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Jantunen E, Hämäläinen S, Pulkki K, Juutilainen A. Novel biomarkers to identify complicated course of febrile neutropenia in hematological patients receiving intensive chemotherapy. Eur J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38961525 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common consequence of intensive chemotherapy in hematological patients. More than 90% of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) develop FN, and 5%-10% of them die from subsequent sepsis. FN is very common also in autologous stem cell transplant recipients, but the risk of death is lower than in AML patients. In this review, we discuss biomarkers that have been evaluated for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in hematological patients with FN. In general, novel biomarkers have provided little benefit over traditional inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. The utility of most biomarkers in hematological patients with FN has been evaluated in only a few small studies. Although some of them appear promising, much more data is needed before they can be implemented in the clinical evaluation of FN patients. Currently, close patient follow-up is key to detect complicated course of FN and the need for further interventions such as intensive care unit admission. Scoring systems such as q-SOFA (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) or NEWS (National Early Warning Sign) combined with traditional and/or novel biomarkers may provide added value in the clinical evaluation of FN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esa Jantunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hämäläinen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Pulkki
- Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Clinical Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Auni Juutilainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Sara C, Davide L, Nunzia L, Tamara B, Luca P, Daniele Z, Marcello L, Arcangelo P, Riccardo M. The role of presepsin in pediatric patients with oncological and hematological diseases experiencing febrile neutropenia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6464. [PMID: 37081067 PMCID: PMC10119114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) represents one of the main complications of pediatric patients with oncological and hematological diseases. In these patients, it is crucial to identify bacterial infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate presepsin as an early biomarker of bacterial infections during FN. We compared patients with oncological and hematological diseases and a 2:1 age-matched healthy control group. In the FN group, we evaluated 4 biomarkers, namely, C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL6) and presepsin at the onset of fever (T0) and 48 h after T0 (T1). In the control group, we only evaluated presepsin. We enrolled a total of 41 children with oncological and hematological diseases disease experiencing 50 FN episodes and 100 healthy patients in the control group. In patients with FN, we found that presepsin was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.001). However, in the FN group, we did not find a statistically significant difference between patients with and without bacteremia (p = 0.989 at T0, p = 0.619 at T1). Presepsin values at T1 were higher in patients experiencing an unfavorable outcome (p = 0.025). This study shows that presepsin increases in neutropenic patients, but it only revealed useful in predicting an unfavorable outcome 48 h from the onset of fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerasi Sara
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leardini Davide
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lisanti Nunzia
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Belotti Tamara
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierantoni Luca
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zama Daniele
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lanari Marcello
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Prete Arcangelo
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Masetti Riccardo
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Moustafa R, Albouni T, Aziz G. The role of procalcitonin and presepsin in the septic febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253842. [PMID: 34324506 PMCID: PMC8321513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The source of bacterial infection in neutropenic acute leukemia patients is detected in about 20-30% of cases. Bacterial cultures may require a long incubation period and risk false-positive and false- negative results. Therefore, biomarkers distinguishing septic febrile neutropenia from other etiologies in acute leukemia patients play the important role in patient assessment and treatment planning. This study aims to determine the role of procalcitonin (PCT) and presepsin (PSPN) in infectious complication in comparison to C-reactive protein (CRP) on the first and third day at the onset of febrile neutropenia in patients with acute leukemia. METHODS Between June 2018 and February 2019, 60 acute leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia receiving chemotherapy. The 41 acute myeloid leukemia patients and 19 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients were recruited in this study. Their ages ranged from 14 to 65 years. PCT and PSPN were measured and were compared to CRP at the onset of febrile neutropenia and after 48 hours. 20 patients had a fever of unknown origin (FUO) and 40 patients had a bacterial infection. FINDINGS Our results showed that the values of these markers were higher in patients with infection than patients without. The area under the curve (AUC) of PCT were 0.931 and 0.813 on day one and three respectively, which was the best in determination of infection. The cut-off values of PCT were 1.27 and 1.23 ng/mL and the cut off values of PSPN were 1.75 and 2.9 μg/L in the successive days, their clinical sensitivities were high. PCT and PSPN were capable of distinguishing the cause of febrile neutropenia from the onset of infection and predicting its complications (p<0.05). The PSPN level couldn't differentiate gram-positive or gram-negative bacterial infection. Significant differences were found between the mean values of the PSPN during the successive days in all patients and patients with bacteremia. This study illustrated a weak positive correlation between PCT and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, the negligible correlation between CRP and SOFA score and no significant correlation between PSPN and SOFA score. INTERPRETATION PCT is an accurate biomarker in identifying infection in acute leukemia patients, its concentration is associated with the severity of bacterial sepsis. PSPN is superior to PCT for follow-up of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Moustafa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Taissir Albouni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ghassan Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine (Hematology), Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Intke C, Korpelainen S, Lappalainen M, Vänskä M, Hämäläinen S, Pulkki K, Jantunen E, Juutilainen A, Purhonen AK. Serum caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 fragment as a prognostic biomarker in hematological patients with febrile neutropenia. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:83-93. [PMID: 34255216 PMCID: PMC8863728 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to determine the benefit of the measurement of serum caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) fragment as a prognostic marker of febrile neutropenia (FN) in hematological patients. The study population consisted of 86 consecutive patients with FN who received intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancy at the adult hematology ward of Kuopio University Hospital. Twenty-three patients (27%) had acute myeloid leukemia, and 63 patients (73%) were autologous stem cell transplant recipients. Serum caspase-cleaved CK-18 fragment M30, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured at the onset of FN (d0), on day 1 (d1), and on day 2 (d2). Eight patients (9%) developed severe sepsis, including three patients with septic shock. Eighteen patients (21%) had a blood culture-positive infection. Serum CK-18 fragment peaked on the first day after fever onset in patients with severe sepsis. Higher CK-18 level was associated with severe sepsis, intensive care unit treatment, and fatal outcome, but not with blood culture positivity. In ROC curve analysis, d1 serum CK-18 fragment predicted severe sepsis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.767, CRP with an AUC of 0.764, and PCT with an AUC of 0.731. On d2, the best predictive capacity was observed for CRP with an AUC of 0.832. The optimal cutoff of caspase-cleaved CK-18 fragment M30 for predicting severe sepsis was 205 U/L on d1. In hematological patients, serum CK-18 fragment was found to be a potential prognostic marker of severe sepsis at early stages of FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Intke
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Sini Korpelainen
- Siun Sote - Hospital District of North Carelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Marika Lappalainen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Vänskä
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Sari Hämäläinen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Pulkki
- Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Jantunen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland.,Siun Sote - Hospital District of North Carelia, Joensuu, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Auni Juutilainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Purhonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Carelia Central Hospital, South Carelia Social and Health Care District (Eksote), Lappeenranta, Finland
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Maccioni L, Gao B, Leclercq S, Pirlot B, Horsmans Y, De Timary P, Leclercq I, Fouts D, Schnabl B, Stärkel P. Intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, changes in duodenal and fecal microbiota, and their associations with alcoholic liver disease progression in humans. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1782157. [PMID: 32588725 PMCID: PMC7524402 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1782157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal data suggest a role of the gut-liver axis in progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but human data are scarce especially for early disease stages. METHODS We included patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who follow a rehabilitation program and matched healthy controls. We determined intestinal epithelial and vascular permeability (IP) (using urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, fecal albumin content, and immunohistochemistry in distal duodenal biopsies), epithelial damage (histology, serum iFABP, and intestinal gene expression), and microbial translocation (Gram - and Gram + serum markers by ELISA). Duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota and fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. ALD was staged by Fibroscan® (liver stiffness, controlled attenuation parameter) in combination with serum AST, ALT, and CK18-M65. RESULTS Only a subset of AUD patients had increased 51Cr-EDTA and fecal albumin together with disrupted tight junctions and vasculature expression of plasmalemma Vesicle-Associated Protein-1. The so-defined increased intestinal permeability was not related to changes of the duodenal microbiota or alterations of the intestinal epithelium but associated with compositional changes of the fecal microbiota. Leaky gut alone did not explain increased microbial translocation in AUD patients. By contrast, duodenal dysbiosis with a dominance shift toward specific potential pathogenic bacteria genera (Streptococcus, Shuttleworthia, Rothia), increased IP and elevated markers of microbial translocation characterized AUD patients with progressive ALD (steato-hepatitis, steato-fibrosis). CONCLUSION Progressive ALD already at early disease stages is associated with duodenal mucosa-associated dysbiosis and elevated microbial translocation. Surprisingly, such modifications were not linked with increased IP. Rather, increased IP appears related to fecal microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Institute of Neuroscience and Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Pirlot
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Peter Stärkel Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Ayyappan P, Harms RZ, Seifert JA, Bemis EA, Feser ML, Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Mikuls TR, Holers VM, Sarvetnick NE. Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:427. [PMID: 32265916 PMCID: PMC7100537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease leading to considerable disability over time. The disease can be characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid. Microbial dysbiosis is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. Increased systemic bacterial exposure leads to elevated levels of antimicrobial response factors (ARFs) in the circulation. In the present study, we tested whether RA patients have increased levels of ARFs by analyzing the levels of multiple ARFs in serum from RA patients and healthy age and sex-matched controls. The levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14), lysozyme, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels remained unchanged in RA patients compared to healthy controls. A positive correlation of LBP with rheumatoid factor (RF) was also found in RA subjects. Interestingly, the levels of anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb) IgM, total IgM, EndoCAb IgA, and total IgA were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. No significant changes in the levels of EndoCAb IgG and total IgG were observed in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, lysozyme and CXCL16 levels were positively correlated with disease severity among RA subjects. Increases in the levels of several ARFs and their correlations with clinical indices suggest systemic microbial exposure in the RA cohort. Modulation of microbial exposure may play an important role in disease pathogenesis in individuals with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathapan Ayyappan
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Robert Z. Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Seifert
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Bemis
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marie L. Feser
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kevin D. Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - V. Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Shock and Early Death in Hematologic Patients with Febrile Neutropenia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01250-19. [PMID: 31405857 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01250-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Empirical antibiotic therapy with a beta-lactam is the standard of care in febrile neutropenia (FN) and is given to prevent early death. The addition of vancomycin is recommended in certain circumstances, but the quality of evidence is low, reflecting the lack of clinical data. In order to characterize the epidemiology of early death and shock in FN, we reviewed all episodes of FN from 2003 to 2017 at University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and looked at factors associated with shock at first fever and early death (within 3 days from first fever) by univariate and multivariate analyses. Among 1,305 episodes of FN, shock occurred in 42 episodes (3.2%) and early death in 15 (1.1%). Predictors of shock were bacteremia due to Escherichia coli (odds ratio [OR], 8.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.08 to 17.55; P < 0.001), Enterobacter sp. (OR, 7.53; 95% CI, 1.60 to 35.33; P = 0.01), and Acinetobacter sp. (OR, 6.95; 95% CI, 1.49 to 32.36; P = 0.01). Factors associated with early death were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.18 to 10.73; P = 0.02), pneumonia (OR, 21.36; 95% CI, 5.72 to 79.72; P < 0.001), shock (OR, 11.64: 95% CI, 2.77 to 48.86; P = 0.01), and bacteremia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.11 to 31.47; P = 0.03). Adequate empirical antibiotic therapy was protective (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.81; P = 0.02). Shock or early death was not associated with Gram-positive bacteremia; catheter-related, skin, or soft tissue infection; or inadequate Gram-positive coverage. These data challenge guideline recommendations for the empirical use of vancomycin at first fever in neutropenic patients.
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Long B, Koyfman A. Oncologic Emergencies: The Fever With Too Few Neutrophils. J Emerg Med 2019; 57:689-700. [PMID: 31635928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is associated with a variety of complications, including neutropenic fever, which can result in severe morbidity and mortality. This oncologic emergency requires ED management. OBJECTIVE This narrative review provides focused updates for emergency clinicians regarding neutropenic fever. DISCUSSION Neutropenic fever is defined by fever with oral temperature >38.3°C or temperature >38.0°C for 1 hour with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1000 cells/microL. Patients who have received chemotherapy within 6 weeks of presentation are at high risk for neutropenia. While most patients with neutropenic fever do not have an identifiable bacterial source of fever, clinicians should treat patients for bacterial infection. Rapid assessment and management are vital to improving outcomes in patients with suspected or confirmed neutropenic fever. History and examination should focus on the most common sites of infection: the gastrointestinal tract, blood, skin, lung, and urinary tract. However, physical examination and laboratory or imaging assessment may not display classic signs of infection. Blood cultures should be obtained, and broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended. Oncology consultation is an integral component in the care of these patients. Several risk scores can assist in stratifying patients who may be appropriate for discharge home and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Neutropenic fever is an oncologic emergency. Rapid diagnosis and care of patients with neutropenic fever can improve outcomes, along with oncology consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Intke C, Korpelainen S, Hämäläinen S, Vänskä M, Koivula I, Jantunen E, Pulkki K, Juutilainen A. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a biomarker of sepsis in neutropenic haematological patients. Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:691-698. [PMID: 30099772 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to compare the performance of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) to C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in early prediction of the clinical course of febrile neutropenia. METHODS The study population consisted of 86 consecutive patients with febrile neutropenia who received intensive chemotherapy for haematological malignancy between November 2009 and November 2012 at the adult haematology ward of Kuopio University Hospital. Twenty-three (27%) patients had acute myeloid leukaemia and 63 (73%) patients were autologous stem cell transplant recipients. IL-1Ra, CRP and procalcitonin were measured at the onset of fever (d0), on day 1 (d1) and on day 2 (d2). RESULTS Eight patients developed severe sepsis, including three patients with septic shock. Eighteen patients had bacteraemia. After the onset of febrile neutropenia Youden´s indices (with their 95% confidence intervals) to identify severe sepsis were for IL-1Ra on d0 0.57 (0.20-0.71) and on d1 0.65 (0.28-0.78), for CRP on d0 0.41 (0.04-0.61) and on d1 0.47 (0.11-0.67) and for PCT on d0 0.39 (0.05-0.66) and on d1 0.52 (0.18-0.76). CONCLUSIONS In haematological patients, IL-1Ra has a comparable capacity with CRP and PCT to predict severe sepsis at the early stages of febrile neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Intke
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sini Korpelainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hämäläinen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Vänskä
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Irma Koivula
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Esa Jantunen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Siun Sote - Hospital District of North Carelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kari Pulkki
- Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre, Kuopio, Finland
- Laboratory Division, Turku University Central Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Auni Juutilainen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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10
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Presepsin as a diagnostic marker of bacterial infections in febrile neutropenic pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:184-191. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Lambregts MMC, Warreman EB, Bernards AT, Veelken H, von dem Borne PA, Dekkers OM, Visser LG, de Boer MG. Distribution and clinical determinants of time-to-positivity of blood cultures in patients with neutropenia. Eur J Haematol 2017; 100:206-214. [PMID: 29171916 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blood cultures (BCs) are essential in the evaluation of neutropenic fever. Modern BC systems have significantly reduced the time-to-positivity (TTP) of BC. This study explores the probability of bacteraemia when BCs have remained negative for different periods of time. METHODS All adult patients with neutropenia and bacteraemia were included (January 2012-February 2016). Predictive clinical factors for short (≤16 hours) and long (>24 hours) TTP were determined. The residual probability of bacteraemia was estimated for the scenario of negative BC 24 hours after collection. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 154 patients, accounting for 190 episodes of bacteraemia. Median age of 61 years, 60.5% were male. In 123 (64.7%) episodes, BC yielded a single Gram-positive micro-organism and in 49 (25.8%) a Gram-negative micro-organism (median TTP 16.7, 14.5 hours respectively, P < .01). TTP was ≤24 hours in 91.6% of episodes. Central line-associated bacteraemia was associated with long TTP. The probability of bacteraemia if BC had remained negative for 24 hours was 1%-3%. CONCLUSIONS The expected TTP offers guidance in the management of patients with neutropenia and suspected bacteraemia. The knowledge of negative BC can support a change in working diagnosis, and impact clinical decisions as soon as 24 hours after BC collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M C Lambregts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva B Warreman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra T Bernards
- Department of Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A von dem Borne
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G de Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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