor microenvironment. Secretory proteins act on tumor cells or stromal cells or mediate interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells, thereby affecting tumor progression and clinical treatment efficacy. In this paper, recent research advances in secretory proteins in malignant tumors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiajie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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12
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Dehbashi M, Hojati Z, Motovali-Bashi M, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Shimosaka A, Cho WC. Computational study for suppression of CD25/IL-2 interaction. Biol Chem 2021; 402:167-178. [PMID: 33544473 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer recurrence presents a huge challenge in cancer patient management. Immune escape is a key mechanism of cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. CD25 is expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells including tumor-infiltrating Treg cells (TI-Tregs). These cells specially activate and reinforce immune escape mechanism of cancers. The suppression of CD25/IL-2 interaction would be useful against Treg cells activation and ultimately immune escape of cancer. Here, software, web servers and databases were used, at which in silico designed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), de novo designed peptides and virtual screened small molecules against CD25 were introduced for the prospect of eliminating cancer immune escape and obtaining successful treatment. We obtained siRNAs with low off-target effects. Further, small molecules based on the binding homology search in ligand and receptor similarity were introduced. Finally, the critical amino acids on CD25 were targeted by a de novo designed peptide with disulfide bond. Hence we introduced computational-based antagonists to lay a foundation for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Dehbashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zohreh Hojati
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Majid Motovali-Bashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, HKSAR, China
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13
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Elsharkawy SS, Elrheem MA, Elrheem SA. The Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs): Did We Find the Missed Piece of the Huge Puzzle? OPEN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 11:146-161. [DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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14
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Scott EN, Gocher AM, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Regulatory T Cells: Barriers of Immune Infiltration Into the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702726. [PMID: 34177968 PMCID: PMC8222776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immunosuppressive cells that promote tumor growth by hindering the effector immune response. Tregs utilize multiple suppressive mechanisms to inhibit pro-inflammatory responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibition of effector function and immune cell migration, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic disruption and promotion of metastasis. In turn, Tregs are being targeted in the clinic either alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, in efforts to overcome the immunosuppressive TME and increase anti-tumor effects. However, it is now appreciated that Tregs not only suppress cells intratumorally via direct engagement, but also serve as key interactors in the peritumor, stroma, vasculature and lymphatics to limit anti-tumor immune responses prior to tumor infiltration. We will review the suppressive mechanisms that Tregs utilize to alter immune and non-immune cells outside and within the TME and discuss how these mechanisms collectively allow Tregs to create and promote a physical and biological barrier, resulting in an immune-excluded or limited tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen N Scott
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Angela M Gocher
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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15
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Kang K, Xie F, Mao J, Bai Y, Wang X. Significance of Tumor Mutation Burden in Immune Infiltration and Prognosis in Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573141. [PMID: 33072607 PMCID: PMC7531222 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is highly immunogenic and therefore suitable for immunotherapy, but the efficacy is limited by response rate. In several types of tumor, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immune infiltration have been reported to predict the response to immunotherapy, although each has its limitations. In the current study, we aimed to explore the association of TMB with immune infiltration and prognosis in cutaneous melanoma. Methods: The data of cutaneous melanoma used for analyses was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The mutation data was sorted using "maftools" R package. TMB was estimated and then patients were divided into two groups based on TMB. The association of TMB with prognosis and clinical characteristics was explored. Differential analysis between two TMB groups was performed using "DESeq2" R package to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The function enrichment analyses of DEGs were conducted to screen critical pathways. Besides, DEGs were further filtered to identify two hub genes, based on which a risk score model and nomogram for predicting prognosis were conducted, and the validation was performed using three datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Finally, CIBERSORT algorithm and TIMER database were used to assess the effect of TMB and hub genes on immune infiltration. Results: The most common mutation was C > T, and the top three frequently mutated genes were TTN, MUC16, and BRAF. Higher TMB indicated better survival outcomes and lower pathological stages. 735 DEGs were identified and mainly involved in immune-related and adhesion-related pathways. The risk score model and nomogram were validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves, and exhibited relatively high predictive capability. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess clinical benefit. As for immune infiltration, the proportion was higher for macrophages M1 and M2 in the high-TMB group, while lower for memory B cells and regulatory T cells. Conclusions: In cutaneous melanoma, TMB was positively correlated with prognosis. The risk score model and nomogram can be conveniently used to predict prognosis. The association of TMB with immune infiltration can help improve the predicting methods for the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fucun Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Klampatsa A, Leibowitz MS, Sun J, Liousia M, Arguiri E, Albelda SM. Analysis and Augmentation of the Immunologic Bystander Effects of CAR T Cell Therapy in a Syngeneic Mouse Cancer Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:360-371. [PMID: 32802940 PMCID: PMC7417672 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of adoptive transfer of T cells transduced with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has been limited in the treatment of solid cancers, partly due to tumor antigen heterogeneity. Overcoming lack of universal tumor antigen expression would be achieved if CAR T cells could induce bystander effects. To study this process, we developed a system where CAR T cells targeting mesothelin could cure tumors containing 100% antigen-positive cells in immunocompetent mice. Using this model, we found that the CAR T cells were unable to cure tumors, even when only 10% of the tumor cells were mesothelin negative. A bystander effect was not induced by co-administration of anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4, or anti-TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) antibodies; agonistic CD40 antibodies; or an IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor. However, pretreatment with a non-lymphodepleting dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX) prior to CAR T cells resulted in cures of tumors with up to 25% mesothelin-negative cells. The mechanism was dependent on endogenous CD8 T cells but not on basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3 (BATF3)-dependent dendritic cells. These data suggest that CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors, in which the targeted antigen is not expressed by the vast majority of tumor cells, will not likely be successful unless combination strategies to enhance bystander effects are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding author Astero Klampatsa, Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Michael S. Leibowitz
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Liousia
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evguenia Arguiri
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven M. Albelda
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Gascón M, Isla D, Cruellas M, Gálvez EM, Lastra R, Ocáriz M, Paño JR, Ramírez A, Sesma A, Torres-Ramón I, Yubero A, Pardo J, Martínez-Lostao L. Intratumoral Versus Circulating Lymphoid Cells as Predictive Biomarkers in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Is the Easiest Path the Best One? Cells 2020; 9:cells9061525. [PMID: 32580514 PMCID: PMC7348938 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cell determinants that modulate immune checkpoint (ICI) efficacy in lung cancer are still not well understood. However, there is a necessity to select those patients that will most benefit from these new treatments. Recent studies suggest the presence and/or the relative balance of specific lymphoid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TEM) including the T cell (activated, memory, and regulatory) and NK cell (CD56dim/bright) subsets, and correlate with a better response to ICI. The analyses of these cell subsets in peripheral blood, as a more accessible and homogeneous sample, might facilitate clinical decisions concerning fast prediction of ICI efficacy. Despite recent studies suggesting that lymphoid circulating cells might correlate with ICI efficacy and toxicity, more analyses and investigation are required to confirm if circulating lymphoid cells are a relevant picture of the lung TME and could be instrumental as ICI response biomarkers. This short review is aimed to discuss the recent advances in this fast-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gascón
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dolores Isla
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Mara Cruellas
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Eva M. Gálvez
- Carbochemical Institute (ICB-CSIC), Miguel Luesma 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Rodrigo Lastra
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Maitane Ocáriz
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - José Ramón Paño
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
- Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramírez
- Nanotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Unit (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Andrea Sesma
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Irene Torres-Ramón
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Alfonso Yubero
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.L.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (I.T.-R.); (A.Y.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
- ARAID Foundation (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Network (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.P.); (J.P.); (L.M.-L.)
- Immunology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Nanoscience Institute, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Materials Science Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Galli F, Aguilera JV, Palermo B, Markovic SN, Nisticò P, Signore A. Relevance of immune cell and tumor microenvironment imaging in the new era of immunotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:89. [PMID: 32423420 PMCID: PMC7236372 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different immune subtypes may drive tumor progression, metastatization and resistance to therapy. New immunotherapeutic approaches aim at restoring the natural balance and increase immune response against cancer by different mechanisms. The complexity of these interactions and the heterogeneity of immune cell subpopulations are a real challenge when trying to develop new immunotherapeutics and evaluate or predict their efficacy in vivo. To this purpose, molecular imaging can offer non-invasive diagnostic tools like radiopharmaceuticals, contrast agents or fluorescent dyes. These agents can be useful for preclinical and clinical purposes and can overcome [18F]FDG limitations in discriminating between true-progression and pseudo-progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of immune cells involved in microenvironment, available immunotherapies and imaging agents to highlight the importance of new therapeutic biomarkers and their in vivo evaluation to improve the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Roma, Italy.
| | - Jesus Vera Aguilera
- Department of oncology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, (MN), Rochester, USA
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of oncology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, (MN), Rochester, USA
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Roma, Italy
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19
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Hashemi V, Maleki LA, Esmaily M, Masjedi A, Ghalamfarsa G, Namdar A, Yousefi M, Yousefi B, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Regulatory T cells in breast cancer as a potent anti-cancer therapeutic target. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106087. [PMID: 31841758 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite marked advances in treatment approaches, breast cancer is still going to be more prevalent, worldwide. High levels of regulatory T (Treg) cells have repeatedly been demonstrated in circulation, lymph nodes, and tumor samples from patients with various cancer types. The transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)-expressing Treg cells have the high suppressive potential of the immune system and are fundamental in preserving immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. However, they enhance tumor development by curbing efficient anti-tumor immune mechanisms in malignancies. Moreover, the accumulation of Treg cells in breast tumors is related to the short overall survival of patients. Treg cell frequency has been applied as an independent predicting factor to diagnose patients with a high risk of relapse. Pulling out all populations of Treg cells to promote the efficacy of anticancer treatment methods may potentially lead to hazardous autoimmune disorders. Thus, realizing the exact structure of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells is pivotal to efficiently target Treg cells in tumors. There are exclusive and non-exclusive approaches to lower down and degrade the number/function of Treg cells. These approaches can include inhibiting tumoral migration, depletion, interference with function, and utilizing T cell plasticity. This review article attempts to clarify the implications concerning the involvement of Treg cells in breast cancer progression and discuss the current approaches in the treatment of this cancer via modulation of Treg cells function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Hashemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Esmaily
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Kataru RP, Ly CL, Shin J, Park HJ, Baik JE, Rehal S, Ortega S, Lyden D, Mehrara BJ. Tumor Lymphatic Function Regulates Tumor Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Microenvironments. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1345-1358. [PMID: 31186247 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of aberrant, dysfunctional lymphatic vessels around solid tumors is a common histologic finding. Studies have shown that abnormalities in lymphatic function result in accumulation of inflammatory cells with an immunosuppressive profile. We tested the hypothesis that dysfunctional lymphatic vessels surrounding solid tumors regulate changes in the tumor microenvironment and tumor-specific immune responses. Using subcutaneously implanted mouse melanoma and breast cancer tumors in a lymphatic endothelial cell-specific diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mouse, we found that local ablation of lymphatic vessels increased peritumoral edema, as compared with controls. Comparative analysis of the peritumoral fluid demonstrated increases in the number of macrophages, CD4+ inflammatory cells, F4/80+/Gr-1+ (myeloid-derived suppressor cells), CD4+/Foxp3+ (Tregs) immunosuppressive cells, and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IFNγ, and IL1β following lymphatic ablation. Tumors grown in lymphatic ablated mice exhibited reduced intratumoral accumulation of cytotoxic T cells and increased tumor PD-L1 expression, causing rapid tumor growth, compared with tumors grown in nonlymphatic-ablated mice. Our study suggests that lymphatic dysfunction plays a role in regulating tumor microenvironments and may be therapeutically targeted in combination with immunotherapy to prevent tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu P Kataru
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Catherine L Ly
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinyeon Shin
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jung Eun Baik
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sonia Rehal
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Transgenic Mice Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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21
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Fu Q, Chen N, Ge C, Li R, Li Z, Zeng B, Li C, Wang Y, Xue Y, Song X, Li H, Li G. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1593806. [PMID: 31143514 PMCID: PMC6527267 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1593806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with prognosis in various tumors. However, it remains controversial whether the presence of TILs is related to an improved prognosis in melanoma. This meta-analysis confirmed the favorable prognostic role of the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+, and CD20+ TILs in the overall survival of melanoma patients and found an association between the TILs present and improved overall survival. Additionally, subgroup analysis demonstrated that brisk TILs were obviously associated with OS, RFS and DSS/MSS. Thus, TILs may be a predictive biomarker in melanoma. This analysis will provide more insight into the study of TILs and predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofen Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China.,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Ruilei Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Baozhen Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Yuanbo Xue
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China
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22
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Canino C, Perrone L, Bosco E, Saltalamacchia G, Mosca A, Rizzo M, Porta C. Targeting angiogenesis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:245-257. [PMID: 30678509 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1574574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and particularly its clear cell histological subtype, is commonly characterized by genetic alterations in the Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, leading to a typically exasperated angiogenesis. However, other biological and genetic peculiarities contribute to differentiate this malignancy from other solid tumors, including its immunogenicity. Areas covered: This review focuses on the present and future role of antiangiogenic drugs, administered either alone (as it has been in the past few years), or in combination with other agents (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors), in the treatment of metastatic RCC. Expert commentary: Due to its peculiar pathogenesis, it is unrealistic to expect to be able to get rid of antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of this disease; however, we do expect that combinations of VEGF/VEGFRs-targeting agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors will gradually replace antiangiogenic monotherapies as the standard of care, at least in the first line setting of metastatic RCC patients. Biomarkers discovery remains the highest priority in order to further improve the percentage of patients benefitting of our treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Canino
- a Division of Translational Oncology , I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri , Pavia , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Perrone
- b Division of Oncology , I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri , Pavia , Italy
| | - Eugenia Bosco
- a Division of Translational Oncology , I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saltalamacchia
- a Division of Translational Oncology , I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandra Mosca
- c Medical Oncology , Ospedale Maggiore della Carità , Novara , Italy
| | - Mimma Rizzo
- a Division of Translational Oncology , I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri , Pavia , Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- a Division of Translational Oncology , I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri , Pavia , Italy.,d Department of Internal Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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23
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Guo S, Deng CX. Effect of Stromal Cells in Tumor Microenvironment on Metastasis Initiation. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:2083-2093. [PMID: 30585271 PMCID: PMC6299363 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular environment where tumor cells reside is called the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of borders, blood vessels, lymph vessels, extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cells, immune/inflammatory cells, secreted proteins, RNAs and small organelles. By dynamically interacting with tumor cells, stromal cells participate in all stages of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and drug response, and consequently, affect the fate of patients. During the processes of tumor evolution and metastasis initiation, stromal cells in TME also experience some changes and play roles in both the suppression and promotion of metastasis, while the overall function of stromal cells is beneficial for cancer cell survival and movement. In this review, we examine the effects of stromal cells in TME on metastasis initiation, including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. We also highlight functions of proteins, RNAs and small organelles secreted by stromal cells in their influences on multiple stages of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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24
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Kobold S, Pantelyushin S, Rataj F, Vom Berg J. Rationale for Combining Bispecific T Cell Activating Antibodies With Checkpoint Blockade for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:285. [PMID: 30090763 PMCID: PMC6068270 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells have been established as core effectors for cancer therapy; this has moved the focus of therapeutic endeavors to effectively enhance or restore T cell tumoricidal activity rather than directly target cancer cells. Both antibodies targeting the checkpoint inhibitory molecules programmed death receptor 1 (PD1), PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic lymphocyte activated antigen 4 (CTLA4), as well as bispecific antibodies targeting CD3 and CD19 are now part of the standard of care. In particular, antibodies to checkpoint molecules have gained broad approval in a number of solid tumor indications, such as melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer based on their unparalleled efficacy. In contrast, the efficacy of bispecific antibody-derivatives is much more limited and evidence is emerging that their activity is regulated through diverse checkpoint molecules. In either case, both types of compounds have their limitations and most patients will not benefit from them in the long run. A major aspect under investigation is the lack of baseline antigen-specific T cells in certain patient groups, which is thought to render responses to checkpoint inhibition less likely. On the other hand, bispecific antibodies are also restricted by induced T cell anergy. Based on these considerations, combination of bispecific antibody mediated on-target T cell activation and reversal of anergy bears high promise. Here, we will review current evidence for such combinatorial approaches, as well as ongoing clinical investigations in this area. We will also discuss potential evidence-driven future avenues for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Felicitas Rataj
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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