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Lawrence BD, Infanger DW. Effect of silk fibroin protein hydrolysis on biochemistry, gelation kinetics, and NF-kB bioactivity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132702. [PMID: 38810851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Fibroin is a structural protein derived from silk cocoons, which may be used in a variety of biomedical applications due to its high biocompatibility and controllable material properties. Conversely, fibroin solution is inherently unstable in solution, which limits its potential utility. Fibroin hydrolysates possess enhanced aqueous solubility and stability, with known anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Here, silk-derived protein (SDP) was produced through controlled time, temperature, and pressure conditions to generate a novel and reproducible hydrolysate population. Both regenerated fibroin and SDP solution stability were characterized for MWD, amino acid content, solubility, viscosity, surface interaction, secondary structure formation, and in vitro assessment of NF-kB pathway activity. Mechanistic studies indicate that hydrolysis processing is required to enhance material stability by abolishing fibroin's ability to self-associate. In vitro assays using HCLE cells indicate SDP has dose dependent potency for inhibiting NF-kB driven gene expression of TNF-α and MMP-9. Collectively, the results support SDP's use as an anti-inflammatory wetting agent compatible with a wide range of both biomedical and industrial applications. Furthermore, the conditions used to generate SDP hydrolysates are readily accessible, produce a highly consistent material from batch-to-batch, and permit widespread investigation of this novel population for these purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Lawrence
- Silk Technologies Limited, Minneapolis, MN 55402, United States.
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Mai LX, Kang SK, Jo YY, Nguyen P, Kim AY, Kim KY, Kim NS, Koh YH. An Alkaline Protease-Digestion of Silkworm Powder Enhances Its Effects Over Healthspan, Autophagy, and Mitochondria Function in a Rotenone-Induced Drosophila Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:808295. [PMID: 35782921 PMCID: PMC9244169 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.808295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies have reported that steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworms, also known as HongJam, have various health-promoting effects.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to elucidate changes in the various health-promoting effects of HongJam, after its digestion with a food-grade protease.Materials and MethodsWe examined whether healthspan-promotion and rotenone-induced loss of motor-control prevention effects were enhanced in Drosophila fed with food-grade alkaline protease-digested HongJam compared to those fed with non-digested HongJam. The differences in mitochondrial functions, chemical susceptibilities, and activations of signal transduction pathways between Drosophila supplemented with various feed were examined to elucidate the molecular and biochemical basis of healthspan-promotion and locomotor-improvement effects of protease-digested HongJam.ResultsWe first found that the healthspan-promotion effect of HongJam digested with a food-grade protease was different depending on the silkworm variety used for its production. Digestion with food-grade protease into White-Jade HongJam (WJ) as prepared from the White-Jade silkworm variety that spins white cocoons did not enhance its functionality. However, compared to Golden-Silk HongJam (GS), a food-grade protease-digested Golden-Silk HongJam (GSD) produced from the Golden-Silk silkworm variety that spins yellow cocoons, it further promoted the healthspan in a Drosophila model. By conducting a series of studies to reveal the molecular and biochemical basis for healthspan-promoting effects, we found that GS and GSD similarly enhanced mitochondrial activity, but GSD activated autophagy signaling more than GS. In addition, GSD feed (GSDf)-, GSD supernatant feed (GSDsupf)-, and GSD precipitate feed (GSDprecf)-reared Drosophila were also found to have increased resistance to an autophagy inhibitor compared to that of normal feed- or GS feed-reared Drosophila. Furthermore, we found that the rotenone-induced loss of motor control prevention effect was superior for GSDsup compared to GS, GSD, or GSDprec. This result may have occurred because GSDsup has more phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities than other samples.ConclusionGSDsup contained more digested small peptides and free phytochemicals than other samples due to the digestion of proteins with a food-grade protease. Thus, GSDsup leads to further healthspan-promoting and locomotor-improvement effects than GS, GSD, or GSDprec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Xuan Mai
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kug Kang
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - You-Young Jo
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee-Young Kim
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Nam-Suk Kim
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Ho Koh,
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Identification and Characterization of a Cocoon Degradable Enzyme from the Isolated Strain Bacillus subtilis Bs5C. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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