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Egashira R, Mizutani S, Yamaguchi M, Kato T, Umezaki Y, Oku S, Tamai K, Obata T, Naito T. Low Tongue Strength and the Number of Teeth Present Are Associated with Cognitive Decline in Older Japanese Dental Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8700. [PMID: 33238565 PMCID: PMC7700411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To mitigate the impact of dementia, initiating early intervention is important. This study aims to investigate the associations between deterioration in oral function and cognitive decline in older outpatients whose oral health was maintained in the dental clinic. This study included 50 outpatients aged ≥65 years. We used the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) to assess cognitive decline. Oral function was evaluated by tongue pressure, masticatory performance, and swallowing ability. A full-mouth periodontal examination was conducted, and the occlusal support and number of teeth were recorded. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cognitive decline (MoCA-J score ≤ 25 points) were calculated using logistic regression models. The age, number of teeth, tongue pressure, and masticatory performance were significantly correlated with cognitive decline (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that cognitive decline was independently associated with age (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03-1.52; p = 0.024), number of teeth (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-1.00; p = 0.047), and lower tongue pressure (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98; p = 0.022). Lower tongue pressure and a small number of remaining teeth may be associated with cognitive decline in Japanese outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Egashira
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; (R.E.); (M.Y.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; (R.E.); (M.Y.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomotaka Kato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Yojiro Umezaki
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; (R.E.); (M.Y.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
| | - Saori Oku
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Keiko Tamai
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; (R.E.); (M.Y.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
| | | | - Toru Naito
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; (R.E.); (M.Y.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
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Tamaki Y, Hiratsuka Y, Kumakawa T. Risk Factors for Dementia Incidence Based on Previous Results of the Specific Health Checkups in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040491. [PMID: 33213100 PMCID: PMC7712562 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a common disease in elderly people, with its prevalence expanding rapidly worldwide. Longitudinal and cohort studies on lifestyle and health conditions are needed to identify the risk of dementia. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for dementia incidence in Japan and to clarify the strategy for its primary care. In this study, an analysis was performed to investigate the association between the cognitive faculty level of the long-term care certification survey and the previous results of the specific health checkups in Japan. To investigate the risk factor for dementia incidence, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, which showed a significant odds ratio for the incidence of dementia for two items, including abdominal circumference and insulin injections or oral hypoglycemic medications. The findings of our study suggested that a lower abdominal circumference had a higher risk for dementia incidence, and individuals who received insulin injections or oral hypoglycemic medications had a higher risk for dementia incidence based on the results of the health checkups conducted 10 years previously. Further, longer duration study with a larger sample is needed to identify the items from the specific health checkups that are associated with the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Tamaki
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-48-458-6111
| | - Yoshimune Hiratsuka
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kumakawa
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.K.)
- The University of Fukuchiyama, Kyoto 620-0886, Japan
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