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Pessin E, Fuchs SC, Bruscato NM, Fuchs FC, Moriguchi EH. Mortality was predicted by depression and functional dependence in a cohort of elderly adults of Italian descent from southern Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5448. [PMID: 37012371 PMCID: PMC10070406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The older population has an increasing burden of non-communicable disease, which can potentially be associated with physical and mental disabilities and shorten life spam. To investigate whether depression, loss of functionality for activities of daily living, and lower social support are associated with all-cause mortality in the older population of Italian descent. This population-based cohort study was conducted in Veranópolis, a country city from southern Brazil, among individuals aged 60 years or older. Interviews were performed in a systematic random sampling regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial variables, in addition to depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), activities of daily living (Barthel Index), and social support (Medical Outcomes Study scale). In the follow-up, participants were reinterviewed or, in case of death, the next of kin, and hospital records were revised. Hierarchical analysis was used to determine characteristics independently associated with all-cause mortality, using Poisson regression with robust variance, expressed as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (RR; 95%CI). A total of 997 participants were enrolled and 882 participants completed the study, after 7.24 ± 2.41 years; with 581 remaining alive. The mean age was 73.12 ± 8.03 years, 4% were nonagenarians or centennials, and 62% were women. Symptoms of depression (RR: 1.04; 1.01-1.06) and functional dependence for ADL (RR: 1.00; 0.99-1.00) were associated with all-cause mortality, even after controlling for confounding factors. Lower social support was not associated with mortality (RR: 1.00; 0.99-1.01). Depression and functional dependence are independent predictors of all-cause mortality in the older population from Italian descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Pessin
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Fuchs
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Clinical Research Center, INCT PREVER, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Clinical Research Center, INCT PREVER, CPC, 5º and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Neide M Bruscato
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Fuchs
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Av. Protásio Alves, no. 211, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Emilio H Moriguchi
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine sex-specific associations of sleep duration and napping self-reported at mean age of 69 years (range: 53-81) with risk of incident dementia 24 years later at age 90 +. METHOD Analytic sample included individuals from a population-based study who reported sleep and napping once in the 1980s and 24 years later (range: 16-38) joined The 90+ Study and were evaluated in-person. Those without dementia at baseline of The 90+ Study were prospectively followed. Hazard ratios [HR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] of dementia risk were estimated by Cox regression. RESULTS Of 574 participants 71% were women, mean age at start of dementia follow-up with The 90+ Study was 93 years (range: 90-102). After 3.3 years (range: 0.4-13.8) of follow-up 47% developed dementia. Higher risk of dementia at age 90+ was seen in women with <6 hours of self-reported sleep per night (adjusted HR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.15-3.50; p = .01) compared with 8 hours. Lower risk of dementia at 90+ was seen in men with short-to-moderate (<60 minutes) self-reported naps compared with no naps (HR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.18-0.63; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Sleep and nap 24 years earlier are important risk factors for dementia after age 90.
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Doseděl T, Menšíková T, Vidovićová L. Scaling Down the PGCM Scale to Assess Views on Ageing More Efficiently: Finding a New Alternative. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9414. [PMID: 33334064 PMCID: PMC7765537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to present a new and efficient way of measuring the quality of life among older populations, with special attention to morale, positive outlook on life and ageing. The measure is based on the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCM), originally consisting of 22 items. The growing numbers and proportions of older people among European populations has increased the need to obtain more reliable data on their needs, values, life experiences and overall quality of life. Using data from six surveys conducted in the Czech Republic, we have formulated a three-item positive outlook on life and ageing (POLA) scale. Our analyses are divided into three steps: (1) constructing the scale and testing its internal consistency; (2) testing the scale's external validity using mean comparisons and correlation coefficients; and (3) determining the factors affecting a positive outlook on later life, such as gender and education. We have confirmed that the three-item approach to measuring positive outlook on ageing as a part of morale is highly applicable to surveys, producing compelling results in assessing important quality-of-life sub-concepts, such as subjective health, subjective age, and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Doseděl
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.M.); (L.V.)
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