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Paulo HA, Mosha D, Mwanyika-Sando M, Mboya IB, Madzorera I, Killewo J, Leyna GH, Msuya SE, Fawzi WW. Role of dietary quality and diversity on overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266344. [PMID: 35390059 PMCID: PMC9045397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine associations of dietary quality and diversity among reproductive-aged women with overweight and obesity. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Health and Demographic Surveillance System of the Dar es Salaam Urban Cohort Study (DUCS) in Tanzania. A random sample of 1004 non-pregnant women was selected from the DUCS population database and interviewed about dietary information using the FFQ. Women were aged 30.2 (±8.1) years; 27.8% were overweight and 22.6% were obese. All 1004 women in the study consumed starchy staple foods. Of all the women studied, 10.5%, 1.7% and 3.8% consumed vitamin A rich dark green vegetables, nuts and seeds, and beans and peas, respectively. Compared with women in the lowest quintile of Prime Dietary Quality Score (PDQS), those who were in the highest quintile were significantly less likely to be overweight or obese (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.62, 0.89) (F for trend = 0.029). Dietary diversity score (DDS) was not significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Risk factors included the highest consumption of animal foods (APR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.51-3.51) and fast food (APR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.24-4.34). Consumption of legumes and whole grains was associated with lower risk (APR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38-0.2). Dietary quality is an important predictor of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age. Nutrition interventions may be warranted to support women of reproductive age to enter pregnancy with healthier weight to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and future risk of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heavenlight A. Paulo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of
Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro,
Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Dominic Mosha
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
| | | | - Innocent B. Mboya
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro,
Tanzania
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of
KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Japhet Killewo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of
Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Germana H. Leyna
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of
Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
| | - Sia E. Msuya
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro,
Tanzania
| | - Wafaie W. Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America
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