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Alaali Z, Bin Thani AS. Patterns of antimicrobial resistance observed in the Middle East: Environmental and health care retrospectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140089. [PMID: 32559543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest worldwide challenging problems that associates with high morbidity and mortality rates. The resistance of bacteria to various antibiotic classes results in difficulties in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by those bacteria. This paper highlights and provides a critical overview of observational and experimental studies investigating the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in different environments in Middle East countries and the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire and spread resistance. The data of this research considered the published papers within the last ten years (2010-2020) and was carried out using PubMed. A total of 66 articles were selected in this review. This review covered studies done on antibiotic resistant bacteria found in a wide range of environments including foods, animals, groundwater, aquatic environments as well as industrial and hospital wastewater. They acquire and achieve their resistance through several mechanisms such as antibiotic resistant genes, efflux pumps and enzymatic reactions. However, the dissemination and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is affected by several factors like anthropogenic, domestic, inappropriate use of antibiotics and the expulsion of wastewater containing antibiotic residues to the environments. Therefore, it is important to increase the awareness regarding these activities and their effect on the environment and eventually on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alaali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Sakhir 976, Bahrain.
| | - Ali Salman Bin Thani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Sakhir 976, Bahrain
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Araby E, Nada HG, Abou El-Nour SA, Hammad A. Detection of tetracycline and streptomycin in beef tissues using Charm II, isolation of relevant resistant bacteria and control their resistance by gamma radiation. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 32600267 PMCID: PMC7325294 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has the potential to generate residues in animal derived products, which could contributing to the development of an important health risk either through the exposure to antibiotic residues or the transfer of antibiotic resistance among foodborne pathogens as well. Tetracycline (TE) and eptomycin (ST) are commonly used as antibiotics in the Egyptian animal husbandry. The objective of this study, quick detection of TE and ST in fresh local beef tissue samples using radioimmunoassay Charm II technique, isolation and identification of relevant highly resistant bacterial strains. In addition to investigating the effect of gamma radiation on the susceptibility of such resistant strains to TE and ST. Results Tetracycline (TE) was detected in all collected samples, while ST was detected in 38.46% (5/13) and 87.5% (7/8) of meat and liver samples, respectively. Fifty-one bacterial isolates were isolated from the tested samples, among them, the highest resistant isolates to TE or ST were identified as Streptococcus thoraltensis, Proteus mirabilis (2 isolates) and E. coli (3 isolates). Among them, the highest D10-values in phosphate buffer; 0.807 and 0.480; kGy were recorded with S. thoraltensis and E. coli no.3, respectively. Such values increased to record 0.840 and 0.549 kGy, respectively after artificial inoculation into meat, indicating increased resistance to gamma radiation. Gamma radiation at dose 3 kGy increased the susceptibility of S. thoraltensis up to 50% to TE and ST, while the sensitivity of E. coli no.3 reached up 56% to both antibiotics at the same dose. Conclusions High prevalence of TE in all fresh collected tissue samples suggests an extensively use of TE as antimicrobial in conventional beef production as compared to ST in the Egyptian cows’ husbandry. Moreover, irradiation of food from animal origin by gamma radiation could potentially provide protection against resistant strains. In spite of limited samples used in this study, our data could raise the concerns of public health professionals about a withdrawal period before animals slaughtering, and address the importance of gamma radiation to minimize the hazards of foodborne resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Araby
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanady G Nada
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Salwa A Abou El-Nour
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Hammad
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Altindis M, Koroglu M, Demiray T, Yilmaz K, Baran Inci M, Olmez M, Altindis S, Erkorkmaz U. Microbial contamination and infection risks of narghile besides hazards of tobacco. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 28:74-78. [PMID: 32228822 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Water-pipe smoking has become a serious public health threat worldwide. In order to raise awareness of adverse effects and transmission of bacteria via water-pipe smoking, we aimed to identify the bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance profiles that colonize different parts of waterpipes. METHODS We examined totally 182 water pipes from 7 lounges (in Turkey) used in public places and we collected 728 culture samples in total by microbiological methods. We used disposable sterile swabs to sample the inside and outside of the mouthpiece, and the handling piece and sterile injectors were used to collect 5 mL of water from the water pipe bowl. RESULTS There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in microbial contamination (growth/presence of bacteria and fungi) among the parts of the water pipes sampled. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the number of bacteria growing (microbial load) among the parts of the water pipes. Only one narghile lounge out of seven, which had 13 water pipes, had a hygiene procedure. The water jars are often contaminated with Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSION Water pipes, especially the interior and outer part of the mouthpieces and the handle, are colonized by microbes and pose a risk of infection. Procedures for water pipe hygiene should be developed, periods should be defined, and the owners and employees of establishments and water-pipe smokers should be educated in this regard. Water-pipe smoking is a threat to public health and should be regulated by the state.
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Rodríguez EA, Garzón LM, Gómez ID, Jiménez JN. Multidrug resistance and diversity of resistance profiles in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli throughout a wastewater treatment plant in Colombia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:358-366. [PMID: 32200126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) have been reported in different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) throughout the world; however, few studies have described the antimicrobial resistance profile in different CRGNB throughout WWTPs, information that would identify points of selection of resistant bacteria. The objective of this work was to characterize the resistance profile of CRGNB harbouring blaKPC-2 from a Colombian WWTP. METHODS Six samples were taken from four points of a WWTP. CRGNB were selected in chromID® CARBA and identified by 16S rRNA. Carbapenemases were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and susceptibility was assessed using VITEK2. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two CRGNB harbouring blaKPC-2 were detected: 41% corresponded to Aeromonas spp. (n = 58) and 59% to Enterobacteriaceae. To establish the resistance profile, 50% of the isolates were selected proportionally by family and sampling point (26 Aeromonadaceae and 45 Enterobacteriaceae). All Enterobacteriaceae showed resistance to carbapenems and penicillins + inhibitors, high percentages of resistance to ceftriaxone (88.9%), and ciprofloxacin (44.4%), and low resistance to other antibiotics (>30%). In Aeromonadaceae, 76.9% were resistant to ceftriaxone, 58% to carbapenems, and 65.4% to ciprofloxacin. Twenty-one resistance profiles were observed, the most common of which were resistant to penicillins + inhibitor, cephalosporins (third to fourth generation), and carbapenems (19%). The percentage of multidrug resistance was 91% and was similar at all points of the WWTP. CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of multidrug resistance and great diversity of resistance profiles observed throughout the WWTP is of concern, and shows the role of WWTP as a reservoir and dissemination source of antimicrobial resistance to water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Rodríguez
- Bacterial Molecular Epidemiology Line, Research Group in Basic and Applied Microbiology (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - L M Garzón
- Bacterial Molecular Epidemiology Line, Research Group in Basic and Applied Microbiology (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - I D Gómez
- Bacterial Molecular Epidemiology Line, Research Group in Basic and Applied Microbiology (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J Natalia Jiménez
- Bacterial Molecular Epidemiology Line, Research Group in Basic and Applied Microbiology (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Midya S, Ganguly RK, Islam SS, Chakraborty SK. Attachment and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial associates of zooplanktonic copepod: Lesson for environmental safety. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:749-755. [PMID: 31154199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study emphasizes on the antimicrobial susceptibility of different bacterial strains isolated from the external body surface of a commonly found zooplanktonic copepod (Heliodiaptomus viduus, Gurney, 1916) inhabiting both in fresh and brackish water bodies of Midnapore (West and East) Districts, West Bengal, India. Out of 62 bacterial isolated strains, 38 isolates were identified as Gram-positive while the remaining 24 isolates were found to be Gram-negative. Antimicrobial properties of all those bacterial strains were determined by Vitek 2 compact system using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. All isolated bacterial strains had exhibited differential susceptibilities against some selected antibiotics. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) analysis revealed the considerable association of bacteria on the cuticular body parts of the studied zooplankton. The outcomes of the present research are expected to enable health professionals in identifying two major problems -1) bacterial association with zooplankton which is so far mostly considered as a novel source of food for fish in aquatic ecosystems. 2) Selection of antibiotics as treatment measure because of the pathogenic effects of zooplankton associated bacteria on human being. This unattended arena of research is also supposed to evoke a new dimension not only because of bacteria-zooplankton interactions but also on undertaking of judicious strategies to find out proper ways and means to make the surface water suitable for the utilization by the common peoples (minimising bacterial contamination) in the context of human health and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Midya
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, WestBengal, 721102, India
| | - Ram Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, WestBengal, 721102, India
| | - Sk Saruk Islam
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, WestBengal, 721102, India
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Kassem NO, Kassem NO, Liles S, Reilly E, Kas-Petrus F, Posis AIB, Hovell MF. Waterpipe device cleaning practices and disposal of waste associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking in homes in the USA. Tob Control 2019; 29:s123-s130. [PMID: 31326957 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify postsmoking waterpipe tobacco (WPT) waste and describe postsmoking waterpipe (WP) device cleaning practices and disposal of associated waste in home settings. METHODS We analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years. Data were collected at a home visit during which participants smoked one WPT head and completed a self-administered questionnaire on WP cleaning practices and disposal of waste associated with WPT use. Research assistants provided and prepared a WP for participants by weighing and loading 10 g of WPT in the WP head and placing 470 mL of water in the WP bowl. At the completion of the smoking session, research assistants measured the remaining WPT and water. Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 10 g of fresh WPT used for each smoking session, 70.1% (mean=7.01 g) was discarded postsmoking as waste; for each 470 mL of water used in the WP bowl, 94.3% (mean=443 mL) was discarded. WP device cleaning practices ranged from never cleaning the device to cleaning it after each smoking session. Respondents reported discarding smoked WPT residue in the trash (81.6%) or the kitchen sink (14.3%) and discarding postsmoking charcoal in the trash (57.6%), the kitchen sink (27.3%) or backyard soil (9.1%). Respondents reported discarding smoked WP water in the kitchen sink (76.5%), bathroom sink (14.7%), toilet (2.9%) and backyard soil (5.9%). CONCLUSIONS Interventions and regulations are needed to inform proper WP device cleaning practices and disposal of waste associated with WPT use. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03253653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Of Kassem
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Noura O Kassem
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sandy Liles
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erin Reilly
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Flora Kas-Petrus
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Melbourne F Hovell
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
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Naddafi K, Nabizadeh R, Baghani AN, Fazlzadeh M. Bioaerosols in the waterpipe cafés: genera, levels, and factors influencing their concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20297-20307. [PMID: 31098913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to assess the exposure to bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in the air of waterpipe cafés (AWPCs), in the hose of waterpipe (HWP), and in the water bowl of the waterpipe (WBWP) and to investigate the factors influence increasing the contamination levels in waterpipe cafés in Ardabil. From all the 50 cafés studied, the samples were taken from air and from water contained in water bowl and hose for bacterial and fungal analyses. The results demonstrated that the mean numbers of bacteria and fungi in the indoor air of café, hose, and water bowl were 33.90 ± 14.86 and 25.24 ± 1.99 CFU/m3, 72.16 ± 29.55 and 72.78 ± 42.45 CFU/plate, 53.7 ± 25.46 and 25.26 ± 13.94 CFU/ml, respectively. The predominant bacterial genera in waterpipe cafés were Pseudomonas and Bacillus in air, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas in the hose, and Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas in the water bowl, respectively. The predominant fungal species in waterpipe cafés were Penicillium and Cladosporium in air, yeast and Fusarium in the hose, and Paecilomyces and yeast in the water bowl, respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the mean concentrations of bacterial aerosol and qualitative variables such as type of heating system, materials of wall and ceiling, traditional restaurants, interior supermarkets, moisturized walls, the number of people, area of cafés, and temperature. But there was no significant relationship between these variables and the mean concentration of fungal aerosols. The results also showed that the levels of bioaerosols were high in the air, hose, and water bowl of the waterpipe. Therefore, cafés can be a potential source for the transmission of pathogenic agents and increase the risk of respiratory diseases among waterpipe smoking individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Norouzian Baghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Kassem NO, Jackson SR, Kassem NO, Liles S, Posis AIB, Hovell MF. College Student Beliefs and Behavior Regarding Sharing When Smoking Hookahs. Am J Health Behav 2019; 43:133-144. [PMID: 30522572 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.43.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: We examined college students' beliefs and behavior regarding sharing when smoking a hookah, a practice that may involve substantial risk of disease transmission. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional Web-based survey of undergraduate ever users of hookah (N = 970) at a US university in 2007. Results: Hookah sharing started at initiation of hookah use. The first-time participants smoked hookah, 96.9% shared it, and 97.5% were with friends either in a hookah lounge (59.5%) or at a friend's home (30%). Participants shared a hookah when they first smoked it because sharing was acceptable with friends, family, or trusted others, normative etiquette, not problematic/harmful, cheaper, or the only smoking option. Participants did not use a mouth tip when they first smoked a hookah because it is not necessary with friends/family, there was no tip available, they were unaware of tips, or did not want to use one. Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, hookah sharing started at smoking initiation. Efforts are needed to create an environment in which sharing hookah practices are less acceptable such as increasing awareness of potential health risks of sharing, particularly among youth, and providing disposable hoses, disposable mouth tips, and proper hookah device cleaning practices in private and public hookah venues settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada O.F. Kassem
- Associate Director, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA;,
| | - Sheila R. Jackson
- Data Manager, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Noura O. Kassem
- Study Coordinator, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Sandy Liles
- Data Analyst, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Alexander Ivan B. Posis
- Research Assistant, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Melbourne F. Hovell
- Director, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
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Choe EH, Sutherland L, Hills C, Sood JD. Shisha smoking as a possible cause of bilateral granulomatous lung lesions. Respirol Case Rep 2018; 6:e00374. [PMID: 30338071 PMCID: PMC6176649 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 19‐year‐old male who regularly smoked tobacco shisha pipes presented with pleuritic chest pain, dyspnoea, and cough. He was found to have multiple bilateral lung nodules on computed tomography. A biopsy of the lung revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation but without evidence of infection, foreign body, vasculitis, or malignancy. There was spontaneous and complete clinical and radiographic resolution over the next 12 weeks following cessation of shisha use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ho Choe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine North Shore Hospital Auckland New Zealand
| | - Luke Sutherland
- Department of Medicine North Shore Hospital Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Jai-Deep Sood
- Department of Respiratory Medicine North Shore Hospital Auckland New Zealand
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