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Gamma-band oscillations of pain and nociception: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human and rodent studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105062. [PMID: 36682424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pain-induced gamma-band oscillations (GBOs) are one of the most promising biomarkers of the pain experience. Although GBOs reliably encode pain perception across different individuals and species, considerable heterogeneity could be observed in the characteristics and functions of GBOs. However, such heterogeneity of GBOs and its underlying sources have rarely been detailed previously. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the temporal, frequential, and spatial characteristics of GBOs and summarize the functional significance of distinct GBOs. We found that GBO heterogeneity was mainly related to pain types, with a higher frequency (∼66 Hz) GBOs at the sensorimotor cortex elicited by phasic pain and a lower frequency (∼55 Hz) GBOs at the prefrontal cortex associated with tonic and chronic pains. Positive correlations between GBO magnitudes and pain intensity were observed in healthy participants. Notably, the characteristics and functions of GBOs seemed to be phylogenetically conserved across humans and rodents. Altogether, we provided a comprehensive description of heterogeneous GBOs in pain and nociception, laying the foundation for clinical applications of GBOs.
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Papaioannou A, Kalantzi E, Papageorgiou CC, Korombili K, Bokou A, Pehlivanidis A, Papageorgiou CC, Papaioannou G. Differences in Performance of ASD and ADHD Subjects Facing Cognitive Loads in an Innovative Reasoning Experiment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1531. [PMID: 34827530 PMCID: PMC8615740 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate whether EEG dynamics differ in adults with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) and ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) compared with healthy subjects during the performance of an innovative cognitive task, Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms, and how these differences correlate with brain regions and behavioral data for each subject. We recorded EEGs from 14 scalp electrodes (channels) in 21 adults with ADHD, 21 with ASD, and 21 healthy, normal subjects. The subjects were exposed in a set of innovative cognitive tasks (inducing varying cognitive loads), Aristotle's two types of syllogism mentioned above. A set of 39 questions were given to participants related to valid-invalid syllogisms as well as a separate set of questionnaires, in order to collect a number of demographic and behavioral data, with the aim of detecting shared information with values of a feature extracted from EEG, the multiscale entropy (MSE), in the 14 channels ('brain regions'). MSE, a nonlinear information-theoretic measure of complexity, was computed to extract a feature that quantifies the complexity of the EEG. Behavior-Partial Least Squares Correlation, PLSC, is the method to detect the correlation between two sets of data, brain, and behavioral measures. -PLSC, a variant of PLSC, was applied to build a functional connectivity of the brain regions involved in the reasoning tasks. Graph-theoretic measures were used to quantify the complexity of the functional networks. Based on the results of the analysis described in this work, a mixed 14 × 2 × 3 ANOVA showed significant main effects of group factor and brain region* syllogism factor, as well as a significant brain region* group interaction. There are significant differences between the means of MSE (complexity) values at the 14 channels of the members of the 'pathological' groups of participants, i.e., between ASD and ADHD, while the difference in means of MSE between both ASD and ADHD and that of the control group is not significant. In conclusion, the valid-invalid type of syllogism generates significantly different complexity values, MSE, between ASD and ADHD. The complexity of activated brain regions of ASD participants increased significantly when switching from a valid to an invalid syllogism, indicating the need for more resources to 'face' the task escalating difficulty in ASD subjects. This increase is not so evident in both ADHD and control. Statistically significant differences were found also in the behavioral response of ASD and ADHD, compared with those of control subjects, based on the principal brain and behavior saliences extracted by PLSC. Specifically, two behavioral measures, the emotional state and the degree of confidence of participants in answering questions in Aristotle's valid-invalid syllogisms, and one demographic variable, age, statistically and significantly discriminate the three groups' ASD. The seed-PLC generated functional connectivity networks for ASD, ADHD, and control, were 'projected' on the regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN), the 'reference' connectivity, of which the structural changes were found significant in distinguishing the three groups. The contribution of this work lies in the examination of the relationship between brain activity and behavioral responses of healthy and 'pathological' participants in the case of cognitive reasoning of the type of Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms, using PLSC, a machine learning approach combined with MSE, a nonlinear method of extracting a feature based on EEGs that captures a broad spectrum of EEGs linear and nonlinear characteristics. The results seem promising in adopting this type of reasoning, in the future, after further enhancements and experimental tests, as a supplementary instrument towards examining the differences in brain activity and behavioral responses of ASD and ADHD patients. The application of the combination of these two methods, after further elaboration and testing as new and complementary to the existing ones, may be considered as a tool of analysis in helping detecting more effectively such types of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Papagou, 15601 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kalantzi
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | | | - Kalliopi Korombili
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Anastasia Bokou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Artemios Pehlivanidis
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Charalabos C. Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Papagou, 15601 Athens, Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- Center for Research of Nonlinear Systems (CRANS), Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, 26500 Patra, Greece;
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Papaioannou AG, Kalantzi E, Papageorgiou CC, Korombili K, Βokou A, Pehlivanidis A, Papageorgiou CC, Papaioannou G. Complexity analysis of the brain activity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) due to cognitive loads/demands induced by Aristotle's type of syllogism/reasoning. A Power Spectral Density and multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07984. [PMID: 34611558 PMCID: PMC8477216 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate whether EEG dynamics differ in adults with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), compared with healthy subjects during the performance of an innovative cognitive task: Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms. We follow the Neuroanatomical differences type of criterion in assessing the results of our study in supporting or not the dual-process theory of Kahneman, 2011) (Systems I & II of thinking). METHOD We recorded EEGs from 14 scalp electrodes in 30 adults with ADHD, 30 with ASD and 24 healthy, normal subjects. The subjects were exposed in a set of innovative cognitive tasks (inducing varying cognitive loads), the Aristotle's four types of syllogism mentioned above. The multiscale entropy (MSE), a nonlinear information-theoretic measure or tool was computed to extract features that quantify the complexity of the EEG. RESULTS The dynamics of the curves of the grand average of MSE values of the ADHD and ASD participants was significantly in higher levels for the majority of time scales, than the healthy subjects over a number of brain regions (electrodes locations), during the performance of both valid and invalid types of syllogism. This result is seemingly not in accordance of the broadly accepted 'theory' of complexity loss in 'pathological' subjects, but actually this is not the case as explained in the text. ADHD subjects are engaged in System II of thinking, for both Valid and Invalid syllogism, ASD and Control in System I for valid and invalid syllogism, respectively. A surprising and 'provocative' result of this paper, as shown in the next sections, is that the Complexity-variability of ASD and ADHD subjects, when they face Aristotle's types of syllogisms, is higher than that of the control subjects. An explanation is suggested as described in the text. Also, in the case of invalid type of Aristotelian syllogisms, the linguistic and visuo-spatial systems are both engaged ONLY in the temporal and occipital regions of the brain, respectively, of ADHD subjects. In the case of valid type, both above systems are engaged in the temporal and occipital regions of the brain, respectively, of both ASD and ADHD subjects, while in the control subjects only the visuo-spatial type is engaged (Goel et al., 2000; Knauff, 2007). CONCLUSION Based on the results of the analysis described in this work, the differences in the EEG complexity between the three groups of participants lead to the conclusion that cortical information processing is changed in ASD and ADHD adults, therefore their level of cortical activation may be insufficient to meet the peculiar cognitive demand of Aristotle's reasoning. SIGNIFICANCE The present paper suggest that MSE, is a powerful and efficient nonlinear measure in detecting neural dysfunctions in adults with ASD and ADHD characteristics, when they are called on to perform in a very demanding as well as innovative set of cognitive tasks, that can be considered as a new diagnostic 'benchmark' in helping detecting more effectively such type of disorders. A linear measure alone, as the typical PSD, is not capable in making such a distinction. The work contributes in shedding light on the neural mechanisms of syllogism/reasoning of Aristotelian type, as well as toward understanding how humans reason logically and why 'pathological' subjects deviate from the norms of formal logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G. Papaioannou
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS”, (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kalantzi
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kalliopi Korombili
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Βokou
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemios Pehlivanidis
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos C. Papageorgiou
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS”, (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- Center for Research of Nonlinear Systems (CRANS), Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous or experimentally induced high blood pressure (BP) is associated with reduced pain perception, known as BP-related hypoalgesia. Despite its clinical implications, such as the interference with early detection of myocardial infarction in 'at risk' groups, the size of the association between high BP and pain has not yet been quantified. Moreover, the distinct association between high BP and physiological or psychological components of pain has not yet been considered so far. The aim of this study was to overcome this gap by performing separate meta-analyses on nociceptive response versus quantifiable perceptual measures of pain in relation to high BP. METHODS PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for English language studies conducted in humans. Fifty-nine studies were eligible for the analyses. Pooled effect sizes (Hedges' g) were compared. Random effect models were used. Results show that higher BP is significantly associated with lower nociceptive response (g = 0.38; k = 6) and reduced pain perception, assessed by quantifiable measures (g = 0.48; k = 59). RESULTS The association between BP and pain perception, derived from highly heterogeneous studies, was characterized by significant publication bias. BP assessment, pain assessment, site of pain stimulation, percentage of female participants in the sample, and control for potential confounders were significant moderators. CONCLUSION Current meta-analytic results confirm the presence of BP-related hypoalgesia and point towards the need for a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms.
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Papageorgiou C, Zagouri F, Tampakis K, Georgakopoulou R, Manios E, Kafouris P, Benetos G, Koutagiar I, Anagnostopoulos C, Dimopoulos MA, Toutouzas K. Vascular Inflammation and Cardiovascular Burden in Metastatic Breast Cancer Female Patients Receiving Hormonal Treatment and CDK 4/6 Inhibitors or Everolimus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:638895. [PMID: 33732735 PMCID: PMC7959765 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.638895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer treatment can promote vascular dysfunction and lead to high cardiovascular risk. Purpose: To investigate the cardiovascular burden and vascular inflammation in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors or everolimus in addition to standard hormonal treatment. Methods: 22 consecutive female patients with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled. Relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricle mass (LVM) measurements by transthoracic echocardiography were obtained followed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. Uptake of the radiotracer in the aortic wall was estimated as tissue-to-background ratio (TBR). Each patient was assessed for the aforementioned parameters before the initiation and after 6 months of treatment. Results: At follow up, patients assigned to CDK 4/6 treatment demonstrated increased 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.004), daytime SBP (p = 0.004) and night time SBP (p = 0.012) (Group effect). The 24-h mean arterial pressure measurements were also higher in CDK 4/6 population, in comparison to everolimus that displayed firm values (Group effect- p = 0.035, Interaction effect-p = 0.023). Additionally, 24 h diastolic blood pressure recordings in CDK 4/6 therapy were higher opposed to everolimus that remained consistent (Interaction effect- p = 0.010). In CDK 4/6 group, TBR aorta also increased significantly, whereas TBR values in everolimus remained stable (Interaction effect-p = 0.049). Both therapeutic regimens displayed statistically significant damaging effect to RWT and LVM. Conclusion: CDK 4/6 inhibitors and hormonal treatment can lead to increased vascular inflammation, and higher blood pressure compared to the combination of everolimus and hormonal treatment. Moreover, both treatment strategies promoted left ventricle remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Papageorgiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tampakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Georgakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Manios
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Kafouris
- Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Benetos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosif Koutagiar
- Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Anagnostopoulos
- Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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