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Herrera E, Rodríguez S, González-Nosti M. Neuropsychological follow-up of a case of encephalitis by anti-nmda receptor. Neurocase 2022; 28:96-101. [PMID: 35073821 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2032186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease with psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. Our aim is to describe the cognitive follow-up of a patient diagnosed with the disease for 4 years. The results revealed severe cognitive impairment at the initial evaluation. At 3 months, memory and executive function deficits prevailed. At 9 months, only a deficit in verbal memory was found. At 4 years, she presented a mild memory deficit. These results revealed a significant short-term cognitive deficit. Subsequently, executive functions, memory and verbal fluency recovered, while a mild deficit in verbal memory persisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herrera
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Mutti C, Barocco F, Zinno L, Negrotti A, Spallazzi M, Pavesi G, Gardini S, Caffarra P. A case of reversible anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: neuropsychological and neuroradiological features. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:2231-2236. [PMID: 28905135 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis mainly affecting young women. We report a case of a mild paraneoplastic anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a 31-year-old female with an ovarian immature teratoma. The patient exhibited a severe short-term episodic memory impairment and psychiatric symptoms. A detailed diagnostic work-up including complete clinical and laboratory examinations, neuropsychological assessments, and neuroradiological investigations has been done at the onset and during follow-up. The amnestic syndrome and MRI medial-temporal abnormalities reversed after medical and surgical treatment. The present report indicates that the disease can be rapidly reversible if promptly diagnosed and treated. While the disease has already been described elsewhere, the course of neurospychological deficits in adults is not as much known. Usually, when the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is made, the severity of the disease makes the assessment of the neuropsycological profile particulary challenging. The present report is of interest because it describes the complete neuropsychological profile of a mild form of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Mutti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma (PR), Italy
| | | | - Lucia Zinno
- Department of Emergency care, General and Specialist Medical Area, AOU, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Negrotti
- Department of Emergency care, General and Specialist Medical Area, AOU, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Pavesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma (PR), Italy
| | | | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma (PR), Italy.
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