1
|
Shawky HA, Abdel Hafez SMN, Hasan NAK, Elbassuoni E, Abdelbaky FAF, AboBakr AHS. Changes in Rat Adrenal Cortex and Pineal Gland in Inverted Light-Dark Cycle: A Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2037-2052. [PMID: 37738357 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep standards are common in everyday life; it is frequently linked to a rise in stress levels. The adrenal gland interacts physiologically with the pineal gland in the stress response. Pineal gland is a small endocrine organ that modulates sleep patterns. This work aimed to evaluate the inverted light-dark cycle rhythm on the histological changes within the adrenal cortex and pineal gland in adult male albino rats. Twenty adult male albino rats were equally divided into two groups: For the first control group, animals were kept on daylight-darkness for 12-12 h. The second group was kept under an inverted 12- to 12-h light-darkness cycle for 4 weeks. Adrenal sections were subjected to biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Inverted light-dark cycle group recorded a significant elevation of plasma corticosterone, tissue malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) associated with a significant reduction of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Adrenal cortex showed biochemical and histological changes. Pineal glands also showed loss of lobular architecture. A significant upregulation in activated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-associated X (Bax) immunohistochemical expression was recorded in adrenal cortex associating with downregulation in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). It could be concluded that subchronic inverted light-dark cycle exerted direct effects on adrenal cortex and the pineal glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Shawky
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Nabil Abdel Kader Hasan
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Eman Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzhraa Fouad Abdelbaky
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Abdel Hamid Sayed AboBakr
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mascarenhas L, Pereira D, Pereira K, Pagliarin L, Franzo V, Vulcani V. Morphological study of the pineal gland of Alouatta belzebul. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pineal is a neuroendocrine gland responsible for the synthesis and release of melatonin. It is present in the brain of vertebrates, but its morphology and location vary considerably among species. For the species Alouatta belzebul, although some anatomical aspects of the nervous system have been described, there is no information on the morphology and histological composition of this gland. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the morphological, morphometric, and histological aspects of the pineal of Alouatta belzebul. Seven adult specimens were dissected from which the location of the gland in relation to the surrounding brain structures was described, and its length and width were measured. Histological slides were then prepared and stained using hematoxylin-eosin and PAS techniques. It was observed that the pineal of Alouatta belzebul is located superior and cranial to the cerebellum, superior to the superior colliculi and below the splenium of the corpus callosum and was classified as sub-callosal. It had an average length of 2.6mm and an average width of 1.14mm. Histologically the gland is composed of irregular strands of pinealocytes and gliocytes. The pinealocytes showed pigments similar to melanin.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dantas MRT, Souza-Junior JBF, Castelo TDS, Lago AEDA, Silva AR. Understanding how environmental factors influence reproductive aspects of wild myomorphic and hystricomorphic rodents. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20200213. [PMID: 33936293 PMCID: PMC8078862 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myomorphic and hystricomorphic rodents are vital for maintaining various ecosystems around the planet. This review enables a better understanding of how these rodents respond to environmental factors and adapt to climate adversities. Innumerable factors, such as photoperiod, rainfall, and temperature, can impair or contribute to the quality of rodent reproductive parameters. Prolonged animal exposure to high ambient temperatures alters thermoregulation mechanisms and causes testicular and ovarian tissue degeneration and hormonal deregulation. Photoperiod influences the biological circannual rhythm and reproductive cycles of rodents because it strongly regulates melatonin secretion by the pineal gland, which modulates gonadotropic hormone secretion. Rainfall quantity directly regulates the abundance of fruits in an ecosystem, which modulates the reproductive seasonality of species which are most dependent on a seasonal fruit-based diet. Species with a more diversified fruit diet have smaller reproductive seasonality. As such, habitats are chosen by animals for various reasons, including the availability of food, sexual partners, intra-and inter-specific competition, and predation. This knowledge allows us to monitor and establish management plans to aid in conservation strategies for wild rodent species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Roberto Tavares Dantas
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | | | - Thibério de Souza Castelo
- Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Biofísica Ambiental, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Arthur Emannuel de Araújo Lago
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rosales GJ, Perez E, Rodriguez GB, Filippa VP, Mohamed FH. Variations in the adenohypophysis of the expression of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen, oestrogen and androgen receptors in relation to gonadal steroids during pregnancy of viscachas (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:1707-1718. [PMID: 31242958 DOI: 10.1071/rd18423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscachas are native rodents of South America that present a long pregnancy of ~154 days. In this work, we analysed variations in the expression of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen, oestrogen and androgen receptors (ERα and AR) in pituitary pars distalis (PD) and pars tuberalis (PT) in relation to oestradiol and testosterone serum levels in non-pregnant and pregnant viscachas. In PD, cell proliferation increased with pregnancy and lactotrophs proliferated during mid-pregnancy (MP). ERα nuclear-immunoreactive cells (ERαn-ir) were maximal in late pregnancy and AR expression did not vary during pregnancy. In PT, cell proliferation and AR expression increased during pregnancy, but ERα expression was very scarce. The immunostaining pattern of receptors was different in PD and PT. The peak of serum oestradiol and testosterone occurred during MP. Our results suggest that cell proliferation and gonadal receptors might be differentially regulated in the pituitary by oestradiol and testosterone during viscacha pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela J Rosales
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque I Piso 1°, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Edith Perez
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque I Piso 1°, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Graciela B Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Área de Análisis Clínicos, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejercito de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso 1°, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Verónica P Filippa
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque I Piso 1°, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and Corresponding author.
| | - Fabian H Mohamed
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque I Piso 1°, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|