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Zhang Y, Chen J, Sun Y, Wang M, Liu H, Zhang W. Endogenous Tissue Engineering for Chondral and Osteochondral Regeneration: Strategies and Mechanisms. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4716-4739. [PMID: 39091217 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to the development of effective strategies for articular cartilage (AC) and osteochondral (OC) regeneration due to their limited self-reparative capacities and the shortage of timely and appropriate clinical treatments. Traditional cell-dependent tissue engineering faces various challenges such as restricted cell sources, phenotypic alterations, and immune rejection. In contrast, endogenous tissue engineering represents a promising alternative, leveraging acellular biomaterials to guide endogenous cells to the injury site and stimulate their intrinsic regenerative potential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in endogenous tissue engineering strategies for AC and OC regeneration, with a focus on the tissue engineering triad comprising endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs), scaffolds, and biomolecules. Multiple types of ESPCs present within the AC and OC microenvironment, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs), and AC-derived stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs), exhibit the ability to migrate toward injury sites and demonstrate pro-regenerative properties. The fabrication and characteristics of scaffolds in various formats including hydrogels, porous sponges, electrospun fibers, particles, films, multilayer scaffolds, bioceramics, and bioglass, highlighting their suitability for AC and OC repair, are systemically summarized. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the pivotal role of biomolecules in facilitating ESPCs migration, adhesion, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, as well as regulating inflammation, aging, and hypertrophy-critical processes for endogenous AC and OC regeneration. Insights into the applications of endogenous tissue engineering strategies for in vivo AC and OC regeneration are provided along with a discussion on future perspectives to enhance regenerative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
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Maslennikov S, Avramenko Y, Tumanskiy V, Golovakha M. Comparative characteristics of the stem cells' number in the stromal vascular fraction of infrapatellar fat pad and subcutaneous fat tissue. J ISAKOS 2024; 9:615-619. [PMID: 38763383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of infrapatellar fat pad adipose stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) shows an age-independent proliferation and differentiation potential. In addition, the pronounced chondrogenic potential of IPFP-ASCs makes them promising candidates for research for use in other methods of regenerative therapy. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the presence and compare the relative abundance of cells exhibiting an immunohistochemical profile characteristic of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in selected samples of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained from the IPFP and subcutaneous fat tissue. METHODS A direct immunohistochemical study was carried out in serial paraffin sections of the SVF of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and subcutaneous tissue, using monoclonal antibodies. The minimum criteria were established by the International Society for Cell Therapy to ensure the identity of mesenchymal stem cells use CD73, CD90, and CD105 as positive markers and CD34, CD31, and CD45 as a negative. RESULTS According to the results of histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, and statistical studies, it was found that in the SVF of IPFP and subcutaneous adipose tissue, the relative number of cells with the profile CD105+, CD73+, CD34+, CD31-, CD45- in the standard field of view (×200), the SVF of IPFP was 1.58%, whereas the SVF of subcutaneous adipose tissue was 6.92 %, which was statistically significantly greater by 4.38 times (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of a sufficient number of mesenchymal stromal cells in IPFP in combination with their topographic relationship with the structures of the joint determines the use of the SVF of the IPFP for the treatment of diseases of the knee joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Maslennikov
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Ukraine.
| | - Yuliia Avramenko
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine of Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Tumanskiy
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Vice-Rector for Research, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Golovakha
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Ukraine
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Thacher RR, Pascual-Leone N, Rodeo SA. Treatment of Knee Chondral Defects in Athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2024; 32:75-86. [PMID: 38978201 DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cartilage lesions of the knee are a challenging problem, especially for active individuals and athletes who desire a return to high-load activities. They occur both through chronic repetitive loading of the knee joint or through acute traumatic injury and represent a major cause of pain and time lost from sport. They can arise as isolated lesions or in association with concomitant knee pathology. Management of these defects ultimately requires a sound understanding of their pathophysiologic underpinnings to help guide treatment. Team physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for underlying cartilage lesions in any patient presenting with a knee effusion, whether painful or not. A thorough workup should include a complete history and physical examination. MRI is the most sensitive and specific imaging modality to assess these lesions and can provide intricate detail not only of the structure and composition of cartilage, but also of the surrounding physiological environment in the joint. Treatment of these lesions consists of both conservative or supportive measures, as well as surgical interventions designed to restore or regenerate healthy cartilage. Because of the poor inherent capacity for healing associated with hyaline cartilage, the vast majority of symptomatic lesions will ultimately require surgery. Surgical treatment options range from simple arthroscopic debridement to large osteochondral reconstructions. Operative decision-making is based on numerous patient- and defect-related factors and requires open lines of communication between the athlete, the surgeon, and the rest of the treatment team. Ultimately, a positive outcome is based on the creation of a durable, resistant repair that allows the athlete to return to pain-free sporting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Thacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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Xu X, Xu L, Xia J, Wen C, Liang Y, Zhang Y. Harnessing knee joint resident mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:372-387. [PMID: 37481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread clinical disease characterized by cartilage degeneration in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no effective treatment for OA apart from total joint replacement in advanced stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell with diverse differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory potentials. MSCs are known to effectively regulate the cartilage microenvironment, promote cartilage regeneration, and alleviate OA symptoms. As a result, they are promising sources of cells for OA therapy. Recent studies have revealed the presence of resident MSCs in synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage, which can be collected as knee joint-derived MSCs (KJD-MSC). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that KJD-MSCs have great potential for OA treatment, whether applied alone, in combination with biomaterials, or as exocrine MSCs. In this article, we will review the characteristics of MSCs in the joints, including their cytological characteristics, such as proliferation, cartilage differentiation, and immunomodulatory abilities, as well as the biological function of MSC exosomes. We will also discuss the use of tissue engineering in OA treatment and introduce the concept of a new generation of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy, including the use of engineering, gene therapy, and gene editing techniques to create KJD-MSCs or KJD-MSC derivative exosomes with improved functionality and targeted delivery. These advances aim to maximize the efficiency of cartilage tissue engineering and provide new strategies to overcome the bottleneck of OA therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research will provide new insights into the medicinal benefit of Joint resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), specifically on its cartilage tissue engineering ability. Through this review, the community will further realize promoting joint resident mesenchymal stem cells, especially cartilage progenitor/MSC-like progenitor cells (CPSC), as a preventive measure against osteoarthritis and cartilage injury. People and medical institutions may also consider cartilage derived MSC as an alternative approach against cartilage degeneration. Moreover, the discussion presented in this study will convey valuable information for future research that will explore the medicinal benefits of cartilage derived MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
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Furuoka H, Endo K, Sekiya I. Mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in number in response to synovitis and display more tissue-reparative phenotypes in osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:244. [PMID: 37679780 PMCID: PMC10485949 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells (SF-MSCs) originate in the synovium and contribute to the endogenous repair of damaged intra-articular tissues. Here, we clarified the relationship between their numbers and joint structural changes during osteoarthritis (OA) progression and investigated whether SF-MSCs had phenotypes favorable for tissue repair, even in an OA environment. METHODS Partial medial meniscectomy (pMx) and sham surgery were performed on both knees of rats. SF and knee joints were collected from intact rats and from rats at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery. SF was cultured for 1 week to calculate the numbers of colony-forming cells and colony areas. Joint structural changes were evaluated histologically to investigate their correlation with the numbers and areas of colonies. RNA sequencing was performed for SF-MSCs from intact knees and knees 4 weeks after the pMx and sham surgery. RESULTS Colony-forming cell numbers and colony areas were greater in the pMx group than in the intact and sham groups and peaked at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Synovitis scores showed the strongest correlation with colony numbers (R = 0.583) and areas (R = 0.456). RNA sequencing revealed higher expression of genes related to extracellular matrix binding, TGF-β signaling, and superoxide dismutase activity in SF-MSCs in the pMx group than in the sham group. CONCLUSION The number of SF-MSCs was most closely correlated with the severity of synovitis in this rat OA model. Tissue-reparative gene expression patterns were observed in SF-MSCs from OA knees, but not from knees without intra-articular tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Furuoka
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Fu Q, Zhou R, Cao J, Chen Y, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Shao J, Xin W, Yuan S. Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From the Infrapatellar Fat Pad Without Enzyme and Preliminary Study on the Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects in Rabbits. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:889306. [PMID: 36061444 PMCID: PMC9428308 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.889306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the advantages of without enzyme isolating patellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-SCs) and the feasibility of cartilage repair. Methods: The IPFP-SCs were isolated using the without enzyme method and compared with the IPFP-SCs obtained by the traditional enzyme digestion method in terms of cell proliferation ability, characterization, and differentiation ability, and the differences in chondrogenic induction and differentiation between the two groups were compared. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). After the articular cartilage defects were modeled, different preparations were injected into the joint cavity. The rabbits in the group A were injected with the mixture of IPFP-SCs and pure PRP (P-PRP), separated using the without enzyme method, while those in the group B were injected with the mixture of IPFP-SCs and P-PRP separated with the digestion method, while those in the group C were injected with SVF separated using the without enzyme method, and those in the group D were injected with normal saline. At 6 weeks and 12 weeks after operation, the cartilage repair of rabbit joint specimens was observed and evaluated by gross observation and histological staining, and the effects of different IPFP-SCs application forms in repairing cartilage defects were compared. Results: The time required to obtain IPFP-SCs by enzyme-free isolation was significantly less than that by enzyme digestion, while the acquisition rate of primary cells was significantly lower than that by enzyme digestion. After culture and amplification, the two IPFP-SCs from different sources did not show significant differences in cell proliferation, cell phenotype, and differentiation ability. In animal experiments, groups A and B had the best effect on the repair of cartilage defects, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The repair effect in group C was weaker than that in the former two groups, but it was relatively better than that in group D. Conclusion: It is more time-saving to obtain IPFP-SCs by the without enzyme method than by enzymatic digestion, and there is no significant difference in cell identification and differentiation potential between the two methods. However, the rate of obtaining primary cells was significantly lower than that with the enzyme digestion method. IPFP-SCs showed good repair effect in the rabbit animal cartilage defect model, providing ideas and reference for the clinical application of stem cells in repairing articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, 72nd Group Army Hospital of the PLA, Huzhou City, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xin, ; Shuai Yuan,
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xin, ; Shuai Yuan,
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Roles of Cartilage-Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cartilage Physiology, Development, Repair and Osteoarthritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152305. [PMID: 35892602 PMCID: PMC9332847 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that causes irreversible destruction of articular cartilage for which there is no effective treatment at present. Although articular cartilage lacks intrinsic reparative capacity, numerous studies have confirmed the existence of cartilage-resident stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) in the superficial zone (SFZ) of articular cartilage. CSPCs are characterized by the expression of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-related surface markers, multilineage differentiation ability, colony formation ability, and migration ability in response to injury. In contrast to MSCs and chondrocytes, CSPCs exhibit extensive proliferative and chondrogenic potential with no signs of hypertrophic differentiation, highlighting them as suitable cell sources for cartilage repair. In this review, we focus on the organizational distribution, markers, cytological features and roles of CSPCs in cartilage development, homeostasis and repair, and the application potential of CSPCs in cartilage repair and OA therapies.
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agent and the Current Therapeutic Targets for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071725. [PMID: 35885030 PMCID: PMC9312519 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory joint disorder, may not respond adequately to current RA treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) elicit several immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and, thus, have therapeutic potential. Specifically, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-based RA therapy may have considerable potency in modulating the immune response, and human adipose tissue is abundant and easy to obtain. Paracrine factors, such as exosomes (Exos), contribute to ADSCs’ immunomodulatory function. ADSC-Exo-based treatment can reproduce ADSCs’ immunomodulatory function and overcome the limitations of traditional cell therapy. ADSC-Exos combined with current drug therapies may provide improved therapeutic effects. Using ADSC-Exos, instead of ADSCs, to treat RA may be a promising cell-free treatment strategy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of medical therapies, ADSC-based therapy, and ADSC-Exos for RA and discusses the anti-inflammatory properties of ADSCs and ADSC-Exos. Finally, this review highlights the expanding role and potential immunomodulatory activity of ADSC-Exos in patients with RA.
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Martin CA, Radhakrishnan S, Ribelles JLG, Trentz O, Eak N, Reddy MS, Rela M, Subbaraya NK. Adipose tissue derived stromal cells in a gelatin based 3D matrix with exclusive ascorbic acid signalling emerged as a novel neural tissue engineering construct – An innovative prototype for soft tissue. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac031. [PMID: 35702348 PMCID: PMC9188297 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated a triad, which comprises of adipose tissue derived stem cells isolated from infrapatellar fat pad and gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based matrix with exclusive ascorbic acid signalling. Though, the bio-mechanical properties of the gelatin–PVA blended scaffolds in wet condition are equivalent to the ECM of soft tissues in general, in this study, the triad was tested as a model for neural tissue engineering. Apart from being cytocompatible and biocompatible, the porosity of the scaffold has been designed in such a manner that it facilitates the cell signalling and enables the exchange of nutrients and gases. The highly proliferative stem cells from Passage 2 were characterized using both, mesenchymal and embryonic stem cell markers. As an initial exploration the mesenchymal stem cells at Passage 4 were exposed to ascorbic acid and basic fibroblast growth factor signalling for neuronal differentiation in 2D environment independently. The MSCs successfully differentiated and acquired neuron specific markers related to cytoskeleton and synapses. Subsequently, three phases of experiments have been conducted on the 3D gelatin/PVA matrix to prove their efficacy, the growth of stem cells, growth of differentiated neurons and the in situ growth and differentiation of MSCs. The scaffold was conducive and directed MSCs to neuronal lineage under specific signalling. Overall, this organotypic model triad could open a new avenue in the field of soft tissue engineering as a simple and effective tissue construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ann Martin
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India
- Cell Laboratory, National Foundation for Liver Research, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, India
| | - Subathra Radhakrishnan
- Cell Laboratory, National Foundation for Liver Research, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, India
| | - Jose Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n., 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Omana Trentz
- MIOT Institute of Research, MIOT Hospitals, Chennai-600089, India
| | - Nivethaa Eak
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India
| | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- Cell Laboratory, National Foundation for Liver Research, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- Cell Laboratory, National Foundation for Liver Research, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, India
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Liao HJ, Chang CH, Huang CYF, Chen HT. Potential of Using Infrapatellar–Fat–Pad–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Therapy in Degenerative Arthritis: Chondrogenesis, Exosomes, and Transcription Regulation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030386. [PMID: 35327578 PMCID: PMC8945217 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrapatellar fat pad–derived mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) are a type of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC). They potentially contribute to cartilage regeneration and modulation of the immune microenvironment in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The ability of IPFP-MSCs to increase chondrogenic capacity has been reported to be greater, less age dependent, and less affected by inflammatory changes than that of other MSCs. Transcription-regulatory factors strictly regulate the cartilage differentiation of MSCs. However, few studies have explored the effect of transcriptional factors on IPFP-MSC-based neocartilage formation, cartilage engineering, and tissue functionality during and after chondrogenesis. Instead of intact MSCs, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles could be used for the treatment of OA. Furthermore, exosomes are increasingly being considered the principal therapeutic agent in MSC secretions that is responsible for the regenerative and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs in cartilage repair. The present study provides an overview of advancements in enhancement strategies for IPFP-MSC chondrogenic differentiation, including the effects of transcriptional factors, the modulation of released exosomes, delivery mechanisms for MSCs, and ethical and regulatory points concerning the development of MSC products. This review will contribute to the understanding of the IPFP-MSC chondrogenic differentiation process and enable the improvement of IPFP-MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Jung Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hung Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan;
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 320315, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (H.-T.C.)
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (H.-T.C.)
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Levingstone TJ, Moran C, Almeida HV, Kelly DJ, O'Brien FJ. Layer-specific stem cell differentiation in tri-layered tissue engineering biomaterials: Towards development of a single-stage cell-based approach for osteochondral defect repair. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100173. [PMID: 34901823 PMCID: PMC8640516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful repair of osteochondral defects is challenging, due in part to their complex gradient nature. Tissue engineering approaches have shown promise with the development of layered scaffolds that aim to promote cartilage and bone regeneration within the defect. The clinical potential of implanting these scaffolds cell-free has been demonstrated, whereby cells from the host bone marrow MSCs infiltrate the scaffolds and promote cartilage and bone regeneration within the required regions of the defect. However, seeding the cartilage layer of the scaffold with a chondrogenic cell population prior to implantation may enhance cartilage tissue regeneration, thus enabling the treatment of larger defects. Here the development of a cell seeding approach capable of enhancing articular cartilage repair without the requirement for in vitro expansion of the cell population is explored. The intrinsic ability of a tri-layered scaffold previously developed in our group to direct stem cell differentiation in each layer of the scaffold was first demonstrated. Following this, the optimal chondrogenic cell seeding approach capable of enhancing the regenerative capacity of the tri-layered scaffold was demonstrated with the highest levels of chondrogenesis achieved with a co-culture of rapidly isolated infrapatellar fat pad MSCs (FPMSCs) and chondrocytes (CCs). The addition of FPMSCs to a relatively small number of CCs led to a 7.8-fold increase in the sGAG production over chondrocytes in mono-culture. This cell seeding approach has the potential to be delivered within a single-stage approach, without the requirement for costly in vitro expansion of harvested cells, to achieve rapid repair of osteochondral defects. Tri-layered scaffold capable of directing layer specific stem cell differentiation. Potential of cell seeding regimes to enhance chondrogenic repair explored. Optimal cell seeding regime was an infrapatellar fat pad MSC:chondrocyte coculture. Adding infrapatellar fat pad MSCs to chondrocytes led to >7-fold increase in sGAG. This cell-seeded scaffold has potential for rapid repair of osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Levingstone
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Conor Moran
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Henrique V. Almeida
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
- Corresponding author. Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
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12
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Wang CC, Chen IH, Yang YT, Chen YR, Yang KC. Infrapatellar Fat Pads-Derived Stem Cell Is a Favorable Cell Source for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study Based on 3D Organized Self-Assembled Biomimetic Scaffold. Cartilage 2021; 13:508S-520S. [PMID: 33435725 PMCID: PMC8804804 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520988153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising source of cells for articular cartilage regeneration. However, ASCs isolated from different adipose tissue depots have heterogeneous cell characterizations and differentiation potential when cultured in 3-dimensional (3D) niches. DESIGN We compared the chondrogenicity of ASCs isolated from infrapatellar fat pads (IPFPs) and subcutaneous fat pads (SCFPs) in 3D gelatin-based biomimetic matrix. RESULTS The IPFP-ASC-differentiated chondrocytes had higher ACAN, COL2A1, COL10, SOX6, SOX9, ChM-1, and MIA-3 mRNA levels and lower COL1A1 and VEGF levels than the SCFP-ASCs in 3D matrix. The difference in mRNA profile may have contributed to activation of the Akt, p38, RhoA, and JNK signaling pathways in the IPFP-ASCs. The chondrocytes differentiated from IPFP-ASCs had pronounced glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II production and a high chondroitin-6-sulfate/chondroitin-4-sulfate ratio with less polymerization of β-actin filaments. In an ex vivo mice model, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a shorter T2 relaxation time, indicating that more abundant extracellular matrix was secreted in the IPFP-ASC-matrix group. Histological examinations revealed that the IPFP-ASC matrix had higher chondrogenic efficacy of new cartilaginous tissue generation as evident in collagen type II and S-100 staining. Conclusion. ASCs isolated from IPFPs may be better candidates for cartilage regeneration, highlighting the translational potential of cartilage tissue engineering using the IPFP-ASC matrix technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,Department of Orthopedics, School of
Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,Department of Orthopedics, School of
Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,School of Dental Technology, College of
Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,School of Dental Technology, College of
Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,Kai-Chiang Yang, School of Dental
Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing
Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031.
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13
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Peláez P, Damiá E, Torres-Torrillas M, Chicharro D, Cuervo B, Miguel L, del Romero A, Carrillo JM, Sopena JJ, Rubio M. Cell and Cell Free Therapies in Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1726. [PMID: 34829953 PMCID: PMC8615373 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease in adults and has a current prevalence of 12% in the population over 65 years old. This chronic disease causes damage to articular cartilage and synovial joints, causing pain and leading to a negative impact on patients' function, decreasing quality of life. There are many limitations regarding OA conventional therapies-pharmacological therapy can cause gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiac adverse effects, and some of them could even be a threat to life. On the other hand, surgical options, such as microfracture, have been used for the last 20 years, but hyaline cartilage has a limited regeneration capacity. In recent years, the interest in new therapies, such as cell-based and cell-free therapies, has been considerably increasing. The purpose of this review is to describe and compare bioregenerative therapies' efficacy for OA, with particular emphasis on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In OA, these therapies might be an alternative and less invasive treatment than surgery, and a more effective option than conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Peláez
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Damiá
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torres-Torrillas
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Chicharro
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Cuervo
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Miguel
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayla del Romero
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Carrillo
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín J. Sopena
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Rubio
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.); (M.T.-T.); (D.C.); (B.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.R.); (J.M.C.); (J.J.S.); (M.R.)
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
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Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Identifies Infrapatellar Fat Pad Macrophage Polarization in Acute Synovitis/Fat Pad Fibrosis and Cell Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110166. [PMID: 34821732 PMCID: PMC8615266 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis and progression of knee inflammatory pathologies is modulated partly by residing macrophages in the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), thus, macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes is important in joint disease pathologies. Alteration of M1/M2 balance contributes to the initiation and progression of joint inflammation and can be potentially altered with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. In an acute synovial/IFP inflammation rat model a single intra-articular injection of IFP-MSC was performed, having as controls (1) diseased rats not receiving IFP-MSC and (2) non-diseased rats. After 4 days, cell specific transcriptional profiling via single-cell RNA-sequencing was performed on isolated IFP tissue from each group. Eight transcriptomically distinct cell populations were identified within the IFP across all three treatment groups with a noted difference in the proportion of myeloid cells across the groups. Largely myeloid cells consisted of macrophages (>90%); one M1 sub-cluster highly expressing pro-inflammatory markers and two M2 sub-clusters with one of them expressing higher levels of canonical M2 markers. Notably, the diseased samples (11.9%) had the lowest proportion of cells expressing M2 markers relative to healthy (14.8%) and MSC treated (19.4%) samples. These results suggest a phenotypic polarization of IFP macrophages towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in an acute model of inflammation, which are alleviated by IFP-MSC therapy inducing a switch towards an alternate M2 status. Understanding the IFP cellular heterogeneity and associated transcriptional programs may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies for disabling joint disease pathologies.
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15
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Comparison between Intra-Articular Injection of Infrapatellar Fat Pad (IPFP) Cell Concentrates and IPFP-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for Cartilage Defect Repair of the Knee Joint in Rabbits. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9966966. [PMID: 34367294 PMCID: PMC8337123 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9966966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic method in regenerative medicine. Our previous research adopted a simple nonenzymatic strategy for the preparation of a new type of ready-to-use infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) cell concentrates. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular (IA) injection of autologous IPFP cell concentrates and allogeneic IPFP-MSCs obtained from these concentrates in a rabbit articular cartilage defect model. IPFP-MSCs sprouting from the IPFP cell concentrates were characterized via flow cytometry as well as based on their potential for differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. In the rabbit model, cartilage defects were created on the trochlear groove, followed by treatment with IPFP cell concentrates, IPFP-MSCs, or normal saline IA injection. Distal femur samples were evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks posttreatment via macroscopic observation and histological assessment based on the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic scoring system as well as the ICRS visual histological assessment scale. The macroscopic score and histological score were significantly higher in the IPFP-MSC group compared to the IPFP cell concentrate group at 12 weeks. Further, both treatment groups had higher scores compared to the normal saline group. In comparison to the latter, the groups treated with IPFP-MSCs and IPFP cell concentrates showed considerably better cartilage regeneration. Overall, IPFP-MSCs represent an effective therapeutic strategy for stimulating articular cartilage regeneration. Further, due to the simple, cost-effective, nonenzymatic, and safe preparation process, IPFP cell concentrates may represent an effective alternative to stem cell-based therapy in the clinic.
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16
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Rajagopal K, Madhuri V. Comparing the chondrogenic potential of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells derived from the infrapatellar fat pad, periosteum & bone marrow. Indian J Med Res 2021; 154:732-742. [PMID: 35532591 PMCID: PMC9210523 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_93_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Rabbit model is commonly used to demonstrate the proof of concept in cartilage tissue engineering. However, limited studies have attempted to find an ideal source of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage repair. This study aimed to compare the in vitro chondrogenic potential of rabbit MSCs isolated from three sources namely infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), periosteum (P) and bone marrow (BM). Methods: Rabbit MSCs from three sources were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry and multi-lineage differentiation assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using trypan blue dye exclusion test; in vitro chondrogenic potential was evaluated by histology and gene expression and the outcomes were compared amongst the three MSC sources. Results: MSCs from three sources shared similar morphology and expressed >99 per cent positive for CD44 and CD81 and <3 per cent positive for negative markers CD34, CD90 and human leukocyte antigen – DR isotype (HLA-DR). The BM-MSCs and IFP-MSCs showed significantly higher cell proliferation (P<0.001) than the P-MSCs from passage 4. Histologically, BM-MSCs formed a thicker cartilage pellet (P<0.01) with abundant matrix deposition than IFP and P-MSCs during chondrogenic differentiation. The collagen type 2 staining was significantly (P<0.05) higher in BM-MSCs than the other two sources. These outcomes were further confirmed by gene expression, where the BM-MSCs demonstrated significantly higher expression (P<0.01) of cartilage-specific markers (COL2A1, SOX9 and ACAN) with less hypertrophy. Interpretation & conclusions: This study demonstrated that BM-MSCs had superior chondrogenic potential and generated better cartilage than IFP and P-MSCs in rabbits. Thus, BM-MSCs remain a promising candidate for rabbit articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Rajagopal
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vrisha Madhuri
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Recent Updates of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment on Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052619. [PMID: 33807695 PMCID: PMC7961389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and chronic joint disease characterized by clinical symptoms and distortion of joint tissues. It primarily damages joint cartilage, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness around the joint. It is the major cause of disability and pain. The prevalence of OA is expected to increase gradually with the aging population and increasing prevalence of obesity. Many potential therapeutic advances have been made in recent years due to the improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of OA. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and can be used as a source of injectable treatments in the OA joint cavity. MSCs are known to be the most studied cell therapy products in cell-based OA therapy owing to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes and their immunomodulatory properties. They have the potential to improve cartilage recovery and ultimately restore healthy joints. However, despite currently available therapies and advances in research, unfulfilled medical needs persist for OA treatment. In this review, we focused on the contents of non-cellular and cellular therapies for OA, and briefly summarized the results of clinical trials for cell-based OA therapy to lay a solid application basis for clinical research.
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18
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Radhakrishnan S, Martin CA, Dhayanithy G, Reddy MS, Rela M, Kalkura SN, Sellathamby S. Hypoxic Preconditioning Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Stem Cells through Epigenetic Alteration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:704-718. [PMID: 33508941 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is considered a key factor in cellular differentiation and proliferation, particularly during embryonic development; the process of early neurogenesis also occurs under hypoxic conditions. Apart from these developmental processes, hypoxia preconditioning or mild hypoxic sensitization develops resistance against ischemic stroke in deteriorating tissues. We therefore hypothesized that neurons resulting from hypoxia-regulated neuronal differentiation could be the best choice for treating brain ischemia, which contributes to neurodegeneration. In this study, infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), an adipose tissue present beneath the knee joint, was used as the stem cell source. IFP-derived stem cells (IFPSCs) are totally adherent and are mesenchymal stem cells. The transdifferentiation protocol involved hypoxia preconditioning, the use of hypoxic-conditioned medium, and maintenance in maturation medium with α-lipoic acid. The differentiated cells were characterized using microscopy, reverse transcription PCR, real time PCR, and immunocytochemistry. To evaluate the epigenetic reprogramming of IFPSCs to become neuron-like cells, methylation microarrays were performed. Hypoxia preconditioning stabilized and allowed for the translocation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α into the nucleus and induced achaete-scute homologue 1 and doublecortin expression. Following induction, the resultant cells expressed neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament-light chain, growth associated protein 43, synaptosome associated protein 25, and β-III tubulin. The differentiated neural-lineage cells had functional gene expression pertaining to neurotransmitters, their release, and their receptors. The molecular signaling mechanisms regulated developmental neurogenesis. Furthermore, the in vitro physiological condition regulated neurotransmitter respecification or switching during IFPSC differentiation to neurons. Thus, differentiated neurons were fabricated against the ischemic region to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathra Radhakrishnan
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Catherine Ann Martin
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | | | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
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Stem cell transplantation for the treatment of osteochondral defects of the knee: Operative technique for a single-stage transplantation procedure using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Knee 2021; 28:400-409. [PMID: 32680778 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a NICE-approved technique to regenerate hyaline cartilage in chondral and osteochondral defects (OCDs). The drawbacks of ACI include that it requires a two-stage approach, involves a lengthy rehabilitation process and is expensive. Bone marrow harvest with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation using a single-stage procedure and an accelerated rehabilitation programme has been developed to overcome this. The aim of this paper is to describe the surgical technique for stem cell transplantation of the knee for OCDs with reference to case examples. METHODS The surgical technique for stem cell transplantation of the knee for OCDs is described, with reference to three cases. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at six months postoperatively. RESULTS The surgical technique is described in this paper. The three patient cases described all improved clinically with reduced pain and improved function at a minimum of six months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell transplantation has the potential to produce favourable outcomes for patients with osteochondral defects of the knee. This single-stage approach and accelerated rehabilitation is associated with reduced financial costs. A long-term prospective study of this technique is currently underway at our institution and randomised controlled trials are planned to demonstrate the effectiveness over other techniques.
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Sriwatananukulkit O, Tawonsawatruk T, Rattanapinyopituk K, Luangwattanawilai T, Srikaew N, Hemstapat R. Scaffold-Free Cartilage Construct from Infrapatellar Fat Pad Stem Cells for Cartilage Restoration. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 28:199-211. [PMID: 32972295 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Once damaged, the articular cartilage has a very limited intrinsic capacity for self-renewal due to its avascular nature. If left untreated, damaged cartilage can lead to progressive degeneration of bone and eventually causes pain. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (IPFP-ASCs) has a potential role for cartilage restoration. However, the therapeutic role for IPFP-ASCs remains to be evaluated in an appropriate osteochondral defect model. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of using a three-dimensional (3D) cartilage construct of IPFP-ASCs as a promising source of cells to restore articular cartilage and to attenuate pain associated with the cartilage defect in an osteochondral defect model. The chondrogenic differentiation potential of the 3D cartilage construct derived from IPFP-ASCs was determined before implantation and postimplantation by gene expression and immunohistochemistry analysis. Pain-related behavior was also assessed by using a weight-bearing test. A significant pain-associated with the osteochondral defect was observed in this model in all groups postinduction; however, this pain can spontaneously resolve within 3 weeks postimplantation regardless of implantation of IPFP-ASCs constructs. The expression of SOX9 and COL2A1 genes in addition to protein expression were strongly expressed in 3D construct IPFP-ASCs. The existence of mature chondrocytes, along with significant (p < 0.05) positive immunostaining for type II collagen and aggrecan, were identified in the implanted site for up to 12 weeks compared with the untreated group, indicating hyaline cartilage regeneration. Taken together, this study demonstrated the successful outcome of osteochondral regeneration with scaffold-free IPFP-ASCs constructs in an osteochondral defect rat model. It provides novel and interesting insights into the current hypothesis that 3D construct IPFP-ASCs may offer potential benefits as an alternative approach to repair the cartilage defect. Impact statement This study provides evidence of using the human 3D scaffold-free infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (IPFP-ASCs) construct to restore the full-thickness osteochondral defect in a rat model. This study showed that chondrogenic features of the construct could be retained for up to 12 weeks postimplantation. The results of this proof-of-concept study support that human 3D scaffold-free IPFP-ASCs construct has potential benefits in promoting the hyaline-like native cartilage restoration, which may be beneficial as a tissue-specific stem cell for cell-based cartilage therapy. There are several clinical advantages of IPFP-ASC including ease and minimal invasive harvesting, chondrogenic inducible property, and tissue-specific progenitors in the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Narongrit Srikaew
- Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruedee Hemstapat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zeng N, Yan ZP, Chen XY, Ni GX. Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Knee Osteoarthritis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1317-1328. [PMID: 33014539 PMCID: PMC7505265 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent arthritis typically characterized by degradation of cartilage. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Currently, osteoarthritis is best considered a disease of the whole "joint organ". Infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), an adipose tissue near synovium, is now attaching importance to researchers for its inflammatory phenotype. In this narrative review, a large body of evidence has been gathered for the involvement of IFP in the development of knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of how IFP can be involved in this process have been proposed. However, further investigations are needed to better understand its precise role in this process and its underlying mechanism, and beyond that, to develop new strategies to slow down the degenerative process and explore an effective and timely diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Guo-Xin Ni, School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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Yang Z, Li H, Yuan Z, Fu L, Jiang S, Gao C, Wang F, Zha K, Tian G, Sun Z, Huang B, Wei F, Cao F, Sui X, Peng J, Lu S, Guo W, Liu S, Guo Q. Endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:31-52. [PMID: 32652223 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of timely and proper treatments, injuries to articular cartilage (AC) can lead to cartilage degeneration and ultimately result in osteoarthritis. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering techniques are emerging as promising approaches for AC regeneration and repair. Although the use of cell-seeded scaffolds prior to implantation can regenerate and repair cartilage lesions to some extent, these approaches are still restricted by limited cell sources, excessive costs, risks of disease transmission and complex manufacturing practices. Recently developed acellular scaffold approaches that rely on the recruitment of endogenous cells to the injured sites avoid these drawbacks and offer great promise for in situ AC regeneration. Multiple endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs) are found in joint-resident niches and have the capability to migrate to sites of injury to participate in AC regeneration. However, the natural recruitment of ESPCs is insufficient, and the local microenvironment is hostile after injury. Hence, an endogenous cell recruitment strategy based on the combination of chemoattractants and acellular scaffolds to effectively and specifically recruit ESPCs and improve local microenvironment may provide new insights into in situ AC regeneration. This review provides a brief overview of: (1) the status of endogenous cell recruitment strategy; (2) the subpopulations, potential migration routes (PMRs) of joint-resident ESPCs and their immunomodulatory and reparative effects; (3) chemoattractants and their potential adverse effects; (4) scaffold-based drug delivery systems (SDDSs) that are utilized for in situ AC regeneration; and (5) the challenges and future perspectives of endogenous cell recruitment strategy for AC regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although the endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage (AC) regeneration has been investigated for several decades, much work remains to be performed in this field. Future studies should have the following aims: (1) reporting the up-to-date progress in the endogenous cell recruitment strategies; (2) determining the subpopulations of ESPCs, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the migration of these cells and their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and reparative effects; (3) elucidating the chemoattractants that enhance ESPC recruitment and their potential adverse effects; and (4) developing advanced SDDSs for chemoattractant dispatch. Herein, we present a systematic overview of the aforementioned issues to provide a better understanding of endogenous cell recruitment strategies for AC regeneration and repair.
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Greif DN, Kouroupis D, Murdock CJ, Griswold AJ, Kaplan LD, Best TM, Correa D. Infrapatellar Fat Pad/Synovium Complex in Early-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential New Target and Source of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 32850724 PMCID: PMC7399076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has until recently been viewed as a densely vascular and innervated intracapsular/extrasynovial tissue with biomechanical roles in the anterior compartment of the knee. Over the last decade, secondary to the proposition that the IFP and synovium function as a single unit, its recognized tight molecular crosstalk with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of joint disease, and the characterization of immune-related resident cells with varying phenotypes (e.g., pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages), this structural complex has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target in patients with various knee pathologies including osteoarthritis (KOA). Furthermore, the description of the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) as perivascular cells within the IFP (IFP-MSC), exhibiting immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and neutralizing activities over key local mediators, has promoted the IFP as an alternative source of MSC for cell-based therapy protocols. These complementary concepts have supported the growing notion of immune and inflammatory events participating in the pathogenesis of KOA, with the IFP/synovium complex engaging not only in amplifying local pathological responses, but also as a reservoir of potential therapeutic cell-based products. Consequently, the aim of this review is to outline the latest discoveries related with the IFP/synovium complex as both an active participant during KOA initiation and progression thus emerging as a potential target, and a source of therapeutic IFP-MSCs. Finally, we discuss how these notions may help the design of novel treatments for KOA through modulation of local cellular and molecular cascades that ultimately lead to joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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24
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Kouroupis D, Bowles AC, Greif DN, Leñero C, Best TM, Kaplan LD, Correa D. Regulatory-compliant conditions during cell product manufacturing enhance in vitro immunomodulatory properties of infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:677-689. [PMID: 32723596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have gained attention as potential alternatives for multiple musculoskeletal indications based on their trophic and immunomodulatory properties. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) serves as a reservoir of MSCs, which play crucial roles modulating inflammatory and fibrotic events at the IFP and its neighboring tissue, the synovium. In an effort to comply with the existing regulatory framework regarding cell-based product manufacturing, we interrogated the in vitro immunomodulatory capacity of human-derived IFP-MSCs processed under different conditions, including a regulatory-compliant protocol, in addition to their response to the inflammatory and fibrotic environments often present in joint disease. METHODS Immunophenotype, telomere length, transcriptional and secretory immunomodulatory profiles and functional immunopotency assay were assessed in IFP-MSCs expanded in regular fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented medium and side-by-side compared with same-donor cells processed with two media alternatives (i.e., regulatory-compliant pooled human platelet lysate [hPL] and a chemically reinforced/serum-reduced [Ch-R] formulation). Finally, to assess the effects of such formulations on the ability of the cells to respond to pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic conditions, all three groups were stimulated ex vivo (i.e., cell priming) with a cocktail containing TNFα, IFNγ and connective tissue growth factor (tumor-initiating cells) and compared with non-induced cohorts assessing the same outcomes. RESULTS Non-induced and primed IFP-MSCs expanded in either hPL or Ch-R showed distinct morphology in vitro, similar telomere dynamics and distinct phenotypical and molecular profiles when compared with cohorts grown in FBS. Gene expression of IL-8, CD10 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was highly enriched in similarly processed IFP-MSCs. Cell surface markers related to the immunomodulatory capacity, including CD146 and CD10, were highly expressed, and secretion of immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic factors was significantly enhanced with both hPL and Ch-R formulations. Upon priming, the immunomodulatory phenotype was enhanced, resulting in further increase in CD146 and CD10, significant CXCR4 presence and reduction in TLR3. Similarly, transcriptional and secretory profiles were enriched and more pronounced in IFP-MSCs expanded in either hPL or Ch-R, suggesting a synergistic effect between these formulations and inflammatory/fibrotic priming conditions. Collectively, increased indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity and prostaglandin E2 secretion for hPL- and Ch-R-expanded IFP-MSCs were functionally reflected by their robust T-cell proliferation suppression capacity in vitro compared with IFP-MSCs expanded in FBS, even after priming. CONCLUSIONS Compared with processing using an FBS-supplemented medium, processing IFP-MSCs with either hPL or Ch-R similarly enhances their immunomodulatory properties, which are further increased after exposure to an inflammatory/fibrotic priming environment. This evidence supports the adoption of regulatory-compliant practices during the manufacturing of a cell-based product based on IFP-MSCs and anticipates a further enhanced response once the cells face the pathological environment after intra-articular administration. Mechanistically, the resulting functionally enhanced cell-based product has potential utilization as a novel, minimally invasive cell therapy for joint disease through modulation of local immune and inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Clarissa Leñero
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cryovida Banco de Células Madre Adultas, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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25
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Li T, Zhou X, Wang J, Liu Z, Han S, Wan L, Sun X, Chen H. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles confer antitumor activity in preclinical treatment of breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104843. [PMID: 32360582 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both antitumor and protumor property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated. We hypothesize that this contradiction is due to the heterogeneity of MSC subsets and that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from distinct MSC subsets can transfer the corresponding antitumor activities. Here we evaluated the antitumor activities of two subsets of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) in immunocompetent syngeneic mouse models of breast cancer. We identified CD90high and CD90low ADSC subsets and demonstrated that CD90high ADSCs could be converted into CD90low ADSCs by stimulation with LPS. CD90low ADSCs and its derived EVs significantly inhibited tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Benefit of tumor control were associated with decreased tumor cell proliferation and migration, and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis mediated by ADSC-EVs. Antioncogenic miRNA-16-5p loaded CD90low ADSC-EVs further significantly enhanced antitumor activities. Taken together, this study represents the first attempt to apply our newly identified antitumor ADSCs and its derived EVs in preclinical treatment of breast cancer. This study also provides the evidence that EVs can serve as a novel and effective therapeutics or drug delivery vesicle. This new therapeutic approach could be potentially applicable to breast cancer and many other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaohe Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jingzhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Sen Han
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wan
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Huabiao Chen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Zhong YC, Wang SC, Han YH, Wen Y. Recent Advance in Source, Property, Differentiation, and Applications of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2560174. [PMID: 32215015 PMCID: PMC7081037 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2560174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) can be easily obtained during knee surgery, which avoids the damage to patients for obtaining IPFP. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) are also called infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) because the morphology of IPFP-ASCs is similar to that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). IPFP-ASCs are attracting more and more attention due to their characteristics suitable to regenerative medicine such as strong proliferation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, antiaging, secreting cytokines, multipotential capacity, and 3D culture. IPFP-ASCs can repair articular cartilage and relieve the pain caused by osteoarthritis, so most of IPFP-related review articles focus on osteoarthritis. This article reviews the anatomy and function of IPFP, as well as the discovery, amplification, multipotential capacity, and application of IPFP-ASCs in order to explain why IPFP-ASC is a superior stem cell source in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-chen Zhong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Class 4, Phase 102, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shi-chun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Class 4, Phase 102, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yin-he Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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27
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Chimutengwende-Gordon M, Donaldson J, Bentley G. Current solutions for the treatment of chronic articular cartilage defects in the knee. EFORT Open Rev 2020; 5:156-163. [PMID: 32296549 PMCID: PMC7144889 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondral and osteochondral defects in the knee are common and may lead to degenerative joint disease if treated inappropriately. Conventional treatments such as microfracture often result in fibrocartilage formation and are associated with inferior results. Additionally, microfracture is generally unsuitable for the treatment of defects larger than 2–4 cm2. The osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS) has been shown to produce superior clinical outcomes to microfracture but is technically difficult and may be associated with donor-site morbidity. Osteochondral allograft use is limited by graft availability and failure of cartilage incorporation is an issue. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been shown to result in repair with hyaline-like cartilage but involves a two-stage procedure and is relatively expensive. Rehabilitation after ACI takes 12 months, which is inconvenient and not feasible for athletic patients. Newer methods to regenerate cartilage include autologous stem cell transplantation, which may be performed as a single-stage procedure, can have a shorter rehabilitation period and is less expensive than ACI. Longer-term studies of these methods are needed.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:156-163. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190031
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Donaldson
- Joint Reconstruction Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - George Bentley
- Joint Reconstruction Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, UK
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28
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Piccione M, Belluzzi E, Petrelli L, Pozzuoli A, Ramonda R, Rossato M, Favero M, Ruggieri P, Porzionato A, Di Liddo R, De Caro R, Macchi V. Infrapatellar Fat Pad Stem Cells Responsiveness to Microenvironment in Osteoarthritis: From Morphology to Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:323. [PMID: 31921840 PMCID: PMC6914674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has been considered as a source of stem cells for cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) due to their ability for differentiation into chondrocytes. However, stressful conditions, like that related to OA, may induce a pathogenic reprograming. The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and functional properties of a new population of stem cells isolated from osteoarthritic infrapatellar fat pad (OA-IFP). Nine OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were enrolled in this study [median age = 74 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 78.25-67.7; median body mass index = 29.4 Kg/m2, IQR = 31.7-27.4]. OA-IFP stem cells were isolated and characterized for morphology, stemness, metabolic profile and multi-differentiative potential by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, gene expression study and cytochemistry. OA-IFP stem cells displayed a spindle-like morphology, self-renewal potential and responsiveness (CD44, CD105, VEGFR2, FGFR2, IL1R, and IL6R) to microenvironmental stimuli. Characterized by high grade of stemness (STAT3, NOTCH1, c-Myc, OCT-4, KLF4, and NANOG), the cells showed peculiar immunophenotypic properties (CD73+/CD39+/CD90+/CD105+/CD44–/+/CD45–). The expression of HLA-DR, CD34, Fas and FasL was indicative of a possible phenotypic reprograming induced by inflammation. Moreover, the response to mechanical stimuli together with high expression level of COL1A1 gene, suggested their possible protective response against in vivo mechanical overloading. Conversely, the low expression of CD38/NADase was indicative of their inability to counteract NAD+-mediated OA inflammation. Based on the ultrastructural, immunophenotypic and functional characterization, OA-IFP stem cells were hypothesized to be primed by the pathological environment and to exert incomplete protective activity from OA inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Assunta Pozzuoli
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Rossato
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS, Padua, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
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29
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Mantripragada VP, Piuzzi NS, Bova WA, Boehm C, Obuchowski NA, Lefebvre V, Midura RJ, Muschler GF. Donor-matched comparison of chondrogenic progenitors resident in human infrapatellar fat pad, synovium, and periosteum - implications for cartilage repair. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:597-610. [PMID: 31020864 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1611795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: There is a clinical need to better characterize tissue sources being used for stem cell therapies. This study focuses on comparison of cells and connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) derived from native human infrapatellar fatpad (IPFP), synovium (SYN), and periosteum (PERI). Materials and Methods: IPFP, SYN, PERI were harvested from twenty-eight patients undergoing arthroplasty. CTPs were quantitatively characterized using automated colony-forming-unit assay to compare total nucleated cell concentration-[Cell], cells/mg; prevalence-(PCTP), CTPs/million nucleated cells; CTP concentration-[CTP], CTPs/mg; proliferation and differentiation potential; and correlate outcomes with patient's age and gender. Results: [Cell] did not differ between IPFP, SYN, and PERI. PCTP was influenced by age and gender: patients >60 years, IPFP and SYN had higher PCTP than PERI (p < 0.001) and females had higher PCTP in IPFP (p < 0.001) and SYN (p = 0.001) than PERI. [CTP] was influenced by age: patients <50 years, SYN (p = 0.0165) and PERI (p < 0.001) had higher [CTP] than IPFP; patients between 60 and 69 years, SYN (p < 0.001) had higher [CTP] than PERI; patients >70 years, IPFP (p = 0.006) had higher [CTP] than PERI. In patients >60 years, proliferation potential of CTPs differed significantly (SYN>IPFP>PERI); however, differentiation potentials were comparable between all three tissue sources. Conclusion: SYN and IPFP may serve as a preferred tissue source for patients >60 years, and PERI along with SYN and IPFP may serve as a preferred tissue source for patients <60 years for cartilage repair. However, the heterogeneity among the CTPs in any given tissue source suggests performance-based selection might be useful to optimize cell-sourcing strategies to improve efficacy of cellular therapies for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Mantripragada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - N S Piuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - W A Bova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - C Boehm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - N A Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - V Lefebvre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - R J Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - G F Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
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30
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Fu Z, Song X, Guo L, Yang L, Chen C. Effects of Conditioned Medium From Osteoarthritic Cartilage Fragments on Donor-Matched Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:2927-2936. [PMID: 31461339 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519869241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have emerged as a promising strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. In particular, infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP)-derived MSCs have become a good option to treat knee OA. PURPOSE To investigate the influence of the local microenvironment of the knee joint, especially OA cartilage, on the bioactivities of injected/implanted IPFP MSCs. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) derived from OA cartilage fragments was collected and characterized. Donor-matched IPFP MSCs were treated with control medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM)/F-12 or chondrogenic medium), control medium + CM, or CM alone; and a series of behaviors including the viability, migration, chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation, and catabolic activity of IPFP MSCs were evaluated among groups. RESULTS There were 14 cytokines detected in CM. CM treatment improved the viability of IPFP MSCs. CM hindered the migration of IPFP MSCs. In chondrogenic differentiation, the presence of CM increased the expression of chondrogenic markers but also enhanced the state of hypertrophy and catabolism. CONCLUSION OA cartilage-secreted factors could induce chondrogenic differentiation but also resulted in negative effects including the weakened migration, increased hypertrophy, and catabolism of IPFP MSCs in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings provide an insight on the fate of IPFP MSCs after intra-articular injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlan Fu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Shi B, Wei W, Qin X, Zhao F, Duan Y, Sun W, Li D, Cao Y. Mapping theme trends and knowledge structure on adipose-derived stem cells: a bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2017. Regen Med 2018; 14:33-48. [PMID: 30547725 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the theme trends and knowledge structure of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) related literatures by using bibliometric analysis. MATERIALS & METHODS Co-word analysis, strategic diagram and social network analysis were employed. RESULTS In line with strategic diagrams, ADSC differentiation and transplantation as main undeveloped themes in 2003-2007 were partially replaced by regeneration medicine and ADSCs for myocardial infarction in 2008 to 2012, and then partially replaced by miRNAs in ADSC genetics and nerve regeneration in 2013 to 2017. Based on social network analysis, regenerative medicine/methods, myocardial infarction/therapy, as well as miRNAs/genetics, and nerve regeneration/physiology were considered the emerging hot spots in 2008 to 2012 and 2013 to 2017. CONCLUSION The undeveloped themes and emerging hot spots could be considered as new research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Shi
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.,Functional Laboratory Center, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China.,Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.,Biomedical Technology Cluster, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation, 2 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Yucen Duan
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Weinan Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Da Li
- Centerof Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
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Yin H, Wang Y, Sun X, Cui G, Sun Z, Chen P, Xu Y, Yuan X, Meng H, Xu W, Wang A, Guo Q, Lu S, Peng J. Functional tissue-engineered microtissue derived from cartilage extracellular matrix for articular cartilage regeneration. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:127-141. [PMID: 30030172 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a promising cell carrier prepared from articular cartilage slices, designated cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived particles (CEDPs), through processes involving physical pulverization, size screening, and chemical decellularization. Rabbit articular chondrocytes (ACs) or adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) rapidly attached to the surface of the CEDPs and proliferated with high cell viability under microgravity (MG) condition in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) or static condition. Gene profiling results demonstrated that ACs expanded on CEDPs exhibited significantly enhanced chondrogenic phenotypes compared with monolayer culture, and that ASCs differentiated into a chondrogenic phenotype without the use of exogenous growth factors. Moreover, MG culture conditions in a RCCS bioreactor were superior to static culture conditions in terms of maintaining the chondrogenic phenotype of ACs and inducing ACS chondrogenesis. With prolonged expansion, functional microtissue aggregates of AC- or ASC-laden CEDPs were formed. Further, AC- or ASC-based microtissues were directly implanted in vivo to repair articular osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. Histological results, biomechanical evaluations, and radiographic assessments indicated that AC- and ASC-based microtissues displayed equal levels of superior hyaline cartilage repair, whereas the other two treatment groups, in which osteochondral defects were treated with CEDPs alone or fibrin glue, exhibited primarily fibrous tissue repair. These findings provide an alternative method for cell culture and stem cell differentiation and a promising strategy for constructing tissue-engineered cartilage microtissues for cartilage regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite the remarkable progress in cartilage tissue engineering, cartilage repair still remains elusive. In the present study, we developed a cell carrier, namely cartilage extracellular matrix-derived particles (CEDPs), for cell proliferation of articular chondrocytes (ACs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which improved the maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype of ACs, and induced chondrogenesis of ASCs. Moreover, the functional microtissue aggregates of AC- or ASC-laden CEDPs induced equal levels of superior hyaline cartilage repair in a rabbit model. Therefore, our study demonstrated an alternative method for chondrocyte culture and stem cell differentiation, and a promising strategy for constructing tissue-engineered cartilage microtissues for in vivo articular cartilage repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Yin
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China; Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Ganghua Cui
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Yichi Xu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Xueling Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Shibi Lu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China.
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Onofrillo C, Duchi S, O'Connell CD, Blanchard R, O'Connor AJ, Scott M, Wallace GG, Choong PFM, Di Bella C. Biofabrication of human articular cartilage: a path towards the development of a clinical treatment. Biofabrication 2018; 10:045006. [PMID: 30088479 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aad8d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage injuries cause pain and loss of function, and if severe may result in osteoarthritis (OA). 3D bioprinting is now a tangible option for the delivery of bioscaffolds capable of regenerating the deficient cartilage tissue. Our team has developed a handheld device, the Biopen, to allow in situ additive manufacturing during surgery. Given its ability to extrude in a core/shell manner, the Biopen can preserve cell viability during the biofabrication process, and it is currently the only biofabrication tool tested as a surgical instrument in a sheep model using homologous stem cells. As a necessary step toward the development of a clinically relevant protocol, we aimed to demonstrate that our handheld extrusion device can successfully be used for the biofabrication of human cartilage. Therefore, this study is a required step for the development of a surgical treatment in human patients. In this work we specifically used human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs), harvested from the infra-patellar fat pad of donor patients affected by OA, to also prove that they can be utilized as the source of cells for the future clinical application. With the Biopen, we generated bioscaffolds made of hADSCs laden in gelatin methacrylate, hyaluronic acid methacrylate and cultured in the presence of chondrogenic stimuli for eight weeks in vitro. A comprehensive characterisation including gene and protein expression analyses, immunohistology, confocal microscopy, second harmonic generation, light sheet imaging, atomic force mycroscopy and mechanical unconfined compression demonstrated that our strategy resulted in human hyaline-like cartilage formation. Our in situ biofabrication approach represents an innovation with important implications for customizing cartilage repair in patients with cartilage injuries and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Onofrillo
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia. ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia. BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Miana VV, González EAP. Adipose tissue stem cells in regenerative medicine. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:822. [PMID: 29662535 PMCID: PMC5880231 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal cells with the capacity for self-renewal and multipotential differentiation. This multipotentiality allows them to become adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, osteoblasts and neurocytes among other cell lineages. Stem cells and, in particular, adipose tissue-derived cells, play a key role in reconstructive or tissue engineering medicine as they have already proven effective in developing new treatments. The purpose of this work is to review the applications of ADSCs in various areas of regenerative medicine, as well as some of the risks associated with treatment with ADSCs in neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Verónica Miana
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Health Sciences, Interamerican Open University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elio A Prieto González
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Health Sciences, Interamerican Open University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Labusca L, Zugun-Eloae F. The Unexplored Role of Intra-articular Adipose Tissue in the Homeostasis and Pathology of Articular Joints. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:35. [PMID: 29556503 PMCID: PMC5845097 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular adipose tissue deposits known as articular fat pads (AFPs) are described to exist within synovial joints. Their assumed role in normal joint biomechanics is increasingly objectivized by means of advanced methods of functional imaging. AFPs possess structural similarity with body subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT), however, seems to be regulated by independent metabolic loops. AFP dimension are conserved during extreme WAT states: obesity, metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophy, and cachexia. Hoffa fat pad (HFP) in the knee is increasingly recognized as a major player in pathological joint states such as anterior knee pain and osteoarthritis. HFP contains numerous population of mesenchymal and endothelial progenitors; however, the possible role of mature adipocytes in the maintenance of stem cell niche is unknown. We propose that AFP is an active component of the joint organ with multifunctional roles in the maintenance of joint homeostasis. Endowed with a rich network of sensitive nervous fibbers, AFPs may act as a proprioceptive organ. Adipokines and growth factors released by AFP-resident mature adipocytes could participate in the maintenance of progenitor stem cell niche as well as in local immune regulation. AFP metabolism may be locally controlled, correlated with but independent of WAT homeostasis. The identification of AFP role in normal joint turnover and its possible implication in pathological states could deliver diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Drug and/or cell therapies that restore AFP structure and function could become the next step in the design of disease modifying therapies for disabling joint conditions such as osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Emergency County Hospital Saint Spiridon, Iasi, Romania
- *Correspondence: Luminita Labusca,
| | - Florin Zugun-Eloae
- Immunology and Genetics, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ias‚i, Romania
- Regional Institute of Oncology Iasi - IRO, Ias‚i, Romania
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