The Response of Macro- and Micronutrient Nutrient Status and Biochemical Processes in Rats Fed on a Diet with Selenium-Enriched Defatted Rapeseed and/or Vitamin E Supplementation

In Vivo Bioavailability of Selenium in Selenium-Enriched Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecium in CD IGS Rats

The selenium (Se) enrichment of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has recently emerged as a novel concept; the individual health effects of these beneficial microorganisms are combined by supplying the essential micronutrient Se in a more bioavailable and less toxic form. This study investigated the bioavailability of Se in the strains Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A (EF) and Streptococcus thermophilus CCDM 144 (ST) and their respective Se-enriched forms, SeEF and SeST, in a CD (SD-Sprague Dawley) IGS rat model. Se-enriched LAB administration resulted in higher Se concentrations in the liver and kidneys of rats, where selenocystine was the prevalent Se species. The administration of both Se-enriched strains improved the antioxidant status of the animals. The effect of the diet was more pronounced in the heart tissue, where a lower glutathione reductase content was observed, irrespective of the Se fortification in LAB. Interestingly, rats fed diets with EF and SeEF had higher glutathione reductase activity. Reduced concentrations of serum malondialdehyde were noted following Se supplementation. Diets containing Se-enriched strains showed no macroscopic effects on the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain and had no apparent influence on the basic parameters of the lipid metabolism. Both the strains tested herein showed potential for further applications as promising sources of organically bound Se and Se nanoparticles.

Gene ontology analysis of expanded porcine blastocysts from gilts fed organic or inorganic selenium combined with pyridoxine

Background

Gene ontology analysis using the microarray database generated in a previous study by this laboratory was used to further evaluate how maternal dietary supplementation with pyridoxine combined with different sources of selenium (Se) affected global gene expression of expanded porcine blastocysts. Data were generated from 18 gilts randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets (n = 6 per treatment): i) basal diet without supplemental Se or pyridoxine (CONT); ii) CONT + 0.3 mg/kg of Na-selenite and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (MSeB₆10); and iii) CONT + 0.3 mg/kg of Se-enriched yeast and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (OSeB₆10). All gilts were inseminated at their fifth post-pubertal estrus and euthanized 5 days later for embryo harvesting. Differential gene expression between MSeB₆10 vs CONT, OSeB₆10 vs CONT and OSeB₆10 vs MSeB₆10 was performed using a porcine embryo-specific microarray.

Results

There were 559, 2458, and 1547 differentially expressed genes for MSeB₆10 vs CONT, OSeB₆10 vs CONT and OSeB₆10 vs MSeB₆10, respectively. MSeB₆10 vs CONT stimulated 13 biological processes with a strict effect on RNA binding and translation initiation. OSeB₆10 vs CONT and OSeB₆10 vs MSeB₆10 impacted 188 and 66 biological processes, respectively, with very similar effects on genome stability, ceramide biosynthesis, protein trafficking and epigenetic events. The stimulation of genes related with these processes was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Conclusions

Gene expression of embryos from OSeB₆10 supplemented gilts was more impacted than those from MSeB₆10 supplemented gilts. Whereas maternal OSeB₆10 supplementation influenced crucial aspects of embryo development, maternal MSeB₆10 supplementation was restricted to binding activity.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5237-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Metabolic transformation and urinary excretion of selenium (Se) in rats fed a Se-enriched defatted rapeseed (Brassica napus, L.) diet

Se-enriched defatted rapeseed can be a suitable Se-supplement in diet of monogasters.