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Suresh R, Ramadoss R, Doble M, Ramalingam K, Sundar S, Panneer Selvam S. Targeted Drug Designing for Treating Masticatory Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome: An In Silico Simulation Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51661. [PMID: 38313945 PMCID: PMC10838143 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Masticatory Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MMPDS) is a musculoligamentous disorder that shares similarities with temporomandibular joint pain and odontogenic pain. It manifests as dull or aching pain in masticatory muscles, influenced by jaw movement. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) encompasses various theoretical and computational approaches used in modern drug discovery. Molecular docking is a prominent method in CADD that facilitates the understanding of drug-bimolecular interactions for rational drug design, mechanistic studies & the formation of stable complexes with increased specificity and potential efficacy. The docking technique provides valuable insights into binding energy, free energy, and complex stability predictions. Aim The aim of this study was to use the docking technique for myosin inhibitors. Materials and methods Four inhibitors of myosin were chosen from the literature. These compound structures were retrieved from the Zinc15 database. Myosin protein was chosen as the target and was optimized using the RCSB Protein Data Bank. After pharmacophore modeling, 20 novel compounds were found and the SwissDock was used to dock them with the target protein. We compared the binding energies of the newly discovered compounds to those of the previously published molecules with the target. Results The results indicated that among the 20 molecules ZINC035924607 and ZINC5110352 exhibited the highest binding energy and displayed superior properties compared to the other molecules. Conclusion The study concluded that ZINC035924607 and ZINC5110352 exhibited greater binding affinity than the reported inhibitors of myosin. Therefore, these two molecules can be used as a potential and promising lead for the treatment of MMPDS and could be employed in targeted drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Suresh
- Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Ramya Ramadoss
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sandhya Sundar
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Suganya Panneer Selvam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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2
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Eser M, Çavuş İ. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluations of the Antileishmanial Activities of New Benzimidazole-Triazole Derivatives. Vet Sci 2023; 10:648. [PMID: 37999471 PMCID: PMC10675599 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole and triazole rings are important pharmacophores, known to exhibit various pharmacological activities in drug discovery. In this study, it was purposed to synthesize new benzimidazole-triazole derivatives and evaluate their antileishmanial activities. The targeted compounds (5a-5h) were obtained after five chemical reaction steps. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral data. The possible in vitro antileishmanial activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against the Leishmania tropica strain. Further, molecular docking and dynamics were performed to identify the probable mechanism of activity of the test compounds. The findings revealed that compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5h inhibited the growth of Leishmania tropica to various extents and had significant anti-leishmanial activities, even if some orders were higher than the reference drug Amphotericin B. On the other hand, compounds 5b, 5c, and 5g were found to be ineffective. Additionally, the results of in silico studies have presented the existence of some interactions between the compounds and the active site of sterol 14-alpha-demethylase, a biosynthetic enzyme that plays a critical role in the growth of the parasite. Therefore, it can be suggested that if the results obtained from this study are confirmed with in vivo findings, it may be possible to obtain some new anti-leishmanial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Eser
- Health Programs, Faculty of Open Education, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Çavuş
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45030, Turkey;
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3
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Singh U, Singh P, Singh AK, Singh S, Kumar D, Shrivastava SK, Asthana RK. In silico and in vitro evaluation of extract derived from Dunaliella salina, a halotolerant microalga for its antifungal and antibacterial activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7069-7083. [PMID: 36017823 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study little explored halotolerant wall-less green alga Dunaliella salina was found to be a potent source of antibacterial and antifungal biomolecules. Both the target pathogens, bacteria (Escherischia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii) and fungi (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Cryptococus sp.) were WHO prioritized. The bioassay guided approach led us to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal lead molecule(s) from an array of compounds using spectroscopic and in silico studies. The methanol derived crude extract was purified via thin layer chromatography (TLC) using solvent system methanol: chloroform (1:19). Maximum antimicrobial activity was observed in fractions D5, D6 and D7, the components of which were then recognized using high resolution-liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Orbitrap) (HR-LC/MS). The screened compounds were then docked with target enzymes sterol-14-alpha demethylase and OmpF porin protein. The energy scores revealed that amongst all, lariciresinol-4-O-glucoside showed better binding affinity, in silico, using the Schrödinger Maestro 2018-1 platform. The 3-dimensional crystal structures of both the proteins were retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB), and showed binding energies of -14.35 kcal/mol, and -11.0 kcal/mol against respective drug targets. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns, using Desmond package, Schrödinger to evaluate the conformational stability and alteration of protein-ligand complexes during the simulation. Thus, our findings confirmed that lariciresinol-4-O-glucoside, a lignan derivative and known strong antioxidant, may be used as an important "lead" molecule to be developed as antibacterial and antifungal drugs in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmilesh Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Biochemistry Department, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Marwari College (a constituent unit of Lalit Narayan Mithila University), Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Sweksha Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Asthana
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Phan NKN, Huynh TKC, Nguyen HP, Le QT, Nguyen TCT, Ngo KKH, Nguyen THA, Ton KA, Thai KM, Hoang TKD. Exploration of Remarkably Potential Multitarget-Directed N-Alkylated-2-(substituted phenyl)-1 H-benzimidazole Derivatives as Antiproliferative, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28733-28748. [PMID: 37576624 PMCID: PMC10413844 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving lipophilicity for drugs to penetrate the lipid membrane and decreasing bacterial and fungal coinfections for patients with cancer pose challenges in the drug development process. Here, a series of new N-alkylated-2-(substituted phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS spectrum analyses to address these difficulties. All the compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Results indicated that compound 2g exhibited the best antiproliferative activity against the MDA-MB-231 cell line and also displayed significant inhibition at minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8, 4, and 4 μg mL-1 against Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared with amikacin. The antifungal data of compounds 1b, 1c, 2e, and 2g revealed their moderate activities toward Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, with MIC values of 64 μg mL-1 for both strains. Finally, the molecular docking study found that 2g interacted with crucial amino acids in the binding site of complex dihydrofolate reductase with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Kim-Ngan Phan
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Kim-Chi Huynh
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Graduate
University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, No.18, Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi City 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang-Phuc Nguyen
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Quoc-Tuan Le
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Cam-Thu Nguyen
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Kim-Khanh-Huy Ngo
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Hong-An Nguyen
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Khoa Anh Ton
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, No.41-43, Dinh Tien Hoang Str.,
Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Kim-Dung Hoang
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.1A, TL29 Str., Thanh Loc Ward,
Dist. 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Graduate
University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, No.18, Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi City 100000, Vietnam
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5
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Güzel E, Acar Çevik U, Evren AE, Bostancı HE, Gül ÜD, Kayış U, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis of Benzimidazole-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents Targeting 14α-Demethylase. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4369-4384. [PMID: 36743066 PMCID: PMC9893751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are increasing as major infectious diseases around the world, and the limited efficacy of existing medications has resulted in substantial morbidity and death in patients due to the lack of effective antifungal agents and serious drug resistance. In this study, a series of benzimidazole-1,2,4-triazole derivatives (6a-6l) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-MS spectral analysis. All the target compounds were screened for their in vitro antifungal activity against four fungal strains, namely, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. parapsilopsis. The synthesized compounds exhibited significant antifungal potential, especially against C. glabrata. Three compounds (6b, 6i, and 6j) showed higher antifungal activity with their MIC values (0.97 μg/mL) compared with voriconazole and fluconazole. Molecular docking provided a possible binding mode of compounds 6b, 6i, and 6j in the 14α-demethylase active site. Our studies suggested that the benzimidazole-1,2,4-triazole derivatives can be used as a new fungicidal lead targeting 14α-demethylase for further structural optimization. In addition, their effects on the L929 cell line were also investigated to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the compounds. SEM analyses were performed to examine the effects of compounds 6a, 6i, and 6j on C. glabrata cells under in vivo experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Güzel
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, İstanbul 34010 Turkey
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department
of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11000 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Hayrani Eren Bostancı
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas
Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Ülküye Dudu Gül
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
| | - Uğur Kayış
- Pazaryeri
Vocational School, Program of Pharmacy Services, Bilecik Şey Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
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6
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Evren AE, Karaduman AB, Sağlik BN, Özkay Y, Yurttaş L. Investigation of Novel Quinoline-Thiazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1410-1429. [PMID: 36643421 PMCID: PMC9835529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major concern around the world. Today, it is an urgent need for new chemotherapeutics for infectious diseases. Because of that, our group designed, synthesized, and analyzed 14 new quinoline derivatives endowed with the pharmacophore moiety of fluoroquinolones primarily for their antimicrobial effects. Their cytotoxicity effects were tested against six bacterial and four fungal strains and NIH/3T3 cell line. Additionally, their action mechanisms were evaluated against DNA gyrase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase (LMD). Furthermore, to eliminate the potential side effects, the active compounds were evaluated against the aromatase enzyme. The experimental enzymatic results were evaluated for active compounds' binding modes using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The results were utilized to clarify the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Finally, compound 4m was the most potent compound for its antifungal activity with low cytotoxicity against healthy cells and fewer possible side effects, while compounds 4j and 4l can be used alone for special patients who are suffering from fungal infections in addition to the primer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department
of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11000, Turkey
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
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Alekhya KP, Manisha P, Tejaswini A, Nageswari P, Swathi K. Screening of Phyllanthus niruri Root Phytoconstituents for Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anticancer, and Antiviral Activities by Molecular Docking Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:133-147. [PMID: 37525038 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The systematic exploitation of the structural variety of natural products is made possible by docking studies, which have been shown to be a crucial technique. This study's goal was to evaluate various activities for the chemicals in the root portion of Phyllanthus niruri. This plant's constituents are active in a variety of ways. In order to develop drugs, molecules with such a framework have been utilized as the lead. Schrodinger Maestro (v13.0) software was used to conduct a molecular docking analysis of root components with certain proteins linked to the illnesses. In comparison to commercially available conventional medications, molecular docking data also demonstrated greater scores. For additional docking investigations with distinct proteins, the root chemicals are assessed, that is, crystal structure of serine protease hepsin in complex with inhibitor [PDB ID:5 CE1] for antiviral activity, human topoisomerase II beta in complex with DNA and etoposide [PDB ID:3QX3], and crystal structure of E. coli GyraseB 24 kDa in complex with 4-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-[(ethylcarbamoyl)amino]-N-(pyridin-3-yl) pyridine-3-carboxamide [PDB ID: 6F86] for antibacterial activity, Cytochrome P450 14 alpha-sterol demethylase (CYP51) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in complex with fluconazole [PDB ID:1EA1], and structure of yeast Sec14p with a picolinamide compound [PDB ID:6F0E] for antifungal activity and synthesis and biological evaluation of novel selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Part II: Optimization of 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) benzonitrile derivatives [PDB ID: 5T8E] and Human Cytochrome P450 CYP17A1 in complex with Abiraterone [PD B ID:3RUK] for anticancer activity have been selected. Ritonavir's antiviral activity, ampicillin's ability to treat bacterial infections, fluconazole's ability to treat fungi, and dacarbazine's ability to treat cancer were utilized as benchmarks to assess the in silico outcomes and grading of virtual screening or molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusampudi Preethi Alekhya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - Panjugula Manisha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - Avulapati Tejaswini
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - Patnam Nageswari
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - Konda Swathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
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8
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Tejaswini A, Alekhya KP, Manisha P, Nageswari P, Swathi K. Screening of Phyllanthus niruri Plant Active Constituents for Anticancer and Antifungal Activity by Insilico Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:123-132. [PMID: 37525037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A large genus of shrubs, trees, and rare plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, Phyllanthus contains 600-700 species. The Phyllanthus niruri (L.) species is a tiny, erect annual herb that can reach heights of 30-40 cm. Its 7-12 cm long, sessile, alternating leaves are native to the Amazon rainforest, but they can also be found in other tropical regions such as South East Asia, Southern India, America, China, and the islands of the Indian Ocean. Phyllanthus contains many classes of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, lignin, polyphenols, and lipids. Numerous activities of the plant have been studied, including antidepressant (Wasnik et al., Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 6:26-29, 2014), anticancer (Sayuti et al. Studies, 10:17, 2020), anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive (Porto et al., Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23:138-144, 2013), analgesic (Bhat et al., Pharm Res, 7:378, 2015), antiarthritic (Mali et al., Biomed Aging Pathol, 1:185-190, 2011), immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antifungal (Shilpa et al., Environm Dis, 3:63, 2018), antidiabetic (Kumar et al., Biomed Pharm J, 12:57-63, 2019), antiulcer (Mostofa et al., BMC Complement Altern Med, 17:1-10, 2017), antiviral (Wahyuni et al., Malays Appl Biol, 48:105-111, 2019), antiplasmodial (Ifeoma et al., Asian Pacific J Trop Med, 6:169-175, 2013), anticonvulsant (Amaechina and Omogbai, Nig J Nat Prod Med, 17:61-65, 2013), and hepato human cytochrome P450 CYP17A1 in association with abiraterone [PDB ID: 3RUK] plant extracts. New selective androgen receptor modulators were synthesized, and they were biologically evaluated (SARMs) (Micah et al., J Veter Med Anim Health 5(1):8-15, 2013, Rusmana et al., Indonesian Biomed J 9(2):84-90, 2017, Al Zarzour et al., Nutrients 10(8):1057, 2018, Khanna J Ethnopharmacol 82(1):19-22, 2002). In the present study [PDB ID: 3RUK,5T8E] with anticancer and [PDB ID: 6F0E,1EA1] with antifungal activities were used for docking study. In this study fluconazole's antifungal activity and dacarbazine's anticancer activity were used as benchmarks for molecular docking with Schrodinger 13.0 to compare the activity of Phyllanthus niruri's active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avulapati Tejaswini
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kusampudi Preethi Alekhya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Panjugula Manisha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Patnam Nageswari
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Konda Swathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
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9
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Tiwari D, Narang R, Sudhakar K, Singh V, Lal S, Devgun M. 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1086-1121. [PMID: 35676800 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of drug-resistant microbial strains, different research groups are continuously developing novel drug molecules against already exploited and unexploited targets. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial activities. The presence of 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety in antimicrobial agents can modify their polarity and flexibility, which significantly improves biological activities due to various bonded and non-bonded interactions viz. hydrogen bond, steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic with target sites. The present review elaborates the therapeutic targets and mode of interaction of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as antimicrobial agents. 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives target enoyl reductase (InhA), 14α-demethylase in the mycobacterial cell; GlcN-6-P synthase, thymidylate synthase, peptide deformylase, RNA polymerase, dehydrosqualene synthase in bacterial strains; ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, P450-14α demethylase, protein-N-myristoyltransferase in fungal strains; FtsZ protein, interfere with purine and functional protein synthesis in plant bacteria. The present review also summarizes the effect of different moieties and functional groups on the antimicrobial activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Tiwari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sukhbir Lal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Manish Devgun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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10
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New Benzimidazoles Targeting Breast Cancer: Synthesis, Pin1 Inhibition, 2D NMR Binding, and Computational Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165245. [PMID: 36014485 PMCID: PMC9414874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives are known to be key players in the development of novel anticancer agents. Herein, we aimed to synthesize novel derivatives to target breast cancer. A new series of benzimidazole derivatives conjugated with either six- and five-membered heterocyclic ring or pyrazanobenzimidazoles and pyridobenzimidazole linkers were synthesized yielding compounds 5–8 and 10–14, respectively. Structure elucidation of the newly synthesized compounds was achieved through microanalytical analyses and different spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C-APT and 1H–1H COSY and IR) in addition to mass spectrometry. A biological study for the newly synthesized compounds was performed against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), and the most active compounds were further subjected to normal Human lung fibroblast (WI38) which indicates their safety. It was found that most of them exhibit high cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and low cytotoxic activity against normal (WI38) cell lines. Compounds 5, 8, and 12, which possess the highest anti-breast cancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line, were selected for Pin1 inhibition assay using tannic acid as a reference drug control. Compound 8 was examined for its effect on cell cycle progression and its ability to apoptosis induction. Mechanistic evaluation of apoptosis induction was demonstrated by triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathways via inducing ROS accumulation, increasing Bax, decreasing Bcl-2, and activation of caspases 6, 7, and 9. Binding to 15N-labeled Pin1 enzyme was performed using state-of-the-art 15N–1H HSQC NMR experiments to describe targeting breast cancer on a molecular level. In conclusion, the NMR results demonstrated chemical shift perturbation (peak shifting or peak disappearance) upon adding compound 12 indicating potential binding. Molecular docking using ‘Molecular Operating Environment’ software was extremely useful to elucidate the binding mode of active derivatives via hydrogen bonding.
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11
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Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Triazole-ferulic acid ester Hybrid Carbohydrates. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Novel 1, 2, 4-Triazoles as Antifungal Agents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4584846. [PMID: 35360519 PMCID: PMC8964166 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4584846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative antifungal agents is essential. Some fungicidal agents are no longer effective due to resistance development, various side effects, and high toxicity. Therefore, the synthesis and development of some new antifungal agents are necessary. 1,2,4-Triazole is one of the most essential pharmacophore systems between five-membered heterocycles. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound showed potential antifungal activity. The 1,2,4-triazole core is present as the nucleus in a variety of antifungal drug categories. The most potent and broad activity of triazoles have confirmed them as pharmacologically significant moieties. The goal of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis and SAR study of 1,2,4-triazole as a potential fungicidal compound. In this study, we provide the results of a biological activity evaluation using various structures and figures. Literature investigation showed that 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives reveal the extensive span of antifungal activity. This review will assist researchers in the development of new potential antifungal drug candidates with high effectiveness and selectivity.
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13
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Synthesis, molecular modeling, quantum mechanical calculations and ADME estimation studies of benzimidazole-oxadiazole derivatives as potent antifungal agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Synthesis, antifungal studies, molecular docking, ADME and DNA interaction studies of 4-hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole linked 1,2,3-triazoles. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Prajapati J, Rao P, Poojara L, Goswami D, Acharya D, Patel SK, Rawal RM. Unravelling the antifungal mode of action of curcumin by potential inhibition of CYP51B: A computational study validated in vitro on mucormycosis agent, Rhizopus oryzae. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109048. [PMID: 34600893 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Like human, fungi too are known to share lot of structural similarities amongst their CYPs (Cytochrome P450 super family of enzymes) which allows antifungal 'azole' compounds to interact with CYPs of human. Clotrimazole, an 'azole' antifungal drug, is a known inhibitor of fungal CYP named CYP51B. Curcumin, a phytochemical obtained from Curcuma longa has the ability to interact with several different human CYPs to induce inhibition. The sequence and the structural similarities amongst both human and fungal CYPs suggest a strong possibility for curcumin to interact with fungal CYP51B to behave like an antifungal agent. To test this hypothesis a study was designed involving mucormycosis agent, Rhizopus oryzae. The ability of curcumin to interact with fungal CYP51B was analysed computationally through molecular docking, MM-GBSA and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation assessment. Further, interaction profile for fungal CYP51B-curcumin was compared with human CYP3A4-curcumin, as there are published evidence describing curcumin as an inhibitor of human CYPs. Additionally, to validate in silico findings, an in vitro assay was performed to examine the antifungal potentials of curcumin on the R. oryzae. Conclusive results allow us to determine a plausible mode of action of curcumin to act as an antifungal against a mucormycosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyashi Rao
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Lipi Poojara
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Acharya
- Department of Microbiology, B N Patel Institute of Paramedical and Sciences, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Saumya K Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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16
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Nehra N, Tittal RK, Ghule VD. 1,2,3-Triazoles of 8-Hydroxyquinoline and HBT: Synthesis and Studies (DNA Binding, Antimicrobial, Molecular Docking, ADME, and DFT). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27089-27100. [PMID: 34693129 PMCID: PMC8529673 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 1,2,3-triazole hybrids containing either 2- or 4-hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (2- or 4-HBT) and naphthalen-1-ol or 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) was synthesized in high yields and fully characterized. In vitro DNA binding studies with herring fish sperm DNA (hs-DNA) showed that quinoline- and 2-HBT-linked 1,2,3-triazoles of shorter alkyl linkers such as 6a are better with a high binding affinity (3.90 × 105 L mol-1) with hs-DNA as compared to naphthol- and 4-HBT-linked 1,2,3-triazoles bound to longer alkyl linkers. Molecular docking of most active 1,2,3-triazoles 6a-f showed high binding energy of 6a (-8.7 kcal mol-1). Also, compound 6a displayed considerable antibacterial activity and superior antifungal activity with reference to ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, respectively. The docking results of the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14-α-demethylase showed high binding energy for 6a (-9.7 kcal mol-1) involving dominating H-bonds, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameter, Molinspiration bioactivity score, and the PreADMET properties revealed that most of the synthesized 1,2,3-triazole molecules possess desirable physicochemical properties for drug-likeness and may be considered as orally active potential drugs. The electrophilicity index and chemical hardness properties were also studied by density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level/basis set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nehra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Vikas D. Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
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17
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Chaurasia H, Singh VK, Mishra R, Yadav AK, Ram NK, Singh P, Singh RK. Molecular modelling, synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of benzimidazole nucleoside mimetics. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105227. [PMID: 34399320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of new N-1-(β-d-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole derivatives has been designed using in silico methods and synthesized as probable antimicrobial agents. Further, the compounds were assessed for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antibacterial screening was done by employing broth micro-dilution method and compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activity (MIC, 50-1.56 µg/mL) against different human pathogenic bacteria, viz. B. cerus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa and drug resistant strain (DRS) of E. coli. A great synergistic effect was observed during evaluation of ∑FIC, where a combination study was performed using standard references, viz. chloramphenicol and kanamycin. The MIC data obtained from different methods of combination approach revealed 4-128 fold more potency compared to compounds tested alone. The results clearly indicated the possibility of these compounds as active ingredients of drug regimen used against MDR strains. Antifungal screening were also performed employing two different methods, viz. serial dilution method and zone inhibition method, clearly indicated that compounds were also potentially active against several species of pathogenic fungal strains, viz. A. flavus, A. niger, F. oxysporum and C. albicans. The assessment of structure activity relationship (SAR) clearly revealed that presence of less polar and more hydrophobic substituents positively favours the antibacterial activity, conversely, more polar and hydrophilic substituents favours the antifungal activities. Thus, the results positively endorsed the compounds as potent antibacterial and antifungal agents which could be developed as possible drug regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Chaurasia
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Vishal K Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Aditya K Yadav
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Nand K Ram
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Ramendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
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Tratrat C. 1,2,4-Triazole: A Privileged Scaffold for the Development of Potent Antifungal Agents - A Brief Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2235-2258. [PMID: 32621720 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200704140107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a tremendous rise in invasive fungal infection diseases attributed to the yeast Candida albicans in immunocompromised individuals poses a seriously challenging issue. Another concern is the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens to the existing medicines due to their overuse and misuse. It was recently reported that 25-55% of the mortality rate is caused by invasive infection. Despite a large variety of drugs being available to treat invasive candidiasis, only two of them contain a 1,2,4-triazole core, namely Fluconazole and itraconazole, which are efficient in treating infection induced by fungal Candida species. Moreover, long-term therapy associated with azole medications has led to an increase in azole resistance as well as a high risk of toxicity. Despite numerous outstanding achievements in antifungal drug discovery, development of novel, safer and potent antifungal agents while overcoming the resistance problem associated with the current drugs is becoming the main focus of medicinal chemists. Therefore, this review outlines the breakthroughs in medicinal chemistry research regarding 1,2,4- triazole-based derivatives as potential antifungal agents in the past decade. In addition, the structureactivity relationship of these compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Saminathan M, Jayakumar MR, Chandrasekaran R, Raja R, George J, Alagusundaram P. Synthesis, spectral, crystal structure, drug‐likeness, in silico, and in vitro biological screening of halogen [Cl, Br] substituted
N
‐phenylbenzo
[
g
]indazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Saminathan
- Department of Physics Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Mohan Raj Jayakumar
- Department of Physics Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | | | - Ranganathan Raja
- Department of Chemistry PRIST Deemed to be University, Madurai Campus Sivagangai India
| | - Jaabil George
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai India
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20
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Horishny V, Kartsev V, Matiychuk V, Geronikaki A, Anthi P, Pogodin P, Poroikov V, Ivanov M, Kostic M, Soković MD, Eleftheriou P. 3-Amino-5-(indol-3-yl)methylene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, Computational and Biological Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090229. [PMID: 32883028 PMCID: PMC7559366 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the design, synthesis, computational, and experimental evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fourteen new 3-amino-5-(indol-3-yl) methylene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine derivatives. The structures were designed, and their antimicrobial activity and toxicity were predicted in silico. All synthesized compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their activity exceeded those of ampicillin and (for the majority of compounds) streptomycin. The most sensitive bacterium was S. aureus (American Type Culture Collection ATCC 6538), while L. monocytogenes (NCTC 7973) was the most resistant. The best antibacterial activity was observed for compound 5d (Z)-N-(5-((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-4-hydroxybenzamide (Minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC at 37.9–113.8 μM, and Minimal bactericidal concentration MBC at 57.8–118.3 μM). Three most active compounds 5d, 5g, and 5k being evaluated against three resistant strains, Methicillin resistant Staphilococcus aureus (MRSA), P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, were more potent against MRSA than ampicillin (MIC at 248–372 μM, MBC at 372–1240 μM). At the same time, streptomycin (MIC at 43–172 μM, MBC at 86–344 μM) did not show bactericidal activity at all. The compound 5d was also more active than ampicillin towards resistant P. aeruginosa strain. Antifungal activity of all compounds exceeded those of the reference antifungal agents bifonazole (MIC at 480–640 μM, and MFC at 640–800 μM) and ketoconazole (MIC 285–475 μM and MFC 380–950 μM). The best activity was exhibited by compound 5g. The most sensitive fungal was T. viride (IAM 5061), while A. fumigatus (human isolate) was the most resistant. Low cytotoxicity against HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cell line and reasonable selectivity indices were shown for the most active compounds 5d, 5g, 5k, 7c using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide MTT assay. The docking studies indicated a probable involvement of E. coli Mur B inhibition in the antibacterial action, while CYP51 inhibition is likely responsible for the antifungal activity of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Horishny
- Department of Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Victor Kartsev
- InterBioScreen, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Vasyl Matiychuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodia 6, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-23-1099-7616
| | - Petrou Anthi
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Pavel Pogodin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10 Bldg.8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimir Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10 Bldg.8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Marina Kostic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Marina D. Soković
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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21
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Synthesis, state-of-the-art NMR-binding and molecular modeling study of new benzimidazole core derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors: Targeting breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115495. [PMID: 32307260 PMCID: PMC9793914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New series of benzimidazole ring core conjugated with either dithiocarbamate or thiopropyl linkers, hybridized with different secondary amines were synthesized; 5-15 and 22-31; respectively. The new compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C 1D & 2D NMR, ESI-MS and IR). They were screened for in vitro anticancer activity against breast cancer using MCF7 cell line. The results obtained revealed that compounds 5, 12, 15 and 25 were the most active among the synthesized series exhibiting IC50 < 10 µg/ml against DOX. To characterize targeting breast cancer on molecular level, binding to 15N-labeled Pin1 enzyme was conducted using state-of-the-art 2D NMR binding experiments. Results showed promising binding between compounds 5, 12, and 25 by chemical shift perturbation (peak shifting or peak disappearance). Molecular docking study were quite valuable to explain the binding mode of active derivatives via hydrogen bonding. Additional contact preferences and surface mapping studies stated the similarity pattern between active candidates which may pave the way for more precise anti breast cancer target optimization.
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Ahuja R, Sidhu A, Bala A, Arora D, Sharma P. Structure based approach for twin-enzyme targeted benzimidazolyl-1,2,4-triazole molecular hybrids as antifungal agents. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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23
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Morcoss MM, Abdelhafez ESMN, Ibrahem RA, Abdel-Rahman HM, Abdel-Aziz M, Abou El-Ella DA. Design, synthesis, mechanistic studies and in silico ADME predictions of benzimidazole derivatives as novel antifungal agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103956. [PMID: 32512267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, novel three series of benzimidazole scaffold bearing hydrazone, 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties 1-3, 4a-j, 6a-c and 7 derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The structures of the prepared compounds were assigned using different spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. Compounds 3, 4a, 4e and 4f exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans var. grubii with MIC values ranging from 4 to 16 μg/mL. Furthermore, they were not cytotoxic against red blood cells and human embryonic kidney cells at concentration up to 32 μg/mL. The study was expanded to forecast the mechanism of action of the prepared compounds and determine sterol quantitation method (SQM) by spectrophotometric assay. On the other hand, compound 4e showed the highest inhibitory activity against lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) with IC50 value = 0.19 μg/mL compared to fluconazole as reference IC50 value = 0.62 μg/mL. Also, compounds 4d and 4f exhibited mild to moderate antibacterial activity. Moreover, molecular docking of the active target compound 4e in active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) revealed that docking scores and binding mode are comparable to that of co-crystallized ligand confirming their antifungal activity. In silico ADME prediction investigations also forecasting the drug-like characters of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Morcoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Reham A Ibrahem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El-Ella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Fesatidou M, Petrou A, Athina G. Heterocycle Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:867-904. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200206093815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:Bacterial infections are a growing problem worldwide causing morbidity and mortality mainly in developing countries. Moreover, the increased number of microorganisms, developing multiple resistances to known drugs, due to abuse of antibiotics, is another serious problem. This problem becomes more serious for immunocompromised patients and those who are often disposed to opportunistic fungal infections.Objective:The objective of this manuscript is to give an overview of new findings in the field of antimicrobial agents among five-membered heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds especially five-membered attracted the interest of the scientific community not only for their occurrence in nature but also due to their wide range of biological activities.Method:To reach our goal, a literature survey that covers the last decade was performed.Results:As a result, recent data on the biological activity of thiazole, thiazolidinone, benzothiazole and thiadiazole derivatives are mentioned.Conclusion:It should be mentioned that despite the progress in the development of new antimicrobial agents, there is still room for new findings. Thus, research still continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fesatidou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Geronikaki Athina
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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25
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Sutar SM, Savanur HM, Malunavar SS, Pawashe GM, Aridoss G, Kim KM, Lee JY, Kalkhambkar RG. Synthesis and Molecular Modelling Studies of Coumarin and 1‐Aza‐Coumarin Linked Miconazole Analogues and Their Antimicrobial Properties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj M. Sutar
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Hemantkumar M. Savanur
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Shruti S. Malunavar
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Geeta M. Pawashe
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Aridoss
- Anygen Co., Ltd., Gwangju TechnoparkCheomdan, Gwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju South Korea 610-008
| | - Kang Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical science and technology, KyungsungUniversity Busan 608-736 Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Department of PharmacyKyungsung, University Busan 608-736 Korea
| | - Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
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Dhanamjayulu P, Boga RB, Mehta A. Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis and down regulation of aflR and aflB genes in presence of benzimidazole derivatives without impairing the growth of Aspergillus flavus. Toxicon 2019; 170:60-67. [PMID: 31541640 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are mutagenic secondary metabolites produced by certain ubiquitous saprophytic fungi. These contaminate agricultural crops and pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock all over the world. Benzimidazole and its derivatives are biologically active heterocyclic compounds known for their fungicidal activity. In the present study, second and sixth position substituted benzimidazole derivatives are tested for their antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity. Aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus cultured in Yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium as well as in rice in the presence and absence of test compounds. 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazole (FBD) showed complete inhibition of fungal growth at 50 μg/mL. However, the polar derivatives of FBD viz. 6-NFBD, 6-AFBD, 6-CAFBD, and 6-CFBD did not impair the fungal growth but effectively inhibited aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis. Significant down-regulation of aflR gene involved in regulation and aflB structural gene for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis was observed in presence of 6-NFBD. These benzimidazole derivatives also showed good anti-aflatoxigenic activity in rice, though the IC50 concentrations in rice were comparatively higher than those in YES medium. This study summarizes the most notable structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazoles for anti-aflatoxigenic and anti-fungal activities. These molecules can be further studied for their applications in industrial fermentation processes vulnerable to mold growth and subsequent aflatoxin B1 synthesis like koji fermentation, cheese production, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dhanamjayulu
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Alka Mehta
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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27
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Karaburun AC. Synthesis and Anticandidal Activities of Some Aryl (5-Chloro-Benzofuran- 2-yl) Ketoximes. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181207155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background:
In this study, some aryl (5-chloro-benzofuran-2-yl) ketoximes and their
ethers were synthesised to evaluate their antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C.
krusei, and C. parapsilosis.
</p><p>
Methods: The structure elucidation of the compounds was performed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR
and HR-MS spectroscopic data. ADME parameters of synthesised compounds 2a-2d, 3a-3d, 4a-4d
were predicted by an in-silico study and it was determined that all synthesised compounds may
have a good pharmacokinetic profile.
</p><p>
Results: In the anticandidal activity studies, compounds 2c and 3c were found to be the most active
compounds. The effect of compound 2c, on ergosterol biosynthesis of C. albicans, was determined
by using the LC-MS-MS method.
</p><p>
Conclusion: It was also docked in the active site of the lanosterol 14α-demethylase enzyme, and
shown that there is a strong interaction between compound 2c and enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cagri Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
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28
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Karaburun AÇ, Kaya Çavuşoğlu B, Acar Çevik U, Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Atlı Ö, Koparal AS, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis and Antifungal Potential of Some Novel Benzimidazole-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010191. [PMID: 30621357 PMCID: PMC6337182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of novel anticandidal agents with clarified mechanisms of action, could be a rationalist approach against diverse pathogenic fungal strains due to the rise of resistance to existing drugs. In support to this hypothesis, in this paper, a series of benzimidazole-oxadiazole compounds were synthesized and subjected to antifungal activity evaluation. In vitro activity assays indicated that some of the compounds exhibited moderate to potent antifungal activities against tested Candida species when compared positive control amphotericin B and ketoconazole. The most active compounds 4h and 4p were evaluated in terms of inhibitory activity upon ergosterol biosynthesis by an LC-MS-MS method and it was determined that they inhibited ergosterol synthesis concentration dependently. Docking studies examining interactions between most active compounds and lanosterol 14-α-demethylase also supported the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Çağrı Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Atlı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ali Savaş Koparal
- Open Education Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
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29
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Karaburun AÇ, Acar Çevik U, Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Kaya Çavuşoğlu B, Levent S, Özkay Y, Koparal AS, Behçet M, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis and Evaluation of New 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent Antifungal Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123129. [PMID: 30501053 PMCID: PMC6321371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the goal of obtaining a novel bioactive compound with significant antifungal activity, a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (3a–3l) were synthesized and characterized. Due to thione-thiol tautomerism in the intermediate compound 2, type of substitution reaction in the final step was determined by two-dimensional (2D) NMR. In vitro antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against eight Candida species. The active compounds 3k and 3l displayed very notable antifungal effects. The probable mechanisms of action of active compounds were investigated using an ergosterol quantification assay. Docking studies on 14-α-sterol demethylase enzyme were also performed to investigate the inhibition potency of compounds on ergosterol biosynthesis. Theoretical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) predictions were calculated to seek their drug likeness of final compounds. The results of the antifungal activity test, ergosterol biosynthesis assay, docking study, and ADME predictions indicated that the synthesized compounds are potential antifungal agents, which inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis probably interacting with the fungal 14-α-sterol demethylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Çağrı Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ali Savaş Koparal
- Open Education Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Behçet
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu 14280, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
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