1
|
Gómez Duran JA, Arroyo ZG, Gómez Castro FI, Owen PQ, Sánchez Cadena LE, Ayala Gómez MV. Evaluation of the effect of physical and chemical factors in the recovery of Cu, Pb and Fe from waste PCB through acid leaching. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21348. [PMID: 38027605 PMCID: PMC10651467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic waste recycling is a strategy that contributes to implement a circular economy model which include reuse, component and raw material recovery and minimum final deposition. Given the importance of reincorporating the components of electronic devices into the productive chain and a correct recovery for some hazardous metals such as lead contained in such residues. This study is focused on the effect of maximum available content (MAC) of metal, sulfuric acid initial concentration, agitation velocity, and oxidising agent on the recovery of copper, lead and iron from electronic waste through acid leaching. A solid-state characterization before and after treatment and electrochemical analysis was carried out to analyse MCA effects and surface chemistry. It was found that sub-millimetric particles show a better available extraction percentage in case of copper and iron, being opposite for lead. Presence of hydrogen peroxide enhance the extraction efficiency, however, this cause iron and lead precipitation, therefore it is inefficient for metals recovery as well as for reagent consumption. The presence of calcium salts reacts producing gypsum, which reduces the extraction yield of copper at particle size below 250 μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Gómez Duran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, Gto., 36050, Mexico
| | - Zeferino Gamiño Arroyo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, Gto., 36050, Mexico
| | - Fernando Israel Gómez Castro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, Gto., 36050, Mexico
| | - Patricia Quintana Owen
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Lorena Eugenia Sánchez Cadena
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Calle Juárez 77, Col. Centro, Guanajuato, Gto, C.P, 36000 , Mexico
| | - Mónica V. Ayala Gómez
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agrawal R, Bhagia S, Satlewal A, Ragauskas AJ. Urban mining from biomass, brine, sewage sludge, phosphogypsum and e-waste for reducing the environmental pollution: Current status of availability, potential, and technologies with a focus on LCA and TEA. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115523. [PMID: 36805896 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization, improved standards of living, growing economies and ever-increasing population has led to the unprecedented exploitation of the finite and non-renewable resources of minerals in past years. It was observed that out of 100 BMT of raw materials processed annually only 10% is recycled back. This has resulted in a strenuous burden on natural or primary resources of minerals (such as ores) having limited availability. Moreover, severe environmental concerns have been raised by the huge piles of waste generated at landfill sites. To resolve these issues, 'Urban Mining' from waste or secondary resources in a Circular Economy' concept is the only sustainable solution. The objective of this review is to critically examine the availability, elemental composition, and the market potential of the selected secondary resources such as lignocellulosic/algal biomass, desalination water, sewage sludge, phosphogypsum, and e-waste for minerals sequestration. This review showed that, secondary resources have potential to partially replace the minerals required in different sectors such as macro and microelements in agriculture, rare earth elements (REEs) in electrical and electronics industry, metals in manufacturing sector and precious elements such as gold and platinum in ornamental industry. Further, inputs from the selected life cycle analysis (LCA) & techno economic analysis (TEA) were discussed which showed that although, urban mining has a potential to reduce the greenhouse gaseous (GHG) emissions in a sustainable manner however, process improvements through innovative, novel and cost-effective pathways are essentially required for its large-scale deployment at industrial scale in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Agrawal
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India.
| | - Samarthya Bhagia
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Alok Satlewal
- Department of Bioenergy, DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India.
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee Institution of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Resource Recovery from Waste Electronics has emerged as one of the most imperative processes due to its pressing challenges all over the world. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is one of the typical E-waste components that comprise large varieties of metals and nonmetals. Urban Mining of these metals has received major attention all over the world. The existing treatment procedures used extensively for the resource extraction are hydrometallurgy and pyro-metallurgy and crude recycling practices in the informal sector. However, these methods are prone to cause secondary pollutants with certain drawbacks. Also, the existing informal recycling procedures resulted in insignificant occupational health hazards and severe environmental threats. The application of biotechnology is extensively exploited for metal extraction and emerged as one of the sustainable and eco-friendly tools. However, a limited field-scale study is prevailing in the realm of resource recovery from E-waste using bioleaching method. Hence, the application of bioleaching requires more attention and technical know-how in developing countries to curtail crude practices. The application of bioleaching in E-waste, including its available methods, kinetics mechanism associated opportunities, and barriers, have been discussed in this paper. A glance of E-waste management in India and the menace of 95% crude E-waste recycling are also elaborated. The incentives toward profit, socio-economic, and environmentally sustainable approaches have been delineated based on critical analysis of the available literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Arya
- Technology Development Centre (TDC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) , Nagpur, India.,Technology Development Centre (TDC), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Technology Development Centre (TDC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) , Nagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yousefzadeh S, Yaghmaeian K, Mahvi AH, Nasseri S, Alavi N, Nabizadeh R. Comparative analysis of hydrometallurgical methods for the recovery of Cu from circuit boards: Optimization using response surface and selection of the best technique by two-step fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|