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Liu Z, Yin Y, Wang Z, Xie L, Deng P, Wang D, Ji N, Zhao H, Han X, Chen Q, Chung CH, Bai D, Zhao X. RANKL inhibition halts lesion progression and promotes bone remineralization in mice with fibrous dysplasia. Bone 2022; 156:116301. [PMID: 34952228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bone disease caused by GNAS mutation in skeletal stem cells, typically originating from and worsening in childhood. Till now, no cure for FD exists despite the well-recognized etiology. Studies have demonstrated that osteoclastogenesis hyperactivity is caused by elevated RANKL expression, making RANKL inhibition a potential therapy. Although a human monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody, denosumab, has been used in FD patients, the effects and mechanisms of RANKL inhibition for FD treatment require assessment. Denosumab is expensive and can only be injected. Therefore, formulating an oral-administered, cost-effective medicine is encouraged. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a small-molecule RANKL inhibitor, AS2676293, on a transgenic FD mouse model. AS2676293 effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and halted FD progression. The pre-existing bone defects were primarily replaced by newly formed mineralized bone after two weeks of AS2676293 administration. The potent RANKL inhibitory effect and easier route of delivery make AS2676293 a promising target therapy of FD. Results from our study suggested that RANKL inhibition is effective in halting FD progression and promoting bone remineralization, which could benefit the patients with early onset of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yijia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chun-Hsi Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Wang SP, Chen YJ, Hsu CE, Chiu YC, Tsai MT, Hsu JT. Intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment affects the bone structural parameters and mechanical strength of the femoral neck after ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:6. [PMID: 35090461 PMCID: PMC8800236 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Menopause-induced decline in estrogen levels in women is a main factor leading to osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone structural parameters of the femoral neck in ovariectomized rats, in addition to correlations of maximum fracture force. Methods Fifteen female Wister rats were divided into three groups: (1) control group; (2) ovariectomized (OVX) group; and (3) OVX + PTH group. All rats were then killed and the femurs extracted for microcomputed tomography scanning to measure volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone structural parameters of the femoral neck. Furthermore, the fracture forces of femoral neck were measured using a material testing system. Results Compared with the control and OVX + PTH groups, the OVX group had significantly lower aBMD, bone parameter, and mechanical strength values. A comparison between OVX and OVX + PTH groups indicated that PTH treatment increased several bone parameters. However, the OVX + PTH groups did not significantly differ with the control group with respect to the bone structural parameters, except for trabecular bone thickness of cancellous bone, which was greater. In addition, among the bone structural parameters, the CSA and BSI of cortical bone were significantly correlated with the maximum fracture force of the femoral neck, with correlations of, respectively, 0.682 (p = 0.005) and 0.700 (p = 0.004). Conclusion Intermittent PTH helped treat ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis of cancellous bone and cortical bone in the femoral necks of rats. The ability of the femoral neck to resist fracture was highly correlated with the two parameters, namely cross-sectional area (CSA) and bone strength index (= vBMD × CSA), of cortical bone in the femoral neck and was less correlated with aBMD or other bone structural parameters.
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Monzem S, Gohin S, Yagüe Ballester R, Lopes de Souza R, Meeson R, Pitsillides AA. An examination of two different approaches for the study of femoral neck fracture: Towards a more relevant rodent model. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 236:199-207. [PMID: 34694183 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211053057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Femoral neck fractures are a massive personal and health programme burden. Methods to study femoral neck strength, across its combined trabecular and cortical components are therefore essential. Rodent ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis models are commonly coupled with ex vivo 3-/4-point bending methods to measure changes in femoral cortical diaphysis. The loading direction used to assess these properties are often non-physiologic and, moreover, these ovariectomy models are linked to marked weight gain that can influence the biomechanical properties. Herein, we explore whether more physiological axial ex vivo loading protocols applied to femoral neck samples of ovariectomised (OVX) rodents provide anatomically-relevant models for the assessment of strength. We examine the use of mouse and rat femurs, loaded in constrained and unconstrained configuration, respectively, and explore whether weight-correction increases their utility. Accordingly, the mid-shaft of the proximal half of femurs from OVX and sham-operated (Sham) mice was methacrylate-anchored and the head loaded parallel to the diaphysis (constrained). Alternatively, femurs from OVX and Sham rats were isolated intact and axially-loaded through hip and knee joint articular surfaces (unconstrained). Yield displacement, stiffness, maximum load and resilience were measured and fracture pattern classified; effects of body weight-correction via a linear regression method or simple division were assessed. Our data reveal significant deficiencies in biomechanical properties in OVX mouse femurs loaded in constrained configuration, only after weight-correction by linear regression. In addition, evaluation of rat femur biomechanics in unconstrained loading demonstrated greater variation and that weight-correction by simple division improved scope to reveal significant OVX impact. We conclude that greater femoral neck fracture susceptibility can indeed be measured in OVX rodents as long as multiple biomechanical parameters are reported, care is taken in choosing the method for assessing load-bearing strength and weight-correction applied. These studies advance the establishment of more relevant rodent models for the study of femoral neck fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Monzem
- The Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,Veterinary College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Gohin
- The Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Rafael Yagüe Ballester
- Biomaterials and Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Meeson
- Clinical Science and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Different storage times and their effect on the bending load to failure testing of murine bone tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17412. [PMID: 33060685 PMCID: PMC7562872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a well-established method for bone storage. However, the ideal timing of mechanical testing after sacrificing the experimental animals is still under discussion and of significant importance to the presentation of accurate results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and compare different cryopreservation durations to native murine bone and whether there was an influence on mechanical bone testing. For this study the tibias of 57 female C57BL/6 mice—18-weeks of age—were harvested and randomly allocated to one of four groups with varying storage times: (1) frozen at −80 °C for 3 months, (2) frozen at −80 °C for 6 months, (3) frozen at −80 °C for 12 months and (4) native group. The native group was immediately tested after harvesting. The comparison of the mean strength and load to failure rates demonstrated a significant difference between the storage groups compared to the native control (p = 0.007). However, there was no difference in the strength and the load to failure values of bones of all storage groups when compared against each other. Once cryopreservation at −80 °C is performed, no differences of mechanical bone properties are seen up to 12 months of storage. When actual in vivo data is of close interest, immediate testing should be considered and is preferred. If comparison of groups is required and long-time storage is necessary, cryopreservation seems to be an accurate method at present.
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Vasconcellos LMR, Elias CDMV, Minhoto GB, Abdala JMA, Andrade TM, de Araujo JCR, Gusmão SBS, Viana BC, Marciano FR, Lobo AO. Rotary-jet spun polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds modified by simulated body fluid influenced the flexural mode of the neoformed bone. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:72. [PMID: 32719958 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biocompatible, biodegradable synthetic polymer which in combination with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) can give rise to a low cost, nontoxic bioactive product with excellent mechanical properties and slow degradation. Here we produced, characterized and evaluated in vivo the bone formation of PCL/nHAp scaffolds produced by the rotary jet spinning technique. The scaffolds produced were firstly soaked into simulated body fluid for 21 days to also obtain nHAp onto PCL/nHAp scaffolds. Afterwards, the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. For in vivo experiments, 20 male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided in 4 experimental groups (n = 5). A critical defect of 3 mm in diameter was made in the tibia of the animals, which were filled with G1 control (clot); G2-PCL scaffold; G3-PCL/nHAp (5%) scaffold; G4-PCL/nHAp (20%) scaffold. All animals were euthanized 60 days after surgery, and the bone repair in the right tibiae were evaluated by radiographic analysis, histological analysis and histomorphometric analysis. While in the left tibias, the areas of bone repair were submitted to the flexural strength test. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses no showed statistical difference in new bone formation between the groups, but in the three-point flexural tests, the PCL/nHAp (20%) scaffold positively influenced the flexural mode of the neoformed bone. These findings indicate that PCL/nHAp (20%) scaffold improve biomechanical properties of neoformed bone and could be used for bone medicine regenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M R Vasconcellos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, 12245-000, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Giovanna B Minhoto
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, 12245-000, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia M A Abdala
- Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, 08230-030, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telmo M Andrade
- Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, 08230-030, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Uninassau University, 64017-775, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Juliani C R de Araujo
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, 12245-000, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bartolomeu C Viana
- Department of Physics, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- LIMAV - Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Marciano
- LIMAV - Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Department of Physics, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Galanis D, Soultanis K, Lelovas P, Zervas A, Papadopoulos P, Galanos A, Argyropoulou K, Makropoulou M, Patsaki A, Passali C, Tsingotjidou A, Kourkoulis S, Mitakou S, Dontas I. Protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots extract on bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2019; 9:8. [PMID: 31124454 PMCID: PMC6533940 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the methanolic extract of plant Glycyrrhiza glabra roots on bone mineral density and femoral bone strength of ovariectomized rats. Methods: Thirty 10-month-old Wistar rats were randomly separated into three groups of ten, Control, Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza in their drinking water. Total and proximal tibial bone mineral density was measured in all groups before ovariectomy (baseline) and after 3 and 6 months post ovariectomy. Three-point-bending of the femurs and uterine weight and histology were examined at the end of the study. Results: No significant difference was noted in bone density percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 3 months between Control and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups (+5.31% ± 4.75 and +3.30% ± 6.31 respectively, P = non significant), and of proximal tibia accordingly (+5.58% ± 6.92 and +2.61% ± 13.62, P = non significant) demonstrating a strong osteoprotective effect. There was notable difference in percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 6 months between groups Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza (−13.03% ± 5.11 and −0.84% ± 7.63 respectively, P < 0.005), and of proximal tibia accordingly (−27.9% ± 3.69 and −0.81% ± 14.85 respectively, P < 0.001), confirming the protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract in preserving bone density of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group. Three-point-bending did not reveal any statistically significant difference between Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups. Uterine weights of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group ranged between the other two groups with no statistically significant difference to each. Conclusions: Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract notably protected tibial bone mineral density loss in Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza rats in comparison with ovariectomized rats, but did not improve biomechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Galanis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Soultanis
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Attiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Lelovas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Zervas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Makropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina Passali
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsingotjidou
- Lab. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Veterinary Medicine,
| | - Stavros Kourkoulis
- Department of Mechanics, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ismene Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Effect of two (short-term) storage methods on load to failure testing of murine bone tissue. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5961. [PMID: 30976119 PMCID: PMC6459877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since mechanical testing of bone quality is often delayed following euthanasia, the method of bone storage is of high importance in animal studies. Different storage methods may cause a change in the properties of bone tissue during mechanical testing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects of two different fixation methods for bone tissue. We hypothesized that there is a difference between the load to failure values between the two groups. The tibias of fifteen 18-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were harvested and randomly allocated to three different groups with varying storage methods: (1) frozen at -80 °C, (2) paraformaldehyde working solution, and (3) native group. A storage time of two weeks prior to testing was chosen for groups 1 and 2. In group 3, referred to as the "native group", bones were immediately tested after the harvesting procedure. The comparison of the mean load to failure of all 3 groups (group 1: 28.7 N ± 6.1 N, group 2: 23.8 N ± 3.8 N and group 3: 23.7 N ± 5.7 N) did not reveal a significant difference. There was also no difference in strength or stiffness. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the two most common storage methods, do not have an influence on the biomechanical properties of murine bone over a two week period.
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